METRO EAST EDUCATION DISTRICT
HISTORY PAPER 1
GRADE 12
JUNE EXAMINATION 2015
MEMORANDUM
MARKING GUIDELINE HISTORY PAPER 1 JUNE 2015
SECTION A – SOURCE-BASED SECTION
______
QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE BERLIN BLOCKADE INTENSIFY THE COLD
WAR BETWEEN THE SOVIET UNION AND UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA?
1.1
1.1.1 [Extraction of information from Source 1A – L1]
· Soviet Union
· Russia
· USSR (any 1x1) (1)
1.1.2 [Interpretation of information from Source 1A – L2]
· The stipulations of the Yalta Conference decided to divide Germany amongst the Western Powers and the Soviet Union
· Germany was divided into two separate countries
· West Germany become capitalist under the leadership of the Western Powers
· East Germany became communist under the leadership of the Soviet Union
· Berlin was also divided between Western powers and the Soviet Union
· Berlin was situated in East Germany
· Both the Soviet Union and the Western Powers tried to spread their sphere of influence in Germany
· Any other relevant response (any 2x2) (4)
1.1.3 [Explanation of historical concepts from Source 1A – L1]
(a)
· Creation of a classless society
· Any other relevant response (any 1x2) (2)
(b)
· A system of government by the whole population
· Any other relevant response (any 1x2) (2)
1.1.4 [Extraction of information from Source 1A – L1]
· Airlift (1x1) (1)
1.1.5 [Explaining the limitations of Source 1A – L3]
· The source only contains the views of an American official with regard to providing supplies to Berliners during the blockade
· The source is biased towards the Soviet Union
· The views Soviet Union are absent with regard to providing supplies to Berliners during the blockade
· Any other relevant response (any 2x2) (4)
1.2
1.2.1 [Interpretation of information from a visual Source 1B – L2]
· To show how the Western Powers implemented the Berlin airlift
· To show how the Western Powers provide supplies to West Berliners
· To show how the Western Powers overcame the Berlin blockade
· Any other relevant response (any 1x2) (2)
1.2.2 [Interpretation of information from a visual Source 1B – L2]
AGREE
· The airlift was important to provide the West Berliners with essentials
· The airlift was important to prevent the West Berliners from starving
· The airlift was import the show that the US would not give into the demands of the Soviet Union to vacate West Berlin
· The airlift was important to show to the West Berliners that the Western Powers are determined not to abandon them to communism
· The airlift was important to keep capitalism ‘alive’ in West Berlin
· Any other relevant response
OR
DO NOT AGREE
· The airlift was a dangerous to undertake as more than 60 pilots died during this operation
· The Western Powers should have withdrawn from West Berlin as this could have lessen the Cold War tensions
· The Soviet Union was capable to supply the whole of Berlin with essentials
· Any other relevant response (any 2x2) (4)
1.2.3 [Comparing of information from Source 1A with 1B – L3]
· Source 1A – Bingham suggest an airlift to supply the West Berliners with essentials.
Source 1B – it show how West Berliners are supplied with essentials
· Source 1A – Bingham suggest that the Western Powers must not abandon the West Berliners
Source 1B – The Source suggest that the Western Powers did not abandon the West Berliners
· Any other relevant response
(NB! Compare 2 sources = 2 marks/ One source = 1 mark) (2 x 2) (4)
1.3 [Interpretation of information from Source 1C – L2]
1.3.1
· Stalin (1x2) (2)
1.3.2 [Extraction of information from Source 1C – L1]
· Coal
· Food (2x1) (2)
1.3.3 [Interpretation of information from Source 1C – L2]
· The Soviet Union could have started a nuclear war with the Western Powers
· The Soviet Union would have been seen as the aggressors’
· He is shocked
· Any other relevant response (any 2x2) (2)
1.4
1.4.1 [Explaining of information from Source 1D– L2]
· The introduction of a special currency for West Berlin without consulting the Soviet Union
· The Western Powers policy of separation of Germany
· Any other relevant response (any 1x2) (2)
1.4.2 [Interpretation of information from Source 1D – L2]
· Blocking of all roads leading to West Berlin
· Trains were not allowed to enter East Berlin
· All canal routes leading to West Berlin were blocked
· Any other relevant response (any 2x2) (4)
1.4.3 [Explaining the usefulness of Source 1D –L3]
· The source is useful because Payyushkin as Soviet ambassador expresses official views on the reasons for the blockade
· The source is useful because Payyushkin gives insight to the manner on how Western Powers dealt with crisis in Berlin
· The letter is dated an indicates that it was written during the crisis in Berlin
· The letter is an official response to the manner in which the Western Powers dealt with the crisis
· It is a primary source because ......
