Grade 7 – Quarter 3

1

Grade 7 –Quarter 4

quarter 4

unit 1

lesson 1: How do matter and energy

move through earth's surface?

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.Each layer of the geosphere has a different composition. What element makes up most of Earth’s crust?

  1. Iron

  1. Nickel

  1. Oxygen

  1. aluminum

2.What is the composition of Earth’s atmosphere?

  1. 78% nitrogen and 22% water vapor

  1. 78% oxygen and 22% carbon dioxide

  1. 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases

  1. 78% oxygen, 21% carbon dioxide, and 1% other gases

3. The continent of Antarctica is covered with an ice sheet. Which part of the Earth system includes the ice sheet?

  1. biosphere

  1. cryosphere

  1. atmosphere

  1. hydrosphere

4.The picture below shows the layers of the geosphere.

What is the order of the layers of the geosphere when starting from Earth’s surface and moving inward?

  1. crust, mantle, core

  1. core, mantle, crust

  1. mantle, core, atmosphere

  1. atmosphere, crust, mantle

5.The whooping crane is one of the most endangered birds on Earth. Where is the oxygen that whooping cranes breathe located?

  1. in the biosphere

  1. in the geosphere

  1. in the atmosphere

  1. in the hydrosphere

6.Wetlands support many plants, animals, and microscopic organisms. Which part of the Earth system includes the water in wetlands?

  1. the geosphere

  1. the cryosphere

  1. the atmosphere

  1. the hydrosphere

7.Ships encounter surface currents and waves as they travel across the ocean. Surface currents and waves form when energy from the sun causes two of Earth’s spheres to interact. Which two spheres interact to produce these waves and currents?

  1. the geosphere and biosphere

  1. the biosphere and hydrosphere

  1. the cryosphere and atmosphere

  1. the atmosphere and hydrosphere

8.Which of these pairs are part of the cryosphere?

  1. rain and snow

  1. glaciers and lakes

  1. permafrost and icebergs

  1. Arctic ice sheet and rainfall

9.The picture below shows the layers of the geosphere.

What is the order of the layers of the geosphere when starting from Earth’s center and moving outward?

  1. core, crust, mantle

  1. core, mantle, crust

  1. mantle, core, atmosphere

  1. atmosphere, crust, mantle

11.What is the nitrogen content of Earth’s atmosphere?

  1. 1%

  1. 21%

  1. 78%

  1. 99%

12.Earth has both fresh water and saltwater. About how much of Earth’s water is fresh water?

  1. 3%

  1. 15%

  1. 67%

  1. 97%

13.Which of these answers describes Earth’s atmosphere?

  1. all living and once-living things

  1. the mixture of gases that surrounds Earth

  1. a mixture of nickel and iron below the mantle

  1. all the salt and fresh liquid water on Earth’s surface

ESSAY

1.List Earth’s spheres that contain water, and identify one way that water is stored in each.

______

______

______

______

OTHER

1.The ______is the part of the Earth where life exists and extends from the deep ocean floors up into the lower atmosphere.

unit 1

lesson 2: weathering

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What can cause granite to break down into soil over time?

  1. heat from magma

  1. burrowing organisms

  1. pressure underground

  1. exposure to plant acids

2.Which of the following typically results from abrasion of a rock?

  1. a change in size

  1. deposition of sediment

  1. a different surface color

  1. movement to a new location

3.The graph shows the average acidity of precipitation for various locations in the United States in 2007. The lower the pH value is for a substance, the more acidic that substance is.

Based on the data in the graph, if each state had about the same amount of precipitation in 2007, which state would have had the highest rate of chemical weathering?

  1. Texas (TX)

  1. California (CA)

  1. New York (NY)

  1. Washington (WA)

4. What happens to a rock when it is weathered?

  1. It is broken into smaller pieces.

  1. It is moved by wind, air, or water.

  1. It is built up as material is deposited.

  1. It is changed into another type of rock.

5.What can cause granite to break down into soil over time?

  1. rain and wind

  1. sand deposition

  1. heat from magma

  1. pressure underground

6.Which is a cause of physical weathering, but not of chemical weathering?

