Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on Monday, May 26, 2003, No. 4593
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Chief State Medical Officer
of the Russian Federation
RESOLUTION
No. 69 of April 28, 2003
FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF
SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CODES AND REGULATIONS
SANPIN 2.6.1.24-03 “SANITARY REGULATIONS FOR DESIGN
AND OPERATION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS”
On the basis of the Federal Law "On the sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population" N 52-FZ of March 30, 1999 (Legislation Bulletin of the Russian Federation N 14 of 1999, Cl. 1650) and Regulation on state sanitary-epidemiological norms, approved by Decree of Government of the Russian Federation N 554 of July 24, 2000 (Legislation Bulletin of the Russian Federation N 31 of 2000, Cl. 3295), I hereby decree:
Enforce on June 20, 2003 theSanitary and epidemiological regulations and codes SanPin 2.6.1.24-03 "Sanitary regulations for design and operation of nuclear power plants" approved by the Chief State Medical Officer of the Russian Federation on April 22, 2003
G.G.ONISCHENKO
Approved by:
G.G.ONISCHENKO
Chief State Medical Officer
of the Russian Federation
First Deputy
Minister of Health
of the Russian Federation
22.04.2003
Date of implementation: since June 20, 2003
In addition to this Sanitary Regulations, there is Sanitary Regulations "Provision of radiation safety during the decommissioning of the nuclear power station" SP 2.6.1.2205-07" approved and enforced from August 1, 2007 by Decree of the RF Chief State Medical Officer N 29 of 28.05.2007.
2.6.1. IONIZING RADIATION,
RADIATION SAFETY
SANITARY REGULATIONS FOR NUCLEAR PLANT DESIGN AND OPERATION
(SP AS-03)
Sanitary regulations and hygienic standards
SanPin 2.6.1.24-03
XI. RADIATION PROTECTION OF PERSONNEL AND PUBLIC IN EMERGENCY
In the event of a radiation accident at the nuclear plant there should be taken practical measures to stop the development of the accident, restore control over the radiation source and minimize the radiation dose, the number of exposed individuals, contamination of production compartments and the environment, economic and social losses caused by the accident.
11.1. Requirements for design of Nuclear Power Plant
11.1.1. Design solutions to ensure radiation protection of personnel and the public during emergencies should be based on the results of analysis of nuclear plant safety, including:
- Determination of initiating events, accident sequence and the possible ways of the accident evolution;
- Assessment of the radiation environment in the compartments of the nuclear plant and on site;
- Evaluation of the activity and the isotopic composition of an emergency release and discharge to the environment;
- Anticipation of exposure doses of the public under the worst weather conditions.
11.1.2. The nuclear power plant (hereinafter "NPP") design should provide for management of beyond design basis accidents, including:
- Measures to prevent core damage;
- Measures to localize and mitigate the radiological consequences due to reactor core damage.
11.1.3. To localize and mitigate the radiological consequences of accidents the design should provide for:
- Integrity and leak tightness of the reactor containment;
- Cleaning the air medium of the reactor containment;
- Protection of operating personnel working places;
- The possibility of an extended stay of personnel in the control room compartments;
- The possibility to use civil defense structures, industrial, public and residential buildings for the initial sheltering of personnel of the nuclear power plant and population of NPP satellite town.
11.1.4. The NPP design should provide for emergency measures in the event of natural disasters, external effects and fires.
11.1.5. On and beyond the NPP site there should be located emergency work management centers (crisis centers) equipped with communications systems, radiation monitoring equipment, monitoring means, individual protection and first medical aid means for personnel. In the centers there should be stored plans and instructions on personnel actions during the accident.
The location of the emergency work management centers is defined by the design, based on the conditions to ensure free access to them and radiation protection of personnel working in the centers.
11.1.6. The NPP design should define the list, quantity and storage place of individual protection means, medicines, radiation survey and monitoring instruments, decontamination and sanitary treatment means, equipment for the emergency recovery operations.
11.1.7. On NPP site (as part of automated radiation monitoring system (ARMS) and outside (as part of ARMS) there should be placed automated radiation monitoring stations allowing during beyond design basis accident to get the information needed to restore the value of radionuclide activity received outside of buildings, structures and NPP buffer area (BA), estimate the change in gamma background in the field.
11.1.8. NPP should be provided with communication and warning system to inform personnel and the public about the occurrence of the radiation accident capable of functioning in an emergency.
11.2. Planning and performing personnel protection measures in an accident
11.2.1. The NPP administration on the basis of the Standard content of the Action plan for personnel protection in case of an accident at the NPP should develop a specific Action plan for personnel protection in case of an accident at the NPP taking into account the features of the reactor facility and the location of NPP siting.