· Any other relevant response (any 2x2) (4)
1.5 [Interpretation and evaluation of evidence from Sources 2A to 2D – L3]
· West Berlin was cut off from Western Europe
· West Berliners could not get to work, visit family
· The decision to airlift supplies to West Berlin was dangerous as it could have led to war
· The blockade increased the militarisation of Berlin by both the Soviet Union and the US
· The blockade increased the tension between East and West
· The blockade led to the establishment of military organisations (NATO) and (Warschu)
· Any other relevant response
Use the following rubric to assess the paragraph
LEVEL 1 / · Uses evidence in an elementary manner and cannot explain how blockade intensified Cold War tensions between the Soviet Union and US.· Uses evidence partially to report on the topic or cannot report on the topic. / Marks: 0 – 2
LEVEL 2 / · Evidence is mostly relevant and can explain how blockade intensified Cold War tensions between the Soviet Union and US.
· Uses evidence in a very basic manner / Marks: 3 – 5
LEVEL 3 / · Uses relevant evidence that demonstrates a thorough understanding and can explain how blockade intensified Cold War tensions between the Soviet Union and US.
· Uses evidence very effectively in an organise paragraph that shows an understanding of the topic. / Marks: 6 – 8
(8)
[50]
QUESTION 2 :WHY DID CUBA BECOME INVOLVED IN THE ANGOLAN CIVIL WAR?
2.1
2.1.1 [Extraction of evidence from Source 2A – L1]
· Expansionist (colonising) aims
· The Soviet Union ordered Cuba into Angola (Soviet ‘puppet’) (2 x 1) (2)
2.1.2 [Extraction of evidence from Source 2A – L1]
· Cuba is too small to think about expanding into Africa
· Cuba has taken nothing from Angola except its dead soldiers
· Cuba went to Angola in response to a request for support from Neto (leader of the MPLA government)
· Angola did not consult the Soviet Union before sending troops to Angola
(any 3 x 1) (3)
2.1.3 [Extraction of evidence from Source 2A – L1]
· Agostinho Neto (1 x 1) (1)
2.1.3 [Explanation of evidence in Source 2A – L2]
· The Soviet Union supported Cuban troops with logistics
· The Cubans had weapons but relied on the Soviets for ammunition
· The Soviet Union provided additional weapons to Cuba as their war effort expanded
· Both Cuba and the Soviet Union were supporting the MPLA in their struggle (against UNITA / South Africa - ‘racism’ and ‘colonialism’)
· Any other relevant answer (any 2 x 2) (4)
2.2
2.2.1 [Extraction of evidence from Source 2B – L1]
· Many of the Cuban people were descended from slaves who were stolen from Africa. (1 x 2) (2)
2.2.2 [Extraction of evidence from Source 2A – L1]
· South Africa
· United States (Yankees) (2 x 1) (2)
2.2.3 [Interpretation of evidence in Source 2A – L2]
· The Angolan government was under attack from South Africa troops in 1975
2.3
2.3.1 [Interpretation of evidence in Source 2C – L2]
· It implies that the Soviet Union is more powerful than Cuba (as an adult tiger is stronger and more powerful that her cub),
· Cuba is not acting as an independent nation, the Soviets are in control (as a mother controls her cub).
· Any other relevant answer (any 2 x 2) (4)
2.3.2 [Extraction of evidence from Source 2C – L1]
· The fact that 10-13 thousand Cuban troops are stationed in Angola which Vorster believes will influence Angolan government policy. (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.3 [Interpretation of evidence in Source 2C – L2]
· He believed that once the MPLA had consolidated power, the Cubans would attempt to destabilise southern Africa.
· Vorster believed that the Cubans wanted to spread Communism through southern Africa.
· He believed that South Africa / southern tip of Africa was of strategic importance to the communists in their plan to dominate the world.