  1. air

  1. wind

  1. acids

  1. water

7.Which are the main causes of crack growth in rocks over time?

  1. plant roots and ice wedging

  1. ice wedging and wind abrasion

  1. animal burrowing and plant roots

  1. animal burrowing and wind abrasion

8.Gopher tortoises live on dry land. They live in large holes that they dig in the soil. How does the behavior of the gopher tortoise cause physical weathering?

  1. It loosens the soil, allowing more water to reach the rocks underground.

  1. It erodes the soil by moving it from underneath the ground to above ground.

  1. It moves rocks above ground, where they are exposed to more water and wind.

  1. It causes exfoliation of the rocks as the tortoise breaks the rocks into smaller pieces.

9.Zora puts the two pebbles shown in a rock tumbler. The tumbler spins so the rocks bump against each other. When she takes the pebbles out, she discovers that pebble 1 had more abrasion than pebble 2.

What can she conclude about the pebbles?

  1. Pebble 2 is softer than pebble 1.

  1. Pebble 2 is harder than pebble 1.

  1. Pebble 2 is less reactive than pebble 1.

  1. Pebble 2 is more reactive than pebble 1.

10.Which is an example of abrasion of a rock?

  1. a color change due to exposure to air

  1. a shape change due to exposure to wind

  1. a hole forming due to a reaction with water

  1. a layer falling off due to a lessening of pressure

11.The graph shows the average acidity for various locations in the United States in 2007. The lower the pH value is for a substance, the more acidic that substance is.

If both New York (NY) and Washington (WA) had about the same amount of precipitation in 2007, what can you conclude about the amount of chemical weathering that would have happened in each state?

  1. Neither location will experience much chemical weathering.

  1. The amount of chemical weathering should be about the same.

  1. The chemical weathering will be greater in Washington than in New York.

  1. The chemical weathering will be greater in New York than in Washington.

12.Which is a cause of chemical weathering?

  1. ice

  1. wind

  1. oxygen

  1. gravity

13.Leaves release acids into the soil as they decay. How could the decaying leaves affect the rocks in the soil underneath them?

  1. They could increase the amount of physical weathering.

  1. They could decrease the amount of physical weathering.

  1. They could increase the amount of chemical weathering.

  1. They could decrease the amount of chemical weathering.

14.What often happens to rocks that undergo chemical weathering?

  1. They form crystals.

  1. They produce acids.

  1. They become stronger.

  1. They crumble more easily.

15.What are two processes that result in rocks being broken down into smaller pieces?

  1. sedimentation and glacial melting

  1. chemical weathering and physical weathering

  1. chemical weathering and dissolving

  1. physical weathering and precipitation

16. Write the causes of both physical and chemical weathering :

physical : chemical :

......

......

......

......

unit 3

lesson 1: Minerals

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.Stalactites and stalagmites are two cone-shaped mineral formations that form in caves. Stalactites hang down from the ceiling, and stalagmites rise up from the cave floor. What causes cave minerals to form in this way?

  1. Molten rock cools and hardens as it reaches Earth’s surface.

  1. Groundwater heated by molten rock reacts with minerals in the rock to form new minerals.

  1. Existing minerals change into new minerals when nearby molten rock causes an increase in temperature.

  1. Groundwater carrying dissolved materials combines with surface water and causes minerals to precipitate out of solution.

2.Minerals make up most of the rocks on Earth's surface. What are three changes that can cause minerals to form by metamorphism?

  1. pressure, temperature, melting

  1. pressure, physical makeup, melting

  1. temperature, melting, physical makeup

  1. temperature, pressure, chemical makeup

3.Minerals make up most of the rocks on Earth's surface. What is the difference between minerals that form from magma and those that form by metamorphism?

  1. Minerals that form from magma change their composition.

  1. Minerals that form from magma change from liquid to solid.

  1. Minerals that form from magma are altered by intense pressure.

  1. Minerals that form from magma are hotter than metamorphosed minerals.

4.What makes native elements different from other nonsilicate minerals?

  1. Native elements contain sulfur compounds.

  1. Native elements contain silicon compounds.

  1. Native elements contain oxygen compounds.

  1. Native elements are composed of only one element.

5.Which properties describe all matter?