The plan for personnel protection should be developed prior to the delivery of nuclear fuel for the first power unit of the NPP before its physical start-up and approved by the relevant public authorities in charge for regulation of radiation, industrial and fire safety in the use of nuclear energy and by the bodies of the State Epidemiological Supervision Service (hereinafter "Gossanepidnadzor").
11.2.2. Plans for personnel protection should include the following materials:
- Basic data for planning personnel protection measures;
- Main indicators and criteria of the radiation accident at NPP for taking a decision to announce "Emergency preparedness" or "Emergency environment" state (the introduction of the "Action plan for personnel protection in case of an accident at the NPP");
- Actions of NPP operating personnel and administration;
- Arrangement of notification and communications;
- Procedure for alerting control authorities, services and non-militarized civil defense units;
- Radiation survey procedure;
- Organization of radiation protection;
- Organization of engineering protection;
- Organization of medical protection;
- Organization of physical protection;
- Organization of NPP personnel evacuation, if necessary;
- Logistics support procedure for personnel and emergency divisions;
- Structure and equipment of the forces involved in the event of a radiation accident at NPP;
- Organization of works for elimination of the accident consequences;
- Organizational and legal areas of the action plan;
- List of regulatory documents to be guided with in the development of an action plan.
11.2.3. Planning and implementation of the necessary measures to protect personnel should be conducted according to the following phases of the accident: the early, middle and later phases.
The early phase of the accident covers the period from the beginning of the accident tillthe moment the release of radioactive substances in the atmosphere stops and forming of the radioactive trail on the ground is finished.
The middle phase of the accident lasts from the completion of formation of the radioactive trail until all measures to protect the population are taken.
The later phase of the accident lasts until the need for the implementation of protective measures ceases. The phase ends simultaneously with the cancellation of all restrictions for the life activity of the population of contaminated areas and the transition to the normal sanitary-hygienic and radiation monitoring of the current situation.
11.2.4. In the early phase of the accident implement measures in accordance with radiological and technological consequences of the accident. Take measures of individual protection, iodine prophylaxis and notification of the appropriate personnel groups, emergency radiation doses assessment and emergency medical care to victims.
Persons with traumatic injuries, burns, chemical poisoning or exposed to radiation above 200 mSv should be directed to a medical examination. In case of contamination perform sanitary treatment of people and decontamination of contaminated clothing.
11.2.5. In the middle phase of the accident accomplish the following:
- Prevention of further development of the accident and accident management;
- Localization and mitigation of the accident radiological consequences;
- Providing medical aid;
- Personnel individual protection;
- An expanded radiation monitoring.
11.2.6. In the later phase of the accident solve the problems of radiation protection in repair work, accomplish the tasks of decontamination of contaminated compartments and buildings of the NPP, collection and transportation of radioactive waste, remediation, if necessary, of contaminated sites, etc.
11.2.7. When planning measures for personnel protection establish procedure for NPP personnel sheltering in the existing protective structures, which should be equipped with ventilation systems with air cleaning. Define the main evacuation routes.
11.2.8. Emergency and repair work should be carried out under strict radiation monitoring after radiation survey is completed.
Radiation monitoring procedure should be established with regard to characteristics and conditions of work performed;
The plans of actions in the event of an accident should specify a number of radiation survey groups, the size of each group, the routes of radiation survey on the site and in adjacent to the NPP area. Radiation survey divisions should be equipped with devices allowing toestimate the dose rate of gamma radiation in the range of up to 10 Sv / h, individual protection and first aid means, and transport.
11.2.9. In conducting radiation survey determine the following: gamma radiation dose rate, the levels of radioactive contamination of surfaces of compartments and equipment. Zoning of NPP compartments depends on contamination level and should be established according to the results of radiation survey.
11.2.10. For NPP personnel involved in emergency and repair work there should be defined a radiation protection mode, the order of operational monitoring and accounting of radiation doses, the storage places of individual protection means (hereinafter "IPM") and the order of their distribution. IPM and dosimeters for personnel should be stored in places defined in the plan, their stock should not be less than two sets for each team member.
11.2.11. Establish control of personnel access to contaminated compartments to perform emergency and repair work. To avoid undue exposure in contaminated compartments, personnel should not be allowed to stay their when it is not associated with the production needs.
11.2.12. Planned exposure above the prescribed dose limits for the elimination or prevention of an accident may be allowed only in need to rescue people and (or) prevent their exposure. The planned increased exposure is allowed only for men over 30 years with their voluntary written consent after being informed about possible radiation doses and health risks.
