Future 4 correlated to College and Career Readiness Standards (CCRS)

and GED RLAs, Grades 11-12

College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards / Common Core Standards for
English Language Arts, Grade 11-12 / GED Testing Service’s Reasoning Through Language Arts Assessment Targets (RLAs) / Future, Level 4
Reading: Literature
Key Ideas and Details
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.1 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.1 Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain. / R.3.2 Make inferences about plot/sequence of events, characters/people, settings, or ideas in texts. / Future: For related material see: Reading Skill: Making inferences, 57, 199; also see: Check Your Understanding, 11, 37, 57, 77, 91, 117, 137, 151, 157, 177, 191, 217, 231
Workbook: Making inferences, 33
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.2 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.2 Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text. / R.2.6 Identify a theme, or identify which element(s) in a text support a theme.
R.5.1 Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, or section fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the ideas.
R.3.3 Analyze relationships within texts, including how events are important in relation to plot or conflict; how people, ideas, or events are connected, developed, or distinguished; how events contribute to theme or relate to key ideas; or how a setting or context shapes structure and meaning.
R.3.5 Analyze the roles that details play in complex literary or informational texts. / Future: For related material see: Summarizing, 231; Identifying main idea, 10, 117; Making inferences, 57, 199
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.3 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.3 Analyze the impact of the author’s choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of a story or drama (e.g., where a story is set, how the action is ordered, how the characters are introduced and developed). / R.3.2 Make inferences about plot/sequence of events, characters/people, settings, or ideas in texts.
R.3.3 Analyze relationships within texts, including how events are important in relation to plot or conflict; how people, ideas, or events are connected, developed, or distinguished; how events contribute to theme or relate to key ideas; or how a setting or context shapes structure and meaning. / Future: For related material see: Performance reviews and promotions, 78–79, 198–199, 204
Craft and Structure
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.4 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including words with multiple meanings or language that is particularly fresh, engaging, or beautiful. (Include Shakespeare as well as other authors.) / R.4.1/L4.1 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining connotative and figurative meanings from context.
R.4.3/L4.3 Analyze the impact of specific words, phrases, or figurative language in text, with a focus on an author's intent to convey information or construct an argument. / Future: Word Work, 11, 37, 57, 77, 91, 117, 137, 151, 157, 177, 191, 217, 231
Please note that vocabulary acquisition also occurs in the context of real-world readings and their related assignments. Representative topics include: Dangerous weather, 92–93; Reading an evacuation map, 96–97; Medical symptoms, 146–147, 149, 152–153; Communicating with medical personnel, 146–149, 152–153, 159; Healthy lifestyles, 156–157, 161; Courtroom procedures, 210–211, 213, 215; Courtroom procedures, 212–213
Workbook: Dictionary Skill & Word Study, 29, 65, 89, 125; Writing Definitions; Vocabulary, 13, 25, 37, 61, 85, 133, 145
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.5 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.5 Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure specific parts of a text (e.g., the choice of where to begin or end a story, the choice to provide a comedic or tragic resolution) contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact. / R.3.1 Order sequences of events in texts.
R.3.2 Make inferences about plot/sequence of events, characters/people, settings, or ideas in texts.
R.3.3 Analyze relationships within texts, including how events are important in relation to plot or conflict; how people, ideas, or events are connected, developed, or distinguished; how events contribute to theme or relate to key ideas; or how a setting or context shapes structure and meaning. / Future: For related material see: Sequencing, 22, 103, 191; Identifying causes and solutions, 202–203
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.6 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.6 Analyze a case in which grasping a point of view requires distinguishing what is directly stated in a text from what is really meant (e.g., satire, sarcasm, irony, or understatement). / Future: Identifying author's purpose, 91; also see: Distinguishing between fact and opinion, 177
Workbook: Reading Skill: Distinguishing fact from opinion, 105
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.7 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.7 Analyze multiple interpretations of a story, drama, or poem (e.g., recorded or live production of a play or recorded novel or poetry), evaluating how each version interprets the source text. (Include at least one play by Shakespeare and one play by an American dramatist.) / Workbook: For related material see: Writing a story, 13
(RL.9-10.8 not applicable to literature)
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.9 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.9 Demonstrate knowledge of eighteenth-, nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century foundational works of American literature, including how two or more texts from the same period treat similar themes or topics. / Future: For related material see: Jury duty, 215
Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.10 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.10 By the end of grade 11, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 11-CCR text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, at the high end of the grades 11-CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. / Future: For related material see: Reading Topics, 10–11, 36–37, 56–57, 76–77, 90, 90–91, 116–117, 136–137, 154, 156–157, 161, 176–177, 188–189, 190–191, 216–217, 230–231
Workbook: Reading Skills, 4, 20–21, 52–53, 68–69, 80–81, 92–93, 104–105, 112–113, 128–129, 136–137
Reading: Informational Text
Key Ideas and Details
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.1 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.11-12.1 Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain. / R.2.3 Make sentence level inferences about details that support main ideas.