  1. having volume and charge

  1. having mass and taking up space

  1. having atoms and taking up space

  1. having molecules and temperature

6.Which of these is a silicate mineral?

  1. gold

  1. mica

  1. halite

  1. oxygen

7.Diamond is a valuable mineral that is made up of carbon atoms arranged in a repeating pattern. This repeating pattern gives diamonds their hardness. Which of these characteristics do diamonds share with all minerals?

  1. extreme hardness

  1. rarity and high cost

  1. orderly crystal structure

  1. made up of carbon atoms

8.The drawing below shows the cleavage of four minerals.

A scientist studies a sample of an unknown mineral. She notices that it can form perfect cubes when it breaks. What kind of mineral could this be?

  1. calcite

  1. fluorite

  1. halite

  1. muscovite

9. These diagrams show the arrangement of silicon and oxygen atoms in two different materials.

What makes the material in diagram A a silicate mineral?

  1. It contains oxygen atoms and atoms of at least one other element.

  1. It is made up of an orderly arrangement of silicon and oxygen atoms.

  1. It is made up of an orderly arrangement of more than one type of atom.

  1. It is made up of silicon and oxygen atoms that have no particular pattern.

10.Phong is examining samples of quartz, feldspar, and mica. What do all of these samples have in common?

  1. They are metals.

  1. They are pure elements.

  1. They are silicate minerals.

  1. They are nonsilicate minerals.

11.The table below lists five classes of nonsilicate minerals.

Class / Description / Example
Carbonates / contain carbon and oxygen compounds / calcite
Halides / contain ions of chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and bromine / halite
Native elements / contain only one type of atom / gold
Oxides / contain oxygen compounds / hematite
Sulfides / contain sulfur compounds / pyrite

There are actually six classes of nonsilicate minerals. Which class is missing from this chart?

  1. feldspars

  1. micas

  1. silicates

  1. sulfates

12. Which one of the following statements about elements, atoms, and compounds is not true?

  1. Elements consist of one type of atom and can combine to form compounds.

  1. Compounds are smaller than atoms.

  1. Elements and compounds form the basis of all materials on Earth.

  1. Atoms cannot be broken down into smaller substances.

ESSAY

1.All chemicals can be classified as elements or compounds. Describe how elements and compounds are different.

______

______

Classify quartz, gold, and diamond as either elements or compounds.

______

______

______

2.All chemicals can be classified as elements or compounds. Describe how elements and compounds are related.

______

______

unit 3

lesson 2: Rock cycle

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Erosion is a process that slowly changes rocks. Which of the following most likely causes pebbles in a stream to erode?

  1. flowing water

  1. force of gravity

  1. movement of ice

  1. freezing and thawing

2.Which physical change takes place when an igneous rock turns into sedimentary rock?

  1. weathering

  1. deformation

  1. pressure increases

  1. temperature decreases

3.Rocks are always a part of the rock cycle, even though they may stay in one part of it for millions of years. Which part of the rock cycle helps form igneous rock, but not other types of rock?

  1. erosion

  1. melting

  1. deposition

  1. metamorphism

4.Rocks are always a part of the rock cycle, even though they may stay in one part of it for millions of years. Which part of the rock cycle helps form sedimentary rock, but not other types of rock?

  1. erosion

  1. melting

  1. subduction

  1. metamorphism

5. Slate is a metamorphic rock that forms from shale, which is a sedimentary rock. Which of the following would be needed for shale to form from slate?

  1. increased heat

  1. increased pressure

  1. erosion and deposition

  1. melting and solidification

6. The diagram shown below shows a rift zone forming between two oceanic plates.

Which of the following correctly describes how the two tectonic plates are moving?

  1. One plate is sinking under the other.

  1. They are moving toward each other.

  1. They are moving away from each other.

  1. One plate is falling and the other is rising.

7.Rainwater can break down rocks by dissolving minerals in the rocks. Acid rain is rainwater that is more acidic than normal rainwater. Acid rain can also dissolve the minerals in rocks faster than normal rainwater can. How does acid rain affect different types of rock?

