Math Vocabulary by grade level
Grade 2
expanded notation
hundreds place
tens place
ones place
base ten blocks
digit
numeral
standard notation
equivalent
before
after
less
more
part
whole
greatest
least
fraction
fair shares
equal shares
left over
remainder
sum
difference
estimate
region
set
halves
thirds
fourths
height
length
width
distance
hour hand
minute hand
multiples of 5
counting by 5’s
analog clock
digital clock
quarter ‘til
quarter after
half past
quarter hour
half hour
angles
sides
faces
surfaces
symmetry
line of symmetry
equal measure
horizontal
vertical
interval
line plot
multiples
skip counting
half
chance
certain
impossible
possible
likely
unlikely
pattern unit
ordinal numbers
number sentence
equation
number model
Grade 3
expanded form/notation
standard form/notation
picture form/notation
word form/notation
thousands place
hundreds place
tens place
ones place
base ten blocks
compose
decompose
add
sum
subtract
difference
multiply
product
divide
quotient
sum
difference
divisor
dividend
form
factor
estimate
least
greatest
comparing
less than
4 < 5
less than or equal to
4 ≤5
greater than
5 > 4
greater than or equal to
5 ≥ 4
equal to
5 = 5
matrices
ounces
pounds
addend
dollars
cents
array
pattern
multiples
skip count
groups of repeatedaddition
share quality
division
repeated subtraction
parts of a group
parts of a whole
remainder
leftover
fairshare
numerator
denominator
equal portions
regions
proportional
whole unit
relationship
order
equivalent
parentheses
mixed number
proper/improper fractions
whole number
measure
hours
minutes
seconds
quarter
before/after
til/until/after/past
earlier/later
half past
half-hour
AM/PM
reasonable
afternoon/morning
days of the week
months
year
seasons
intervals
elapsed
convert
liters
cups
pints
quarts
gallons
metric
centimeter
meter
kilometer
linear
inches
feet
yards
miles
greaterthan/less than
longer/shorter
most/least
smallest/greatest
heaviest/lightest
heft (pick up)
thick/thinner
increasing/decreasing
least/greatest
appropriate units
customary
standard
non-standard
ruler
trundle wheel
yard stick
meter stick
tape measure
height
length
width/wide
ounces
pounds
Grade 3 (cont.)
grams
kilograms
scale
balance
weight
thermometer
Fahrenheit
Celsius
degrees (°)
room temperature
boiling point
freezing point
body temperature
rising/falling
appropriate
increments
outside/inside
shapes
angle
point
line
plane
plane figures
polygon
grid
path
triangle
solid figures
polyhedron/solid/3d
sphere
cube
prism
cylinder
cone
square
rectangle
trapezoid
parallelogram
rhombus
quadrilateral
pentagon
decagon
hexagon
octagon
prism
edges
faces
pentagonal
hexagonal
octagonal
decagonal
pentagonal prism
octagonal prism
decagonal prism
regular/irregular
compare
describe
attributes
flat
round
smooth
top/bottom/base
corner/vertex/vertices
side
long/short
straight/curved
length/width
like/unlike
over/under
face
edge
above/below
between
symmetric
symmetry
line of symmetry
congruent
surface
endpoints
line segment
parallel
ray
smaller than/acute
greater than/obtuse
square corner/right angle
coordinate
axis
up
down
right
left
east
west
north
south
pictograph
line plot
tallies
Venn diagrams
survey
list
possible outcomes
predictions
outcomes
possible
impossible
likely
unlikely
equally likely
certain
uncertain
favorable
equally
chance
less often
more often
unknown
symbol
Grade 4
number word
decimal notation
expanded notation
expanded form
standard notation/form
ten thousands place
thousands place
hundreds place
tens place
ones place
tenths place
hundredths place
hundreds board
base ten blocks
compose
decompose
distribute
multiply
divide
product
quotient
sum
difference
form
factor
multiple
fraction
decimal fraction
denominator
numerator
mixed numbers
round trip
dividend
divisor
remainder
matrices
place value
dollars
cents
about
approximately
estimate
Comparing
less than
4 < 5
less than or equal to
5 < 4
greater than
5 > 4
greater than or equal to
5 > 4
equal to
5 = 5
arrays
fact
share, equal shares
part to whole
fraction bar
equivalent
like/unlike
patterns
calendar, number of days in a month
regular polygon
parallelogram
trapezoid
square
rectangle
pentagon
hexagon
triangle
octagon
decagon
rhombus
quadrilateral
side
angle
vertex, vertices
line segment
line
ray
square units
units
length
width
dimensions
x – axis
y – axis
origin
quadrant
ordered pairs
Grade 4 (cont.)
