Honors Biology Chapter 3 Study Guide

Name______Period______

Read Intro p. 33

  1. Most adults in the world do not drink milk. Why?
  1. Identify the type of organic molecule of each of these in the breakdown of milk:

______lactose ______lactase ______DNA

Read 3.1 p. 34

  1. Define: organic compounds

Define: hydrocarbons

  1. Carbon is so versatile because it can form how many covalent bonds?_____
  2. Draw examples of each:

Unbranched carbon chain / Isomers
Branched carbon chain / Ringed carbon skeleton

Read 3.2 p. 35

Draw the functional groups, (also identify as P=polar or NP=nonpolar), and name of its compound:

Hydroxyl group / carboxyl / Phosphate
Carbonyl / amino / methyl

Read 3.3 p. 36

  1. List the four macromolecules:
  1. What is the difference between a polymer and a monomer?
  1. Fill in the chart with the missing information:

Dehydration reaction (synthesis) / Links two monomers
Adds water
  1. What is the purpose of enzymes?

What suffix do enzymes end in? (see p. 37)

Honors Biology Study Guide 3 p. 2

Read 3.4 p. 37 Fill in the information about monosaccharides:

Macromolecule: carbohydrate / Formula of glucose (+ fructose): / How the carbon structure differ dry or in an aqueous solution?
Monomer name: / Its 2 types of functional groups: / Purpose of carbohydrates?
Basic formula of its monomer: / Suffix of sugars: / Fig. 3.4C how do they differ?

Read 3.5 – 3.6 page 38

  1. A disaccharide is made of how many monosaccharide monomers?______
  2. What monomers make up these disaccharides?

Maltose Sucrose

  1. Bring in a label with a sugar on it for an extra credit point. Circle it on the label.
  2. Why is HFCS used in so many foods? What is it made of? What complaints have been blamed on HFCS? Are they justified?

Read 3.7 p. 39 Fill in the information about polysaccharides:

Polysaccharide / Made of / Uses /where found
Helical shape of glucose chains
Stored form of glucose chains in liver and muscle cells
Cellulose

Why is starchnot considered a nutrient in the human diet?

List at least 3 places chitin might be found:

Why are most carbohydrates considered hydrophilic?

Read 3.8 p. 40 Fill in the information about lipids:

Hydrophilic or hydrophobic? / Triglyceride composition: / What’s a trans fat?
Two monomers of fats: / Unsaturated fatty acid: / Unsaturated fatty acid example:
Composition of a fatty acid: / Saturated fatty acid: / Saturated fatty acid example:

Honors Biology Study Guide p. 3

Read 3.9 and 3.10 p. 41

  1. How do phospholipids differ than fats structurally?
  1. Where are phospholipids found?
  1. Look at Fig. 3.9 B and draw how the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends arranged themselves in a cell membrane.
  1. How do steroids appear structurally?
  1. What is the steroid cholesterol used for?
  1. What are anabolic steroids? Why would an athlete take them? What are some negative side effects of taking anabolic steroids? YOU CAN GET AN EXTRA CREDIT POINT TO BRING IN A HALF PAGE TYPED ABOUT AN ATHLETE WHO ABUSED ANABOLIC STEROIDS (site source).

Read 3.11 p. 42 Fill in the information about proteins:

Made of what monomers? / 4 components of an amino acid / Difference between dipeptide and polypeptide:
How many different amino acids are there? / Type of bond between amino acids / Why 20 amino acids make so many different kinds of proteins:

Read 3.12 p. 43

  1. SSSCDET can be remembered as seven types of proteins. Identify them and their uses:

Structural

S

S

C

D

E

Transport – receptor – built into membranes and transmit signals into cells

  1. A protein’s specific shape determines its ______.
  2. Define: denaturation-

Honors Biology Study Guide p. 4

Read 3.13 p. 44-45Fill in the information about protein levels of structure: (shape –examples-sketch)

Primary / Tertiary
Secondary / Quaternary

Look at figure 31.A-D:

  1. What type of bonds cause the pleating of a secondary structure?______
  2. What groups interact to form the tertiary structure?______
  3. Beta pleated sheets make up what types of proteins?______
  4. A tertiary structure is held together by the interactions of R groups plus ______

bonding, ______bonding and ______bridges.

  1. Quaternary structure consists of two or more ______(polypeptide group).

Read 3.15-3.15 pp. 46-47

  1. What is the unit of inheritance that determines the genetic protein structure?______

What does DNA stand for?______

What is the name of the polymer of DNA and RNA?______

What are the monomers called of nucleic acids?______

What are the three parts of a nucleotide? (make a sketch)

What are the four nitrogenous bases?______

List three differences between DNA and RNA:

What does it mean that DNA strands are complementary?