KEY STAGE 3 PE THEORY REVISION

BLOCK 1 - FITNESS

Functions (jobs) of the Skeleton

  1. Protection–protects major organs in the body

(eg; cranium protects the brain)

  1. Shape- gives shape to the body and makes you tall or short.
  1. Support- holds your vital organs in place when playing sport. (eg; the vertebral column holds the body upright)
  1. Movement- muscles are attached to bones. When the muscles contract the bones move.
  1. Blood production- red blood cells (which carry oxygen) and white blood cells (which protect against infection) are produced in the bone marrow of some bones.

The Skeleton

The muscles attach to bones

and their main job is to create movement

Muscles require oxygen to help create energy for movement

Major Muscles

Note: The heart is also a muscle!

The Cardiovascular System

The 3 parts of the CV System are:

  • The heart
  • Blood
  • Blood Vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)

How does oxygen get to the muscles..???

- When we breathe in, oxygen is absorbed into the blood in the lungs.

- Oxygenated blood returns to the heart and is pumped around the body to muscles

- Carbon Dioxide is the main gas that is exhaled when we breathe out

Fitness Components

Being fit is not just about how fast you can run or for how long or how much weight you can lift or how many times you can lift it.

Fitness is actually all of these things, and more.

To be truly fit and able to live healthily and deal with the rigors of an active life, you need to be fit in several areas.

It is these different areas, or components, that make up the sum total of physical fitness.

The components of fitness can be divided into 2 main areas:

  1. Physical fitness components
  2. Skill-related fitness components

Physical Fitness Components

Physical related fitness components are useful to sportspeople and depending on which components we are stronger in will usually determine which sports we are stronger at.

Physical Fitness Component / Definition
Aerobic endurance / The ability to exercise your whole body for a long time
EG; marathon runner
Muscular endurance / The ability of the muscular system to work efficiently over time
EG; tennis player
Flexibility / Having a good range of movement at all the joints in the body
EG; gymnast
Speed / How fast something is
The equation for speed is;
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
EG; 100m sprinter
Muscular strength / The maximum strength generated by a muscle/muscle group
EG; weightlifter
Body composition / The ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass in the body
EG; Sumo wrestler = Higher fat mass

Skill-related Fitness Components

Skill-related fitness components are essential for success in sport and an athlete might train a specific area to improve their chances in competition.

Skill-related Fitness Component / Definition
Agility / The ability to change direction quickly
without losing balance and control
Balance / The ability to maintain centre of mass over a base of support
Coordination / The smooth movements needed to perform actions efficiently and accurately
Power / The product of strength and speed
Reaction time / The time it takes to respond to a stimulus