diagonals
square corner
right angle
intersecting
equal distance
non-intersecting
pre-image
image
reflect
flip
translate
slide
shift
move
rotate
turn
A, A’
polygon
clockwise
vertical
horizontal
90º
circle graph
line graph
bar graph
chart
tally
table
Venn diagram
pictograph
line plot
trend
continuous data
columns
rows
axis
labels
title
intervals
range of data
scale
median
mode
range
ordered set of data
center/middle
least/greatest
most repeated
function machines
square numbers
fractional pattern
triangular numbers
rate
ratio
proportion
ounces = oz
Grade 5
expanded notation
hundred thousands place
ten thousands place
hundreds place
tens place
ones place
tenths place
hundredths place
thousandths place
fraction
numerator
denominator
rational number
about
approximately
equivalent
make a list
draw a picture
guess and check
equation
pattern
liter
centimeter
meter
kilometer
Celsius
Fahrenheit
degree
quart
gallon
pint
miles
inches
feet
yards
pounds
ounces
protractor
acute
right
obtuse
straight
supplementary
complementary
scalene
isosceles
equilateral
triangle
rectangle
square
rhombus
quadrilateral
trapezoid
parallelogram
pentagon
hexagon
octagon
decagon
dodecagon
regular polygon
concave
convex
line
line segment
ray
angle
vertex
adjacent
diagonal
line of symmetry
side
congruent
angle measure
median
midpoint
mode
range
line plot
circle graph
pictograph
line graph
tallies
bar graph
frequency
tables
variable
less than
more than
at most
the least
equivalent
less than
more than
Grade 6
additive inverse
opposites
negation
integers
number line
equal
less than or equal to ≤
greater than or equal to ≥
compound inequality
(ex. a < b < c)
ascending order
descending order
rounding
place value
benchmark values
part/whole
ratio
proportion
cross product
hundred grid
circle graph
fractions
decimals
percents
common denominator
least common denominator
multiple
least common multiple LCM
factor
numerator
denominator
improper fraction
mixed number
simplify fraction
products
greatest common factor
like/unlike denominators
sum
difference
product
quotient
inverse operation
multiplicative inverse
exponent
base
Grade 6, cont.
power
perfect square
square root
square
cube
cube root
factor tree
divisibility rules
prime number
composite number
place value
standard form
powers of ten
order of operations
guess and test
make a table/chart/graph
make a diagram/picture
make an organized list
work backwards
work a simpler problem
find a pattern
extraneous information
protractor
degree
vertex
acute angle
obtuse angle
right angle
complementary angles
supplementary angles
balanced scale
metric system
meters, centimeters
kilometers
liters
grams, kilograms
customary system
feet
inches
yards
miles
cups
pints
quarts
gallons
ounces
pounds
square units
height
altitude
pi
radius
diameter
circle
polygon
triangle
quadrilateral
pentagon
hexagon
heptagon
octagon
nonagon
decagon
transversal
interior
exterior
interior angles
exterior angles
parallel
perpendicular
reflection (flip)
translation (slide)
rotation (turn)
line of reflection
center of rotation
angle of rotation
pre-image
image
x-axis
y-axis
quadrants
Quadrant I
1st Quadrant
Quadrant II
2nd Quadrant
Quadrant III
3rd Quadrant
Quadrant IV
4th Quadrant
clockwise
counterclockwise
∆ABC → ∆DEF
∆ABC → ∆A’B’C’
A→∆A’
(x,y) →(x+a,y+b)
(x,y) →(x’,y’)
(x’,y’) = (x+a,y+b)
mirrors
patty paper
area
perimeter
pi (π)
radius
diameter
circle
vertex
transversal
interior
exterior
sample space
outcomes
favorable outcomes
possible outcomes
geometric probability
experimental results
sample space
tree diagrams
organized lists
Fundamental Counting Principle
theoretical probability
random sample
biased sample
term
like terms
combining like terms
rules of exponents
multiplicative identity
additive identity
multiplicative inverse
additive inverse
grouping symbols
parentheses
brackets
braces
variable
equivalent expressions
order of operations
distributive property
