A Pathfinder for Race Relations in America
Is race still an issue or are we finally color-blind?
What role has and does race play in contemporary politics, education, law? Select a few significant events, court cases, or people who represent the state of race relations in America in the second half of the 20th century and early 21st century. Are there organizations or laws that have made a difference? Which races seem to have the most trouble realizing the American Dream now and why? What watershed moments in the civil rights movement have altered the way we talk about race and how we interact with the diverse people who live within our borders?
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EBSCO / Books Magazines / Just Facts
(Racial Issues) / New American Media / Rainbow Push Coalition / Handsnet Youth Advocacy
General Sources on Racial Issues / Anti-Discrimination Groups / Anti-Discrimination Laws / Supreme Court Cases / ABC-CLIO Ebooks / LAPL
SPECIALIST WEBSITES
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Minority Rights Group International / Ethics Matters Race and Ethnicity (USD) / American Studies Today Online / Center for New American Dream / Center for History and New Media
Master List of Supreme Court Cases re Race Relations
General Sources on Race Relations
1.  How Race Is Lived in America - Series of New York Times articles based on the premise that race relations are being defined less by political action than by daily experience. Includes archival articles and Web resources list. [Free registration required.]
2.  All Look Same - Tests the reader's ability to identify people by Asian descent in 18 individual photographs.
3.  FAIR Issue Area - Racism - Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting project to monitor and combat the media's marginalization, misrepresentation and exclusion of people of color in both the news and the newsroom.
4.  Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia - A careful examination of racist stereotypes of African-Americans throughout history including research papers and photos of racist objects.
5.  Literature on Race, Ethnicity and Multiculturalism - Links and annotated bibliography.
6.  Over 200 Facts Related to Racial Issues - This site contains over two hundred facts on racial issues such as discrimination, income differences, affirmative action, education, slavery, media, politics and violence among other topics.
7.  The Press And Lynching Of African Americans - A scholarly examination of the lynching epidemic of the early 20th century and how the press reacted to it.
8.  Race and Affirmative Action- The Atlantic Monthly - Articles from archives.
9.  Racism and Race in American Law - Considering the intersection between racism and race with American law, and the role of the law in promoting or alleviating racism.
10.  Salon Directory: Racial Issues - Complete archive of race articles from Salon.com
11.  Secret Daughter - The story of a mixed race daughter and the white mother who gave her up for adoption. Discussion boards, audio of racial issues, and links to search for your family history.
Anti-Discrimination Organizations in United States
1.  American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) - National organization advocating individual rights, by litigating, legislating, and educating the public on a broad array of issues affecting individual freedom in the United States. Position papers, updates on legislation, how to obtain legal advice.
2.  American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee - Includes hate crimes hotline, incident reporting, advice for educators and Arab-American parents, educational resources, and statements of support.
3.  Anti-Discrimination Center, New York
4.  Asian American Justice Center - The Asian American Justice Center (formerly the National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium) works to advance the human and civil rights of Asian Americans through advocacy, public policy, public education, and litigation.
5.  Association of MultiEthnic Americans, Inc. - A California-based nationwide organization in the U.S. representing the multiracial and multiethnic community.
6.  El Centro de la Raza - community-based, Chicano/Latino Civil Rights organization that seeks to help people of all colors to empower themselves and encourage basic social change.
7.  GLBT Race and Ethnic Minorities Resources - Links to articles, papers, studies and abstracts on GLBT race and ethnic minorities in U.S.A., Canada, Europe, Australia and New Zealand.
8.  NAACP - The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a civil rights organization for ethnic minorities in the united States.American-Arab Antidiscrimination Committee
9.  Project RACE - A national organization supporting the movement for a multiracial classification and advocating on behalf of multiracial, interracial, biracial children and adults everywhere
10.  Southern Poverty Law Center - Founded in 1971, is a non-profit organization that combats hate, intolerance and discrimination through education and litigation. Located in Montgomery, Alabama, it is also the site of the Maya Lin-designed Civil Rights Memorial.
Anti-Discrimination Laws (United States)
These listing are directly from Wikipedia’s directory system. Open the Wikipedia article and read through for background information then choose the external links tabs at the bottom of each entry to find the outside sources.