· The Cape sea route was important for Europeans so the Soviets would be in a strong position if they could take control this trade route
· South Africa had raw materials which would be valuable to the Soviets in a conventional war.
2.4 [Explanation of different perspective in Sources 2B and Sources 2C – L3]
· Source 2B is written by Castro the Cuban leader, 2C is written by Vorster the South African leader - they were fighting on different sides in the Angolan civil war.
· Castro (Source 2B) believed that South Africa was attempting to take control of Angola and spread their racist policies (apartheid); whereas Vorster (Source 2C) believed that Castro was attempting to take control of Southern Africa and spread communism
· Both leaders need to justify to their people why their countries are involved in a war in Angola.
· The two leaders had very different ideological viewpoints
· Any other relevant answer. (any 2 x 2) (4)
2.5
2.5.1 [Extract evidence from Source 2D – L1]
· The hand represents the Soviet Union - The hammer and sickle on the ring is from the Soviet Union flag
2.5.2 [Interpretation of evidence in Source 2D – L2]
· Cuba and the Soviets are a negative /damaging force in Africa – they are shown using Africa as an ashtray
· The Soviets are controlling Cuban involvement in Africa – Soviet hand holding Cuban cigar
· Cuba is the one being ‘burnt’ (cigar) ie suffering the brunt of the war through casualties and costs
· Any other relevant answer (any 2 x 2) (4)
2.5.3 [Engage with question of historical usefulness in Source 2D – L2]
· The cartoon is directly relevant to the research topic as it contains references to Cuba and Angola and was printed in 1975, the year the Angolan Civil War broke out.
· The cartoon provides a perspective from one of the countries involved in the war (South Africa) in 1975
· The cartoon suggests that the Soviet Union were controlling Cuba and directing their involvement in Cuba – the historian would then investigate to see if there was corroborating evidence to support this idea
· The cartoon provides insight into the South Africa government’s explanation for Cuban involvement in Angola
· The researcher would identify the cartoon as biased and would need to look for other sources with different viewpoints (eg to give the Cuban or Soviet view of events)
· Any other relevant answer (any 2 x 2) (4)
2.6 [Interpretation, analysis and synthesis of evidence from sources and using own knowledge to evaluate their usefulness – L3]
Learners need to include some of the following points in their answer:
· Cuba aimed to colonise Angola – Castro denies this saying that Cuba is far too small a country to be able to expand into Angola. (Source 2A)
· Cuba was in Angola under Soviet command and control – Castro claims that the Cubans went into Angola without informing the Soviets (Source 2A and 2D)
· Cuba was using Angola as a base from which to spread communism in Southern Africa - Castro does say that they are supporting the MPLA (a Marxist-Leninist/ socialist party) but Castro says that his troops will be withdrawn when they are no longer needed (Source 2A)
· Cuba wanted to extract mineral wealth from Angola – Cuba claims that all they have ever taken from Angola are the bodies of Cuban soldiers (Source 2A)
· Cuba wanted to destroy Apartheid South Africa – Castro claims that Cuba wanted to defend Angola from being attacked by South Africa
· Castro claims that Cuba is in Angola to defend the MPLA government as part of Cuba’s internationalist mission to support peoples fighting against colonialism
· Castro argues that many Cubans are descended from Africans who were sold into slavery – therefore they have a duty to defend their ‘brothers and sisters’.
· Any other relevant answer
Use the following rubric to allocate a mark:
LEVEL 1 / • Uses evidence in an elementary manner e.g. shows no or little understanding of the different reasons given to explain Cuban involvement in Angola.• Uses evidence partially to report on topic or cannot report on topic. / MARKS
0–2
LEVEL2 / • Evidence is mostly relevant and relates to a great extent to the topic e.g. shows an understanding the different reasons given to explain Cuban involvement in Angola. • Uses evidence in a basic manner. / MARKS
3–5
LEVEL 3 / • Uses relevant evidence e.g. shows a thorough understanding of the different reasons given to explain Cuban involvement in Angola.
• Evidence relates well to the topic
· Uses evidence very effectively in an organized paragraph that shows understanding of the topic. / MARKS
6-8
(8)
[50]
QUESTION 3: WAS THE INTEGRATION OF CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL IN LITTLE ROCK A VICTORY FOR THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN 1957?