R.2.7 Make evidence based generalizations or hypotheses based on details in text, including clarifications, extensions, or applications of main ideas to new situations.
R.3.4 Infer relationships between ideas in a text (e.g., an implicit cause and effect, parallel, or contrasting relationship).
W.1 Determine the details of what is explicitly stated and make logical inferences or valid claim that square with textual evidence. / Future: Reading Skill: Making inferences, 57, 199; also see: Check Your Understanding, 11, 37, 57, 77, 91, 117, 137, 151, 157, 177, 191, 217, 231
Workbook: Making inferences, 33
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.2 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.11-12.2 Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to provide a complex analysis; provide an objective summary of the text. / R2.1 Comprehend explicit details and main ideas in text.
R.2.2 Summarize details and ideas in text.
R.2.4 Infer implied main ideas in paragraphs or whole texts.
R.2.5 Determine which detail(s) support(s) a main idea.
R.2.8 Draw conclusions or make generalizations that require synthesis of multiple main ideas in text.
R.3.5 Analyze the roles that details play in complex literary or informational texts. / Future: Identifying main idea, 10, 117; Using details to understand important ideas, 37; Making inferences, 57, 199; Scanning a list for details, 157; Summarizing, 231; also see: Sequencing, 22, 103, 191; Looking for words that signal time order, 191
Workbook: Reading Skill: Important Ideas, 21, 69; Summarizing, 137
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.3 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.11-12.3 Analyze a complex set of ideas or sequence of events and explain how specific individuals, ideas, or events interact and develop over the course of the text. / R.5.2 Analyze the structural relationship between adjacent sections of text (e.g., how one paragraph develops or refines a key concept or how one idea is distinguished from another). / Future: Sequencing, 22, 103, 191; Establishing logical order, 102; Identifying causes and solutions, 202–203; also see: Organizing information, 22–23, 43, 63, 83, 103, 123, 143, 182–183, 203
Workbook: Reading Skill: Words that signal time order, 113
Craft and Structure
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.4 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term or terms over the course of a text (e.g., how Madison defines faction in Federalist No. 10). / R.4.1/L4.1 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining connotative and figurative meanings from context.
R.4.2/L4.2 Analyze how meaning or tone is affected when one word is replaced with another.
R.4.3/L4.3 Analyze the impact of specific words, phrases, or figurative language in text, with a focus on an author's intent to convey information or construct an argument. / Future: Word Work, 11, 37, 57, 77, 91, 117, 137, 151, 157, 177, 191, 217, 231
Please note that vocabulary acquisition also occurs in the context of real-world readings and their related assignments. Representative topics include: Dangerous weather, 92–93; Reading an evacuation map, 96–97; Medical symptoms, 146–147, 149, 152–153; Communicating with medical personnel, 146–149, 152–153, 159; Healthy lifestyles, 156–157, 161; Courtroom procedures, 210–211, 213, 215; Courtroom procedures, 212–213
Workbook: Dictionary Skill & Word Study, 29, 65, 89, 125; Writing Definitions; Vocabulary, 13, 25, 37, 61, 85, 133, 145
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.5 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.11-12.5 Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the structure an author uses in his or her exposition or argument, including whether the structure makes points clear, convincing, and engaging. / R.5.1 Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, or section fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the ideas.
R.5.4 Analyze how the structure of a paragraph, section, or passage shapes meaning, emphasizes key ideas, or supports an author's purpose. / Future: Sequencing, 22, 103, 191; Distinguishing between main idea and details, 37, 117; Looking for words that signal time order, 191; Recognizing restatements, 77; Scanning a list for details, 157; Skimming for main idea, 10; Using details to understand important ideas, 37
Workbook: Workbook: Reading Skill: Time clauses, 54; Words that signal time order, 113
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.6 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.11-12.6 Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text in which the rhetoric is particularly effective, analyzing how style and content contribute to the power, persuasiveness or beauty of the text. / R.6.1 Determine an author's point of view or purpose of a text.
R.6.2 Analyze how the author distinguishes his or her position from that of others or how an author acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints
R.6.3 Infer an author's implicit as well as explicit purposes based on details in text.