1.  Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
2.  Civil Rights Act of 1871[3]
3.  Lloyd – La Follette Act (1912)
4.  Fair Employment Act of 1941
5.  Executive Order 11478[4]
6.  Equal Pay Act of 1963
7.  Civil Rights Act of 1964[5]
8.  Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965
9.  Civil Rights Act of 1968
10.  Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967[6]
11.  Rehabilitation Act of 1973
12.  Age Discrimination Act of 1975
13.  Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
14.  Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990[7]
15.  Civil Rights Act of 1991
16.  Employment Non-Discrimination Act
17.  California Fair Employment and Housing Act[8]
18.  Executive Order 13166 – “Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English Proficiency”
19.  Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 - enables qualified employees to take prolonged unpaid leave for family and health-related reasons without fear of losing their jobs. For private employers with 15 or more employers
20.  No-FEAR Act
21.  Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
Race Discrimination: U.S. Supreme Court Cases
Below is a list of U.S. Supreme Court cases involving race discrimination and the rights of members of racial groups, including links to the full text of the U.S. Supreme Court decisions provided by FindLaw.
1.  Korematsu v. U.S. (1944): The Court in this case upheld the conviction of an American of Japanese descent, who had been prosecuted for remaining in California after a 1942 presidential order designating much of the west coast a "military area", and requiring relocation of most Japanese-Americans from California (among other west coast states)
2.  Oyama vs. California (1948):
3.  Shelley v. Kraemer (1948): This decision held that "racially restrictive covenants" in property deeds are unenforceable. In this case, the "covenants" were terms or obligations in property deeds that limited property rights to Caucasians, excluding members of other races.
4.  Brown v. Board of Education (1954) | Case Background (from U.S. Courts) In this landmark case, the Court prohibited racial segregation of public schools. Brown v. Board of Education II (1955): This decision quickened the process for implementing the anti-segregation orders issued in "Brown I."
5.  Bailey v. Patterson (1962): The Court in this case prohibited racial segregation of interstate and intrastate transportation facilities.:
6.  Loving v. Virginia (1967): This decision holds that state laws prohibiting inter-racial marriage are unconstitutional.
7.  Jones v. Mayer Co. (1968): The Court held in this case that federal law bars all racial discrimination (private or public), in sale or rental of property.
8.  Lau v. Nichols (1973): The Court found that a city school system's failure to provide English language instruction to students of Chinese ancestry amounted to unlawful discrimination.
9.  University of California Regents v. Bakke (1978): The Court decides that a public university may take race into account as a factor in admissions decisions.
10.  Batson v. Kentucky (1986): This decision holds that a state denies an African-American defendant equal protection when it puts him on trial before a jury from which members of his race have been purposefully excluded.
11.  Grutter v. Bollinger (2003): In this case, the Court finds that a law school's limited "affirmative action" use of race in admissions is constitutional.
ACADEMIC SEARCH PREMIERE ARTICLES 2000-2013
1.  Price, Patricia L. "Race And Ethnicity: Latino/A Immigrants And Emerging Geographies Of Race And Place In The USA." Progress In Human Geography 36.6 (2012): 800-809. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83448030&site=ehost-live
2.  COHN, JONATHAN. "E Pluribus Duo." New Republic 243.16 (2012): 21-23. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82287027&site=ehost-live
3.  Milkis, Sidney M., and Daniel J. Tichenor. "Reform’S Mating Dance: Presidents, Social Movements, And Racial Realignments." Journal Of Policy History 23.4 (2011): 451-490. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69541101&site=ehost-live
4.  Kumar, Revathy, Nancy Seay, and Stuart Karabenick. "Shades Of White: Identity Status, Stereotypes, Prejudice, And Xenophobia." Educational Studies 47.4 (2011): 347-378. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=63295485&site=ehost-live
5.  Grunwald, Michael, and Walter Alarkon. "Why Change Won't Sell." Time 180.11 (2012): 44-46. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79545989&site=ehost-live
6.  Block, Ray. "Backing Barack Because He's Black: Racially Motivated Voting In The 2008 Election." Social Science Quarterly (Blackwell Publishing Limited) 92.2 (2011): 423-446. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60313769&site=ehost-live
7.  Paul Lagunes, et al. "Understanding Bias Toward Latinos: Discrimination, Dimensions Of Difference, And Experience Of Exclusion." Journal Of Social Issues 66.1 (2010): 59-78. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48465606&site=ehost-live
