Name Date Class
LESSON 11-3
Phylum Chordata
A.Characteristics of Vertebrates
1.All vertebrates have a(n) , also called a spinal column or spine.
2.Bones that form a backbone are called .
3.All vertebrates have digestive systems with ____ openings, circulatory systems that move ______through the body, and nervous systems that include _____ .
Coldblooded Vertebrates (Ectotherms)
B.Fish
1.Fish have two important characteristics in common:
that absorb oxygen gas from water and paired that aid in swimming.
2.Hagfish and lampreys lack and are in a group called ______fish.
3.Sharks, skates, and rays are fish.
4.Jawless and cartilaginous fish have internal structures made of ______.
5.Trout, guppies, perch, tuna, mackerel, and thousands of other species have______and are grouped together as ______fish.
C.Amphibians(“Double Life”)
1.Frogs, toads, and salamanders belong to the class .
2.Young amphibians (tadpoles) live in water and have gills and fins. Through ______, most adults develop ______and ______and live on land, but remain near water.
3.Amphibians lay ______in ______. These eggs do not have hard protective coverings, or ______.
4. Amphibians have ______skin and can take oxygen and water directly through their ______.
D.Reptiles
1.Lizards, ______, turtles, crocodiles, and alligators belong to the class ______.
2.All reptiles have skin that is covered in ______.
3.Like amphibians, most reptiles have three-chambered .
4.Unlike amphibians, lizards and other reptiles have ______throughout their lives.
5.Most reptiles lay fluid-filled ______with ______shells.
Warmblooded Vertebrates (Endotherms)
E.Birds
1.All birds are in the class .
2.Many birds can, and they have stiff______that enable them to move through the air.
3.Birds have and do not chew their food; instead, their digestive systems include , which are organs that help grind food into smaller pieces.
4.Birds lay fluid-filled with hard shells and feed and care for their ______.
5. Birds have many characteristics in common with reptiles and are thought to be descendants of ______.
6. Birds have many ______for flight.
a.High ______to get energy to fly.
b. Eat large amounts of ______in proportion to body weight.
c. Large ______.
d. Air sacs- increases amount of ______taken in.
e. Rapid ______rate- muscles get more oxygen from blood.
f. Hollow ______make them lightweight
g. Powerful flight ______attached to a keel.
F.Mammals
1.All mammals have hair or covering their bodies.
2.glands produce milk that feeds young mammals.
3.Mammals are grouped according to how their ______develop.
a. Placental mammals give birth to completely developed ______young.
Examples: ______
b.Monotremes lay ______.
Examples: ______
c. Marsupials give birth to live young that complete development in a ______.
Examples: ______
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