Long IslandSouthShore
Description: The south shore of Long Island contains extensive feeding and roosting habitat for nearly thirty species of migrating, breeding and wintering shorebirds. The NY DOS designated the large complex of shallow, interconnected bays and barrier islands within this region as the South Shore Estuary Reserve. The area extends about 75 miles from the Queens/Nassau County line to thevillage of Southampton in SuffolkCounty. Shorebirds rely on a mosaic of shallow coastal wetlands and adjacent habitats, foraging on marine and estuarine beaches, mud and sand flats, salt marshes and grasslands, while roosting in salt marshes, sand flats, beaches above the tide line and sparsely vegetated islands free of predators.
The barrier islands of Long Island south shore support sand beaches on the oceanfront and salt marsh on the bay side. In general, the western half of the south shore is more heavily developed than the eastern half; there is urban development on Long Beach and recreational development on Jones Beach (Jones Beach State Park) and the west end of Fire Island (Robert Moses State Park). Although the majority of Fire Island falls within the Fire Island National Seashore, there are private holdings within the seashore. Further east towards the Hamptons, private homes dot the barrier beaches.
Ownership is a mix of private, municipal, state and federal properties. Federal property includes: Fire Island National Seashore, a unit of the National Park Service, Lido Beach Wildlife Management Area and Wertheim NWR, which are units of the Long Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex. State parks within the south shore include JonesBeachState Park, RobertMosesState Park, GilgoBeachState Park and CaptreeState Park.
To date, no systematic assessment of shorebird use on the Long Island south shore has been made. In 1997 the USFWS held a workshop to solicit information from biologists, local birders and naturalists. Important shorebird areas have also been identified by the ISS, Audubon NY Important Bird Areas (IBA) program, and the shorebird technical report of 2001: Long Island South Shore Estuary Reserve (SSER) Comprehensive Management Plan.
The ISS documented significant numbers of shorebirds using the west end of JonesBeach and the eastern portion of JonesIsland. These sites are included in Audubon NY IBA and SSER shorebird technical report. The IBA identifies two areas: West HempsteadBay to Jones Beach West and Captree Island Vicinity. Consensus from the 1997 workshop was that the entire complex from the western end of West HempsteadBay to Captree Point in Great South Bay is important for shorebirds. This area is glossed as the Western Bays Complex in the SSER technical report. Other areas identified by the IBA and SSER technical report include: Carmans River Marshes, MorichesBay and Inlet, and Dune Road Marsh / ShinnecockBay and Inlet.
While there is relatively little shorebird information from the south shore, data sets that do exist from ISS records and anecdotal reports suggest that it should be designated as a WHSRN site of regional importance. Disturbance at feeding and roosting sites, urban development and resulting loss/degradation of habitat pose large threats to shorebirds in this area.
According to Mike Wasilco of the NYS DEC, Department of Environmental Conservation, the south shore has no formal surveys underway for shorebirds except for Piping Plovers and American Oystercatchers. He is not aware of any action being taken regarding the South Shore Estuary Reserve Comprehensive Management Plan. Among the technical report’s preliminary recommendations is that shorebird surveys of the western bays, Moriches and Shinnecock bays be implemented to allow for complete coverage of the area.
Survey Method: Undetermined.
Selection Bias: Unknown.
Measurement error: Unknown.
Measurement bias: Unknown.
Pilot Studies: Aerial survey of the south shore of Long Island to identify and map Type 1 and Type 2 habitat for organized surveys.
Local Contacts: Mike Wasilco, NYS DEC
CarmansRiver Marshes
Description: The CarmansRiver on the south shore of Long Island is a New YorkState designated Wild and ScenicRiver. Undeveloped tidal wetlands occur along the river's margins and the uplands are composed of oak and pine barrens. The core, protected portion of the area is the 2,400-acre Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge. About 800 acres of high salt marsh are found at the mouth of the river. These marshes are used year round by a variety of shorebirds. The most common species in decreasing order of abundance are: LESA, WILL, BBPL, SAND, SBDO, GRYE, SEPL, and SPSA.
Survey Method: Undetermined.
Selection Bias: Unknown.
Measurement error: Unknown.
Measurement bias: Unknown.
Pilot Studies: Pilot studies may be needed to determine appropriate survey method.
Local Contacts: Mike Wasilco, NY DEC