equivalent ratio
Grade 7
cross product
equivalence
equivalent ratios
rate
unit rate
percent
percent of change
percent of increase
percent of decrease
wholesale
retail
circle graphs
absolute value
integers
rational numbers
inverse operations
absolute value
proper fraction
improper fraction
mixed number
terminating decimal
repeating decimal
inverses/opposites
reciprocal
inverse operations
factors
multiples
least common multiple
greatest common factor
prime number
composite number
prime factorization
markup
selling price
taxes
sales tax
commission
discount
regular price
sale price
interest
investment
guess and test
make a table/chart/graph
make a diagram/picture
make an organized list
work backwards
find a pattern
work a simpler problem
extraneous information
proportion
ratio
similarity
dilation
scale factor
enlargement
reduction
projection point
polyhedron
triangular prism
rectangular prism
cube
pentagonal prism
hexagonal prism
length, width, height
base
face
lateral face
lateral area
radius
Grade 7, cont.
diameter
circumference
density
space figure
solid
prism
pyramid, cylinder, cone, sphere
net
isometric view
bird’s eye view
isometric dot paper
linking cubes
corresponding parts
corresponding sides
corresponding angles
congruence symbol
symbol for similarity ~
cross product
indirect measurement
transformation
box-and-whisker plot
quartile
lower quartile
middle quartile/median
upper quartile
minimum value
maximum value
outlier
range
interquartile range
frequency table
interval
measure of central tendency
mean
median
mode
range
box plot
histogram
stem-and-leaf plot
variable
evaluate
independent
dependent
order of operations
simplify
like terms
substitution
domain
input, output
combining like terms
equivalent expressions
coefficient
variable
exponents
rules of exponents
multiplicative identity
additive identity
multiplicative inverse
additive inverse
grouping symbols
order of operations
parentheses
brackets
braces
notations for multiplication:
a x b
a • b
a(b)
less than <
greater than >
less than or equal to ≤
greater than or equal to ≤
transform
Grade 8
radical
terminating decimal
repeating decimal
non-terminating
non-repeating
pi(π)
square root
perfect square
cube root
compound inequality
(ex. a < b < c)
ascending order
descending order
rounding
place value
benchmark values
guess and test
make a table/chart/graph
make a diagram/picture
make an organized list
work backwards
work a simpler problem
find a pattern
extraneous information
base
height
radius
diameter
circumference
polygon
prism, cube, cylinder
similar figures
corresponding parts
ratio
proportion
scale drawings
Pythagorean theorem
right triangle
hypotenuse
leg
Pythagorean triple
geometric probability
area
volume
cylinder
cube
complementary angles
supplementary angles
perimeter, area
convex
square
square root
irrational number
transformation
enlargement
reduction
shrink
stretch
scaling
scale factor
image
pre-image
notation:
∆ABC ∆DEF
∆ABC ∆A’B’C’
A A’
(x, y) (x’, y’)
(x’, y’) (ax, ay)
similarity
coordinate plane
scatter plot
dependent variable
independent variable
trend line
line of best fit
trend/correlation
positive correlation
negative correlation
no correlation
y-intercept
x-intercept
ordered pair
slope (rate of change)
measures of central tendency: mean, median, mode
range
outlier
sample
random sample
representative sample
biased sample
scale
input, output
relation
function
function table
function rule
function notation
domain, range
solution
variable
coefficient
equation
intercepts, slope
slope-intercept form
f(x) = ax + b
point-slope form
y - y1 = a(x – x1)
standard form
ax + by = c
properties of equality
commutative property
associative property
distributive property
identities
additive inverse
multiplicative inverse
graph
linear function
non-linear function
increasing
decreasing
parallel lines
intersecting lines
perpendicular lines
collinear points
use of formulas
radical expression