Modern World History Exam Study Guide

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  1. What did the Italian government and the Catholic Church argue about during the Italian Unificiation?
  2. Define militarism.
  3. What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884?
  4. Why was the redistribution of seats in Parliament after the Reform Bill of 1832 a good thing?
  5. According to John Locke, the government should protect the rights of the people. What should the people do if the government fails to protect them?
  6. How does serfdom work?
  7. How did Soviet Union collectives work?
  8. Define containment.
  9. Define domino theory.
  10. What did Prince Henry of Portugal do to ensure Portugal would be at the forefront of exploration?
  11. What were the three causes of the French Revolution?
  12. Define unification.
  13. Define sphere of influence
  14. Why does Parliament feel the need to begin taxing the American colonies after the French and Indian War?
  15. What technological advancement allowed the various European nations to take control of Africa?
  16. Scientists broke away from traditional beliefs during the Scientific Revolution and based their ideas on?
  17. Define social contract.
  18. Define separation of powers.
  19. Define constitutionalism.
  20. How did the invention and growth of the railroad industry lead to the growth of towns and cities?
  21. Define Enlightenment.
  22. What was the idea of “White Man’s Burden?”
  23. Who was Siddhartha?
  24. Explain Buddhism.
  25. Why did China complain about the British selling opium in their country?
  26. Define urbanization.
  27. Why did the Emancipation Proclamation not actually free any slaves?
  28. Define Great Schism.
  29. Define demand.
  30. What was Hitler’s explanation for taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia and adding it to Germany?
  31. What evidence shows that while the Spanish-American War was supposed to be about helping the Cubans gain their independence it was really about imperialism?
  32. Why was the Battle of Midway an important battle during World War II?
  33. Why would the German people look to Prussia to unite the German states?
  34. What event is considered the beginning of World War I?
  35. Why do the Filipinos fight the Americans after the Spanish are defeated?
  36. Define Communism.
  37. Why was the Catholic Church upset with the findings of Galileo, Copernicus, and many other scientists during the Scientific Revolution?
  38. Define popular sovereignty.
  39. What did the Edict of Nantes say?
  40. Who was Charles V?
  41. Who controls India after the Sepoy Rebellion is put down?
  42. Why were the Dutch the only Europeans allowed to stay in Japan during the Tokugawa Bakufu?
  43. What were the imperialist European nations looking for when they conquered Africa and Asia?
  44. Influenced by the American and French Revolutions, Latin American colonies sought independence from what parent countries?
  45. Define Marshall Plan.
  46. What did Marx believe would happen in the future?
  47. Why were the islands in the Indian Ocean so economically important during the Age of Exploration?
  48. What was different about the Hundred Years’ War than all wars before it?
  49. Why did the Japanese think modernization was the only way to go during the Age of Imperialism?
  50. Define total war.
  51. Define laissez-faire.
  52. After naming himself emperor of France, Napoleon III did what?
  53. Define capitalism.
  54. Why did Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church and begin the Church of England?
  55. Name the new technologies used to improve ocean travel in the 1400-1500’s.
  56. Define yellow journalism.
  57. Define muckraking.
  58. Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?
  59. What lesson did many southerners learn because of the fight over Missouri’s statehood?
  60. What is the “divine right of kings?”
  61. What happened during World War I that caused such problems for Russia?
  62. Define Counter Reformation.
  63. Define natural resources.
  64. How did fighting on the Western Front differ from the Eastern Front during WWI?
  65. Why did the Portuguese royal family move to Brazil?
  66. The Russian Civil War was betweenwho?
  67. What decision did Alexander Kerensky make that almost every other Russian disagreed with?
  68. Define Final Solution.
  69. What did William and Mary agree to when they signed the English Bill of Rights?
  70. When was D-Day?
  71. How did John Brown attacking the federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia make sectionalism even worse?
  72. What was different about the end of the Russo-Japanese War?
  73. Who was the leader of the slave revolts that gained independence for the people of Haiti?
  74. Define Free Market Economy.
  75. Define geocentric.
  76. Define heliocentric.
  77. Why did Parliament contact Mary and her husband William?
  78. How did pre-Columbian trade often affect African empires?
  79. How did capitalism lead to a desire to build an empire?
  80. The Meiji emperor tried to industrialize Japan by doing what?
  81. Define socialism.
  82. What were the Crusades?
  83. What was global trading centered around during the Middle Ages
  84. What do nations that industrialized tended to become?
  85. Describe the St. Bartholomew’ sDay Massacre.
  86. Define feudalism.
  87. What nation did the Confederacy attempt to gain recognition from during the American Civil War?
  88. How did religious intolerance lead to the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857?
  89. What was the Hegira?
  90. Why did European rulers encourage ocean exploration?
  91. What happened on December 7, 1941?
  92. Many groups of people who wanted their own country were able to get one as a part of the Treaty of Versailles. What was a major problem with many of those nations?
  93. Define mutually assured destruction.
  94. Define anarchism.
  95. Define nationalism
  96. How did Alexander II of Russia attempt to improve Russia in the mid-1800s?
  97. Why did the United States support Pinochet in Chile, when he began to immediately remove democracy from that nation?
  98. What was the Reconquista?
  99. Define Open Door Policy.
  100. What did the totalitarians in the 1920s and 1930s all have in common?
  101. Why did Vladimir Lenin leave Russia?
  102. Who was Muhammad?
  103. Define totalitarianism.
  104. Define imperialism.
  105. Define trench warfare.