Harvard Fall Tournament
Cambridge, Massachusetts
November 10, 2007
ROUND TEN
TOSSUPS
1. It has stricter conditions than the Kaldor-Hicks type, which does not require the victims of externalities to be compensated so long as they theoretically could be. The set of points with this property is a curve between two corners of an Edgeworth box along which the marginal rate of substitution is equal for both goods. It occurs when there is a competitive equilibrium and perfect competition, as stated in the first welfare theorem of economics. FTP, identify this term for a situation in which no individual can be made better off without harming someone else.
ANSWER: Pareto efficiency (accept “Pareto optimality”)
2. God speaks to a man named Job via a Christmas tree in this man’s play The Masque of Reason. His poems “Into My Own” and “Reluctance” were anthologized in A Boy’s Will, while “The Woodpile” and “After Apple-Picking” were included in North of Boston, which also contained a poem about Silas, “The Death of the Hired Man,” and a poem about a futile action performed once a year, “Mending Wall.” Also known for “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” this is, FTP, what poet from Vermont of “Fire and Ice” and “The Road Not Taken.”
ANSWER: Robert Frost
3. The world’s largest car ferry, the Ulysses, crosses this sea daily to reach Holyhead, while other ports on it include Birkenhead and Dun Laoghaire [DUN-LEERY]. Douglas, the location of the Tynwald, is the capital of a self-governing island that sits in the middle of it, the Isle of Man. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the North Channel, which borders Ulster, and via St. George’s Channel to the Celtic Sea. Liverpool is the second largest city on it and sits opposite the largest, Dublin. FTP, identify this sea between England and Ireland.
ANSWER: Irish Sea (accept Muir Eirann)
4. His military, which employed Louvois and fortifications minister Vauban, helped him secure land by the Peace of Nijmegen, and his reign also saw victories at the Battle of the Dunes and the defeat of Gaston Orleans. Involvement in a dispute over the Duchy of Brabant after his marriage to Maria Theresa led to the War of Devolution. The generals under his command included Marshal Turenne, while his finance minister was Jean-Baptiste Colbert and his most famous advisor was Cardinal Mazarin. FTP, name this French monarch known as the Sun King.
ANSWER: Louis XIV
5. For the Dirichlet problem, any solution must have this property on the boundary of the interior region, and quotient rings of this type of ideal must be simple. A continuous function from a compact space to the reals has this property for some point in the space, and the probability distribution function for the normal distribution achieves this at zero. FTP, name this property that the holds at a point of a second-differentiable function if the first derivative is zero and the second derivative is negative there.
ANSWER: maximal (accept maximum)
6. Suleiman Solon founded its Keira Dynasty in the 17th century, but its independence ended with its annexation by the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium in 1916. It was the site of a 1975 battle against a force sent by Muammar al-Qaddafi and was in 2003 the site of fighting between the janjaweed and rebel groups including the Justice and Equality Movement, a conflict nominally ended in 2006 with an agreement in Abuja. FTP, identify this region from which more than one million refugees have fled to Chad to escape militias backed by the Sudanese government.
ANSWER: Darfur
7. The 2.223 MeV line from the creation of deuterium was detected in these emitted from solar flares. The jet break in their light curve suggests that collimated bursts of them are emitted from the core collapse of stars during the creation of a black hole. In the Mossbauer effect, these are absorbed and emitted by atoms in a solid state. These are often created when an alpha or beta decay leaves an atom in an excited state. FTP, name this type of radiation that is created when a particle anti-particle pair annihilates itself and can only be stopped by dense materials such as lead.
ANSWER: gamma ray
8. He referred to Herbert Hoover as “neighbor,” but William Allen White called him “unbelievably ill-informed” and quoted him as saying, “Somewhere there is a book that will give me the truth, but I couldn’t read” it. He gave jobs to his friends from Marion and awarded his physician a “brigadier-generalcy,” another example of his suffix trouble. His appointees included Harry Daugherty and Albert Fall, the latter of whom was convicted in the Teapot Dome scandal. FTP, identify this president who promised a “return to normalcy” when he succeeded Woodrow Wilson.
