The Gerund
developing being developed
Indefinite Active Indefinite Passive
to develop
having developed having been developed
Perfect Active Perfect Passive
I.The Subject (существительное, глагол, придаточное предложение)
1.Generating a new type of business takes a lot of efforts and money. (Создание … .)
2.Obtaining a patent protection is often expensive. (Получить … .)
3.His having obtained the patent prevented others from copying the product. (То, что он получил … , … .)
4.South Korea`s having built a healthy biotech sector surprised many businesses in Europe.
5.Our competitors` having stolen a march made us invest more in R&D.
6.His being granted a patent gives him a monopoly right to the design.
7.It was no use their defending their patent.
8.It was surprising their having won their legal action.
II.Part of the Predicate. ( существительное, инфинитив, придаточное предложение)
1.Every innovator`s dream is gaining a reward for their product.
2.Their idea was copying their rival`s product.
3.The CEO is for starting negotiations at once.
4. The Board is against hiring extra staff.
5.The negotiations are still far from being ended.
6.When the patentee came to the Office, the patent agent was on the point of leaving.
7.The goods are worth buying. The new production process is worth seeing. Their offer is worth taking.
8.The COO was busy arranging appointments for the next day.
III. The Direct Object. (инфинитив, придаточное)
1.Any retailer risks losing sales if the supply chain is inefficient.
2.Some businesses try to avoid paying all the taxes.
3.Nike stopped producing the cheapest mass-market footwear and started manufacturing high-performance products.
4.The product needs redesigning. The strategy requires reinventing. The program wants upgrading.
5.The HR manager suggested retraining the new staff.
6.The Head of the Accounts suggested one accountant`s being laid off.
7.Our line manager likes being called by his first name.
8.He dislikes his subordinates` not meeting their deadlines.
9.My colleague enjoys writing annual reports and I hate doing it.
10.I mentioned having performed similar tasks in my previous job.
11.I don`t remember being delegated this responsibility.
12.The Board doesn`t mind my being promoted.
13.The CEO always delays/postpones/puts off solving the problem of a pay rise.
14.The computer keeps crashing.
IV.The Indirect Object. (cуществительное, инфинитив, придаточное предложение)
1.The CEO thinks of outsourcing our call centers to India.
2.The project team succeeded in keeping within the budget.
3.The Board objects to raising the staff salaries this year.
4.The suppliers insist on the goods` being transported by road.
5.The manager was surprised at not having been informed about the delay.
6.The company is interested in keeping its production costs down.
7.The staff have got used to working overtime.
8.The innovator has agreed to reaching commercial relationship with the imitator.
9. I was proud of having been promoted to the Head of the Accounts.
10. Patent protection prevents a competitor from developing a design along similar lines.
11.The production shortfall resulted in our losing sales.
12.He was afraid of being dismissed/sacked/fired.
13.We heard of our rival`s having been taken over.
14.The manager was disappointed at not reaching sales targets.
V.The Adverbial Modifier. (after, before, on, in, by, without, besides, instead of, apart from and others) (придаточное предложение, деепричастие, существительное с ‘при’)
1.After carrying out a preliminary search the Patent Office commented on the validity за the application.
2.On going through some procedures he registered his design.
3.Before registering his design he went through some procedures.
4.In designing the new product we used one of the latest technologies.
5.The company improved profitability by improving some old products.
6.Besides being an efficient manager, he is a real innovator.
7.Instead of producing the product in-house the management outsourced it to a subcontractor.
VI.The Attribute. (существительное в Р. п., существительное с ‘для’, инфинитив)
1.After several months of testing the product was launched into the market.
2.The Patent Office is a place for obtaining a patent.
3.We have no chance of winning our legal action, it would be extremely expensive.
4. The new COO has enough experience in running the business like ours on a day-to-day basis.
5. I have no intention of moving into another department.
6.Going to a company`s parties is a good means of forming effective relationships with staff.