Wnt5a mediated canonical Wnt signaling pathway activation in orthodontic tooth movement: possible role in the tension force-induced bone formation

Hai-Di Fu1 • Bei-Ke Wang1 • Zi-Qiu Wan1• Heng Lin1 • Mao-Lin Chang1• Guang-Li Han1

1 State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China；Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University Wuhan, China.

Hai-Di Fu and Bei-Ke Wang contributed equally to this work.

Correspondence to Guang-Li Han

Keywords Wnt5a • β-catenin • bone remodeling • orthodontic tooth movement

Abbreviations OTM Orthodontic tooth movement, OCN Osteocalcin, OSX Osterix, PDLC Periodontal ligament cells, TS Tension site, CS Compression site, CEJ Cemento-enamel junction, FZD4 Frizzled 4, LRP5 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5, ROR2 Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2

1.  Supplementary Figures

Supplementary Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of OTM mice model and tooth movement of right upper first molar (M1) in control and experimental group. A Occlusal view of experimental OTM mice model established by a closed nickel-titanium coil spring bonded between the right upper first molar and the upper incisors. B The sagittal plane of the right upper first molar shows the direction of OTM to the mesial side. And areas in red box corresponds to the tension site (TS) and are used as the main observing zones for our further morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. C The 3-dimensional reconstruction images of the Micro-CT about the right upper first (M1) and second (M2) molars of mice from control group (Control) and experimental group 18 day (Exp 18d) after mechanical loading. White arrows indicate the space between the right upper first (M1) and second molars (M2). D Histological changes related to orthodontic tooth movement in mice. Sagittal view of maxillary bone with molars show the distance and bone volume between the CEJ (cemento-enamel junction) of M1 and M2 in control group (Control) and experimental group 18 day (Exp 18d) . Black line segment in D indicates the width of PDL. Black arrow shows the direction of tension force. r, root; ab, alveolar bone; p, periodontium; M1, upper first molar; M2, upper second molar.