ANSWER: Warren Harding
9. He wrote about different verities of ratiocination in The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures Proved and discussed people’s lack of coruage to think for themselves in his essay “What is Enlightenment?” He argued for the need for maxims in morality and the existence of the common goodwill in his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. His most famous work was a reaction against the philosophy of Hume and discussed a priori knowledge. FTP, name this idealist philosopher who created the categorical imperative and who wrote three critiques.
ANSWER: Immanuel Kant
10. Because of it, Peleus accidentally killed his father-in-law Eurytion, and the brothers Plexippus and Toxeus were killed by their nephew in a dispute over its spoils. When King Oeneus omitted Artemis from his annual sacrifices, she unleashed it on his kingdom, prompting Oeneus to call for the greatest hunters in Greece. Because Atalanta drew the first blood from it with an arrow, its skin and tusks were offered to her by its killer. FTP, name this beast killed by Meleager, an incredibly large swine.
ANSWER: Calydonian Boar (do not accept Erymanthian Boar; do not prompt on boar)
11. A confinement system for this process must meet the Lawson criterion in order to be successful, and the Bremmsstrahlung losses that occur due to electron interaction must be taken into account when judging the viability of methods for this process. Stellarators and tokamak reactors are often used to confine the plasma fuel used in it, and Pons and Fleischmann made famously false claims about detecting its cold version in 1989. FTP, name this type of nuclear reaction that occurs when two or more atoms combine into one.
ANSWER: fusion
12. One man of this name declared himself Caliph in 1924 and was frustrated when his agreement with Henry McMahon failed to result in a united Arab state under his leadership despite his involvement in the Arab Revolt. His great-grandson, also of this name, evicted the PLO from his country during Black September and married Queen Noor. The most famous holder of this name was martyred at Karbala and is still venerated by Shi’ites. FTP, give this name referring to a sharif of Mecca, a late king of Jordan, and a grandson of the Prophet Muhammad.
ANSWER: Hussein (accept Hussein ibn Ali until the phrase “also of this name”)
13. Marvin Kratter purchased this building at 55 Sullivan Place in 1956 and leased it to Walter O’Malley. Famous for its marble rotunda with gilded ticket windows and its Schaefer Beer sign, which lit up the “H” for hits and the “E” for errors, it hosted the 1955 World Series, which was the climax of Roger Kahn’s nostalgic The Boys of Summer. Located in Flatbush, it allowed kids to peek through the right field fence, as many did when Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier. FTP, identify this classic baseball stadium demolished after the Dodgers left Brooklyn.
ANSWER: Ebbets Field
14. Ernest Gombrich described this style as “the most radical attempt to stamp out ambiguity,” and works in this style include included “Still Life with Fruit Dish and Mandolin” and “Violin and Checkerboard,” both by Juan Gris. Planes were split up in so-called analytic works, such as “Ma Jolie,” whereas collage elements like newspaper fragments or rope were integrated into works in its synthetic variant, such as “Still Life with Chair Caning.” FTP, name this art movement of the early 20th century championed by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso.
ANSWER: cubism
15. In addition to his cello sonata in G-minor, this composer's Op. 25 includes a D-flat major piece with parallel sixths and a G-sharp minor piece with parallel thirds. Among his other works in this genre are No. 13 “Harp Study” and No. 23 “Winter Wind.” His Op. 28 was modeled after Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, proceeding through all 24 keys by circle of fifths. He dedicated a work in A-flat-major, dubbed “Heroic,” to longtime lover Georges Sand. FTP, name this composer who wrote etudes, preludes, and polonaises, as well as nocturnes and Fantasie-Impromptu.
ANSWER: Frederic Chopin
16. His late father left him in the custody of an opium dealer with a piece of paper linking him to a Masonic Lodge, which was later recognized by his father’s regimental chaplain when he was sent to school in Lucknow. His training included a memory game now named for him, after which he set off with Teshoo Lama to find the Arrow River, but he met the Russians in Afghanistan instead and spied on them. Born “a poor white, the poorest of the poor” to an Irishman in India, this is, FTP, what title character of a novel about the Great Game by Rudyard Kipling?