8.  ESPOSITO, LUIGI, and LAURA L. FINLEY. "Barack Obama, Racial Progress, And The Future Of Race Relations In The United States." Western Journal Of Black Studies 33.3 (2009): 164-175. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47436572&site=ehost-live
9.  Museus, Samuel D., April L. Yee, and Susan A. Lambe. "Multiracial In A Monoracial World: Student Stories Of Racial Dissolution On The Colorblind Campus." About Campus 16.4 (2011): 20-25. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66442251&site=ehost-live
10.  Moreno, Paul. "Unions And Discrimination." CATO Journal 30.1 (2010): 67-85. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53728934&site=ehost-live
11.  King, Mae C. "Race And US Foreign Policy: Reflections On West Africa." Black Scholar 40.3 (2010): 2-12. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57278738&site=ehost-live
12.  "Timeline." Military History 28.5 (2012): 61-67. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66892906&site=ehost-live
13.  Bean, Frank D., and Jennifer Lee. "Plus Ça Change...? Multiraciality And The Dynamics Of Race Relations In The United States." Journal Of Social Issues 65.1 (2009): 205-219. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36174013&site=ehost-live
14.  Marsh, Kris, Cassandra Chaney, and Derrick Jones. "The Strengths Of High-Achieving Black High School Students In A Racially Diverse Setting." Journal Of Negro Education 81.1 (2012): 39-51. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75324758&site=ehost-live
15.  Younge, Gary. "What's Race Got To Do With Herman Cain?." Nation 293.26 (2011): 10. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69706294&site=ehost-live
16.  KAZIN, MICHAEL. "Too Many Obamas?." Raritan 30.3 (2011): 80-93. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59970570&site=ehost-live
17.  Dickey, Christopher. "Southern Discomfort. (Cover Story)." Newsweek 152.6 (2008): 22-32. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=33516267&site=ehost-live\
18.  BINDAS, KENNETH J. "Re-Remembering A Segregated Past: Race In American Memory." History & Memory 22.1 (2010): 113-134. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48477349&site=ehost-live
19.  Younge, Gary. "What Race Has To Do With It." Nation 295.17 (2012): 10. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82191429&site=ehost-live
20.  Lu, Lingyu, and Sean Nicholson-Crotty. " Reassessing The Impact Of Hispanic Stereotypes On White Americans' Immigration Preferences Impact Of Hispanic Stereotypes On Whites' Immigration Preferences." Social Science Quarterly (Blackwell Publishing Limited) 91.5 (2010): 1312-1328. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54623424&site=ehost-live
21.  McCLAIN, CAROL SHEPHERD. "Family Stories: Black/White Marriage During The 1960S." Western Journal Of Black Studies 35.1 (2011): 9-21. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59733260&site=ehost-live
22.  Mukherjee, Roopali. "Racial Politics (In The United States)." Social Text 27.3 (2009): 219-222. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44451664&site=ehost-live
23.  CORRA, MAMADI. "The State Of Black America On The Heels Of The Election Of Barack Obama As The First African American President Of The United States." Western Journal Of Black Studies 33.3 (2009): 192-211. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47436575&site=ehost-live
24.  Banks, James A. "Improving Race Relations In Schools: From Theory And Research To Practice." Journal Of Social Issues 62.3 (2006): 607-614. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21767586&site=ehost-live
25.  Daniel, G. Reginald. "Race, Multiraciality, And Barack Obama: Toward A More Perfect Union?." Black Scholar 39.3/4 (2009): 51-59. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48125932&site=ehost-live
26.  Lashley, Marilyn. "The Politics Of Cognitive Dissonance: Spin, The Media, And Race (And Ethnicity) In The 2008 US Presidential Election." American Review Of Canadian Studies 39.4 (2009): 364-377. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45222142&site=ehost-live
27.  Parisi, Domenico, Daniel T. Lichter, and Michael C. Taquino. "Multi-Scale Residential Segregation: Black Exceptionalism And America's Changing Color Line." Social Forces (University Of North Carolina Press) 89.3 (2011): 829-852. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59733229&site=ehost-live
28.  Cottle, Michelle. "Race Baiting: All The Rage." Newsweek 159.8 (2012): 5. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71766962&site=ehost-live
29.  Glasgow, Joshua, Julie L. Shulman, and Enrique G. Covarrubias. "The Ordinary Conception Of Race In The United States And Its Relation To Racial Attitudes: A New Approach." Journal Of Cognition & Culture 9.1/2 (2009): 15-38. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37212246&site=ehost-live
30.  Daniel Stone, et al. "Who We Are Now. (Cover Story)." Newsweek 153.4 (2009): 32-42. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36169379&site=ehost-live
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