APHGName: ______

U6: IndustryPeriod: ______Date: ______

Industry (Secondary)

I. Industrial Revolution:

a. a series of inventions that brought new uses to known ______sources, new

______to improve ______and enable other new inventions.

eg. steam engine

______

water pump

  1. When and where did the industrial revolution begin?

–In ______in the mid to late ______s

  1. Why Great Britain?
  2. Flow of ______
  3. ______agricultural revolution:

Characteristics: ______

  1. ______and cottage industries

Define: ______

  1. Resources: ______, iron ore, and ______power
  1. European domestic markets were growing, and a ______was lacking in______

-The ______engine made up for the lack of available labor

e. Flow of Capital into Europe, 1775

-Needed flow of ______in order to______the industrial revolution

-Where was capital coming from? ______

______

  1. Freed from charcoal use, iron ______could be concentrated ______British coal fields
  2. ______and ______were affected

h. Textiles Production:

______and ______

Iron Production:

______

Coal Mining:

Newcastle

i. The first steam-powered ocean-going vessel emerged

  1. England held a ______over products in world demand and the skills to make machines to ______them

Ex: ______, England: World’s first bridge made entirely of ______, constructed in late 1700s.

  1. Process of IronOre to Steel: ______

______

II. Diffusion of Industrial Revolution

1. Diffusion to ______Europe

a. In early ______s, innovations diffused into mainland Europe.

b. Location criteria: proximity to ______fields

connection via ______to a port

flow of ______

2. Later Diffusion

a. In late 1800s, innovations diffused to some regions ______coal.

b. Location criteria:access to______

flow of capital

3. Diffusion of Industrial Revolution: Label the waves of Industrial Diffusion on the map blow.

Examine the map of diffusion of the Industrial Revolution into Europe and determine what other characteristics (aside from presence of coal) were necessary for industrialization to take hold in these regions.

III. Location Theories

•Location Theory – ______where business will or should be ______.

•Considers:

-______costs

-Profit ______

-______of distance

-Transportation

A. Factors of Industrial Location

1. Raw Materials

•Very ______industries use raw materials

•Most manufacturing is based on the further ______and shaping of materials already ______in some fashion

•Transportation ______affect industry location

2. Power Supply (______)

•Power supplies that are ______or of low ______may attract activities dependent on them

•Current technology made less important

•Industries requiring ______amounts of energy still situated near the ______source

3. Labor

•______variable affecting location decisions and industrial development

•3 major traditional considerations

•______, ______, and ______

•Labor Flexibility: highly______workers able to apply themselves to a wide variety of tasks and functions

4. Market

•______are produced to supply a market ______

•______, nature, and distribution of markets is important in industrial location decisions

•Ubiquitous ______

5. Transportation

•Unifying thread of all factors of industrial location

•Modern industry is ______tied to transportation

•Use many ______form of transportation media

B. Location Models

1. Least-Cost Theory

•______

•Created the classical model of industrial ______theory in ______

•Explains the ______location of a manufacturing establishment in terms of minimizing ______basic expenses

–Transportation cost, ______, agglomeration

1)Transportation: the site chosen must entail the lowest possible cost of

A) moving ______to the factory

B) finished products to the______, the most important.

2) Labor: higher labor costs reduce ______, so a factory might do better farther from raw materials and markets if ______labor is ______

-ex: ______– today

3) Agglomeration: when a large number of enterprises ______in the same area, they can provide assistance to each other through shared ______, services, and ______/

-ex: manufacturing plants need office furniture

  • 5 Controlling Assumptions
  1. Area is ______physically, culturally, and technologically
  2. Manufacturing involves a ______product to be shipped to a single ______whose location is known

3. Inputs involve ______from more than one known source location

  1. Labor is ______available but immobile in location
  2. Transportation routes connect ______and ______by the shortest path and directly reflect the ______of the items shipped and distance moved

2. Hotelling’s Model-Principle of Minimal Differentiation

  • Location of an industry cannot be

______without

reference to other industries of the

______kind.

  • Theory:

Locational ______:

indicates that locational decisions

are not made independently

but are ______

by the actions of others.

3. Game Theory-John Nash

  • How is his theory applicable to geographical location of industry?

4. Losch’s Model-zone of profitability

  • Manufacturing plants choose locations where they can ______profit.
  • Theory:

Zone of ______