The planned increased exposure in effective dose to 100 mSv per year is allowed with the permission of the territorial bodies of Gossanepidnadzor, and exposure at an effective dose to 200 mSv a year only with the permission of the federal body of Gossanepidnadzor.
The planned increased exposure is not allowed:
- For the staff previously irradiated during the year in an accident or due to a scheduled high effective irradiation dose of 200 mSv or equivalent dose four times higher than the corresponding dose limits listed in Table 3.1 NRB-99;
- For those who have medical contraindications for working with sources of radiation.
Persons which have been exposed to the effective dose above 100 mSv during a year should not be exposed to a dose more than 20 mSv/year in the further work.
The effective irradiation dose higher than 200 mSv within a year shall be considered potentially dangerous. Persons exposed to such dose shall be immediately evacuated from the area and directed to the medical examination. Those persons can be allowed for further work at the radiation source only on an individual basis upon their consent and on the resolution of the qualified medical examining board.
Persons not on the payroll engaged for emergency and rescue operations should be considered equal to personnel group A.
11.2.13. Before starting work in a radiation hazard that can lead to increased exposure it should be performed a preliminary briefing of the staff, people need to be instructed on measures of protection, made aware of the possible radiation dose.
11.2.14. When working in a radiation hazard that can lead to increased exposure, you need to complete the complex application of anti-radiation medications.
11.2.15. Personnel leaving the NPP compartments after performing emergency and repair work should undergo mandatory radiation examination and, if necessary, sanitary treatment.
11.2.16. Medical care to personnel injured in an accident should be staged: at the workstation and in the sanitary inspection room, at NPP aid post, in the medical unit and in a specialized medical facility.
Measures for emergency self-help and mutual aid, decontamination of contaminated skin should be planned for implementation at the workstations and in the sanitary inspection room. Workstations and sanitary inspection room should be provided with first aid kits and individual antirad first-aid kits. In addition a stock of decontamination means, spare protective clothes and shoes should be available in the sanitary inspection room.
From the sanitary inspection room the victims should be directed to NPP first aid post where the victims may undergo radiation exposure survey, the primary sorting of the affected by indications for urgent treatment and preventive measures, date and place of evacuation, iodine prophylaxis, emergency care.
11.2.17. The action plan should establish the order of evacuation and transportation of the affected personnel to medical facilities. Vehicles used for the evacuation of the injured should be equipped with radiation monitoring devices.
11.2.18. In order to ensure constant availability of personnel to act in case of emergency, develop personnel periodic training and emergency response drill procedure and plan. The first emergency response drill should be completed no later than 1 month prior to the delivery of nuclear fuel to the NPP. Drills should be planned in such a way that it was possible to estimate the time actually required to perform each element of the plan, and the degree of preparedness of personnel.
11.3. Planning and performing population protection measures in an accident
11.3.1. Measures to protect the population in the accident at NPP should be planned taking into account the accident phases based on the criteria for urgent decisions in the initial phase of a radiation accident specified in Table 6.3 NRB-99.
11.3.2. The action plan to protect the population should be applicable to the area around the NPP, which boundaries and sizes depend on the potential release of radioactive substances in the accident. This area should be split into the "protective measures planning zone" and "planning zone for a mandatory evacuation of population."
11.3.3. The action plan to protect the public in the event of an accident at the NPP should include the following key provisions:
- Input data for the planning of the public protection;
- Key measures of public protection;
- Organization and conduct of radiation survey;
- Arrangement of notification and communications;
- Procedure for providing medical assistance to the injured;
- Coordination of actions of NPP management and personnel, as well as the Civil Defense territorial forces and services, local executive authorities, ministries and departments.
11.3.4. In an accident, depending on the prevailing situation and the accident phase, the following measures should be taken to protect the public from radiation exposure:
- Limiting time for people staying in the open air (temporary hiding people in houses and protective shelters);
- Sealing of residential and business premises at the time of the accident;
- Iodine prophylaxis;
- Respiratory and skin protection;
- Public evacuation;
- Controlling access to contaminated areas, restricting movement of motor cars through the contaminated territories;
- Sanitization of individuals in case their skin or clothes are contaminated;
- Medical aid;
- Primary cleaning of food products contaminated with radioactive substances (washing, removing the surface layer, etc.);
- Exclusion or limitation of consumption of contaminated food (especially milk and other local products);
- Resettlement;
- Decontamination of polluted areas.
11.3.5. The need for and scope of these activities are determined in each case on the basis of the analysis of data on the initial events and the development of the accident, rapid assessment of the possible radiological consequences of the emergency release and the results of measurement of the real environment in the contaminated area.