ANSWER: Kim
17. Once an object has been placed into this category, its mass alone is sufficient to provide data on its surface temperature and magnitude. The attribute most clearly shared by all such objects is the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen to helium, the process that distinguishes them from their precursor protostars. Approximately 90% of stars can be classified by their position on, FTP, which diagonal curve running from top left to bottom right on the HR diagram that designates the longest phase in stellar evolution?
ANSWER: main sequence (stars)
18. Individuals with Morvan's syndrome appear less dependent on it, and the drug modafinil can also induce the independent state known as agrypnia. Recently, a study on medical interns concluded that functional lapses corresponding to a .1% blood alcohol concentration is associated with 24 hours without it, leading to calls for restricted work hours. FTP, identify this biological function regulated by melatonin and the hypothalamus, the "gentle thing, beloved from pole to pole" that ordinary people partake of each night.
ANSWER: sleep
19. It ends with the plan of the District Commissioner to synthesize his experiences into an ethnographic study of a people Mr. Brown had befriended. One of this novel’s characters is Ezinma, who would have been the perfect son had she been a boy, but her father cannot express his love toward her lest he be effeminate like his son, Nwoye, who later converts to Christianity. Its climax is the protagonist’s suicide after killing a messenger from a white court. Taking its title from a poem by William Butler Yeats, this is, FTP, what novel about Okonkwo by Chinua Achebe?
ANSWER: Things Fall Apart
20. Its title character is the recipient of “boquets and ribboned wreaths” and is honored by a flag, bugle trills, bells, and a “swaying mass” of people on the shore, but that character’s “lips are pale and still” and he “has no pulse or will.” The narrator walks “with mournful tread” despite the enthusiasm of the crowd that watches “the vessel grim and daring,” which is also described as a “victor ship” that “comes in with object won” after “weather[ing] every rack.” Written in honor of Abraham Lincoln and the end of the Civil War, this is, FTP, what poem by Walt Whitman?
ANSWER: “O Captain! My Captain!”
BONUSES
1. Name these phyla from descriptions for ten points each.
(10) Humans belong to this phylum, which includes a few invertebrates in addition to all vertebrate species.
ANSWER: chordata (accept chordates)
(10) Claims, snails, and squid all belong to this phylum which includes gastropods and cephalopods.
ANSWER: mollusca (accept mollusks)
(10) This phylum, whose name comes from the Latin for “wheel bearer,” is made of up pseudocoelomates.
ANSWER: rotifera (accept rotifers)
2. On September 26, 2007, he became his the first son of a prime minister to become his country’s prime minister. For ten points each –
(10) Identify this current leader of Japan.
ANSWER: Yasuo Fukuda
(10) Fukuda replaced this former prime minister after his resignation.
ANSWER: Shinzo Abe
(10) Fukuda and Abe are both members of this ruling Japanese political party.
ANSWER: Liberal Democratic Party (accept LDP; accept Jiyu-minshuto; accept Jiminto)
3. It is located on the Cape Verde Peninsula. For ten points each –
(10) Identify this former capital of French West Africa.
ANSWER: Dakar
(10) Dakar is currently the capital of this west African country.
ANSWER: Senegal
(10) One of Dakar’s main tourist attractions is this island whose “House of Slaves” is infamous as the site of the transshipment of slaves.
ANSWER: Gorée Island
4. Answer a few questions about plant hormones for ten points each.
(10) This simplest alkene, with formula C2 H4, promotes the ripening of fruit.
ANSWER: ethylene (accept ethene)
(10) Structurally similar to aspirin and found in many cosmetic products, this acid also plays a role in mediating plant defense against pathogens.
ANSWER: salicylic acid
(10) These hormones implicated in "foolish seedling disease" promote flowering, bolting, and seed growth.