  1. It causes an equal amount of weathering in all types of rock.

  1. It changes sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic rocks.

  1. It dissolves some rocks faster because of their different compositions.

  1. It causes metamorphic and sedimentary rocks to melt and form igneous rocks.

8.Mountain ranges can be produced when tectonic plates collide and push areas of Earth’s crust to higher elevations. What is the correct term for this process?

  1. uplift

  1. erosion

  1. deposition

  1. subsidence

9.Over time, repeated cycles of heating and cooling can cause a rock to crack. The rock may then break into smaller pieces. What is this process called?

  1. erosion

  1. deposition

  1. subsidence

  1. weathering

10.A volcanic eruption took place about 2 billion years ago and released lava onto Earth’s surface. The lava cooled to form basalt. Which of the following is least likely to have happened to the basalt over this time?

  1. Some of the basalt changed into metamorphic rock.

  1. Some of the basalt melted and became molten rock.

  1. Most of the basalt stayed the same for 2 billion years.

  1. Most of the basalt broke down and became sediment.

11.Which of these phrases defines subsidence?

  1. Earth’s crust rising

  1. Earth’s crust sinking

  1. Earth’s crust shifting sideways

  1. Earth’s crust moving in any direction

12.When a volcano erupts, ash can enter Earth’s atmosphere. Eventually, the ash falls back down to Earth’s surface. Which term describes the falling of volcanic ash to Earth’s surface?

  1. erosion

  1. deposition

  1. subsidence

  1. weathering

13.The flow chart below shows how a metamorphic rock can change into a sedimentary rock.

Which term should replace the question mark?

  1. cooling

  1. melting

  1. deposition

  1. weathering

14.Declan observed a rock that he found at the beach. The rock felt hard, it was yellow, and it appeared to be made of layers. Declan concluded that the rock was sedimentary. Which observation best supports this conclusion?

  1. the yellow color

  1. the hardness of the rock

  1. the layers within the rock

  1. the location where the rock was found

15. Which change of state takes place when magma turns into igneous rock?

  1. gas to solid

  1. solid to gas

  1. solid to liquid

  1. liquid to solid

16.Slate is a metamorphic rock that forms from shale, which is a sedimentary rock. Which of the following would be needed for slate to form from shale?

  1. weathering

  1. heat and pressure

  1. erosion and deposition

  1. melting and solidification

17.Rainwater can break down rocks by dissolving minerals in the rocks. Acid rain is rainwater that is more acidic than normal rainwater. Acid rain can also dissolve the minerals in rocks faster than normal rainwater can. Which statement about acid rain is true?

  1. Acid rain causes less erosion than normal rainwater does.

  1. Acid rain causes more erosion than normal rainwater does.

  1. Acid rain causes less weathering than normal rainwater does.

  1. Acid rain causes more weathering than normal rainwater does.

unit 4

lesson 1: Earth's layers

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.Earth has five layers based on physical properties. The diagram below shows these five layers.

Which letter represents the mesosphere?

  1. B

  1. C

  1. D

  1. E

2.Imagine you could travel in a straight line through Earth from a point on one side and come out on the other side. What compositional layer would you travel through in the exact center of Earth?

  1. core

  1. crust

  1. lithosphere

  1. mesosphere

3-. How is the outer core of Earth different from the inner core?

  1. The outer core is solid, and the inner core is liquid.

  1. The outer core is liquid, and the inner core is solid.

  1. The outer core is made of nickel, and the inner core is made of iron.

  1. The outer core is made of iron, and the inner core is made of nickel.

4. The diagram below shows Earth divided into five layers.

Scientists divide Earth into these layers based on what properties?

  1. core properties

  1. physical properties

  1. chemical properties

  1. atmospheric properties

5.Scientists have identified five physical layers that compose Earth. Which layer is the slow-flowing lower part of the mantle?

  1. outer core

  1. lithosphere

  1. mesosphere

  1. asthenosphere

6.Which compositional layer of Earth is the thinnest?

  1. the crust

  1. the mantle

  1. the inner core

  1. the outer core

7.Evelyn is making a model of Earth to show how the physical layers correspond to the compositional layers. Which of the following should Evelyn show in her model?