R.6.4 Analyze how an author uses rhetorical techniques to advance his or her point of view or achieve a specific purpose (e.g., analogies, enumerations, repetition and parallelism, juxtaposition of opposites, qualifying statements).
R.5.4 Analyze how the structure of a paragraph, section, or passage shapes meaning, emphasizes key ideas, or supports an author's purpose. / Future: Identifying author's purpose, 91; also see: Skimming for main idea, 10; Distinguishing between fact and opinion, 177
Workbook: Reading Skill: Distinguishing fact from opinion, 105
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.7 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.11-12.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words in order to address a question or solve a problem. / R.9.1/R.7.1 Draw specific comparisons between two texts that address similar themes or topics or between information presented in different formats (e.g., between information presented in text and information or data summarized in a table or timeline).
R.7.2 Analyze how data or quantitative and/or visual information extends, clarifies, or contradicts information in text, or determine how data supports an author's argument.
R.7.3 Compare two passages that present related ideas or themes in different genre or formats (e.g., a feature article and an online FAQ or fact sheet) in order to evaluate differences in scope, purpose, emphasis, intended audience, or overall impact when comparing.
R.7.4 Compare two passages that present related ideas or themes in different genre or formats in order to synthesize details, draw conclusions, or apply information to new situations.
R.9.2 Compare two passages in similar or closely related genre that share ideas or themes, focusing on similarities and/or differences in perspective, tone, style, structure, purpose, or overall impact. / Future: Making comparisons, 46, 222–223, 228; Comparing and contrasting, 222–223; also see: Using charts, 23, 27, 31, 53; Reading a street map, 51; Job training and instructions, 67, 69, 73, 75, 81 ; Natural disasters, 90–91, 102–103; Dangerous weather, 92–97, 103; Reading an evacuation map, 96–97; Car maintenance web site, 132; Interpreting charts, graphs, and visuals, 137, 156–157, 232; Medical history form, 146–147; Safety signs and warnings, 190, 206; Bank web site, 226
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.8 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.11-12.8 Delineate and evaluate the reasoning in seminal U.S. texts, including the application of constitutional principles and use of legal reasoning (e.g., in U.S. Supreme Court majority opinions and dissents) and the premises, purposes, and arguments in works of public advocacy (e.g., The Federalist, presidential addresses). / R.6.4 Analyze how an author uses rhetorical techniques to advance his or her point of view or achieve a specific purpose (e.g., analogies, enumerations, repetition and parallelism, juxtaposition of opposites, qualifying statements).
R.8.1 Delineate the specific steps of an argument the author puts forward, including how the argument's claims build on one another.
R.8.2 Identify specific pieces of evidence an author uses in support of claims or conclusions.
R.8.3 Evaluate the relevance and sufficiency of evidence offered in support of a claim.
R.8.5 Assess whether the reasoning is valid; identify fallacious reasoning in an argument and evaluate its impact.
R.8.6 Identify an underlying premise or assumption in an argument and evaluate the logical support and evidence provided. / Future: For related material see: Consumer protection laws, 136–137; Jury duty, 215
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.9 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.11-12.9 Analyze seventeenth-, eighteenth-, and nineteenth-century foundational U.S. documents of historical and literary significance (including The Declaration of Independence, the Preamble to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address) for their themes, purposes, and rhetorical features. / Future: For related material see: Consumer protection laws, 136–137; Jury duty, 215
Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.R.10 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.11-12.10 By the end of grade 11, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 11-CCR text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend literary nonfiction at the high end of the grades 11-CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. / Future: Reading Topics: Goals and achievements, 10–11; Job interviews, 36–37; Community gardens, 56–57; Workplace safety, 76–77, 190–191; Earthquakes, 90; Emergencies, 90–91, 154; Relocating, 116–117; Vehicle lemon laws, Consumer protection laws, 136–137; Healthy lifestyles, 156–157, 161; After–school programs, 176–177; Employee accident reports, 188–189; DNA evidence, 216–217; Starting a business, 230–231
Workbook: Reading Skills, 4, 20–21, 52–53, 68–69, 80–81, 92–93, 104–105, 112–113, 128–129, 136–137
Writing
Text Types and Purposes
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.W.1 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.11-12.1 Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.11-12.1a Introduce precise, knowledgeable claim(s), establish the significance of the claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that logically sequences claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.11-12.1b Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly and thoroughly, supplying the most relevant evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience’s knowledge level, concerns, values, and possible biases.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.11-12.1c Use words, phrases, and clauses as well as varied syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.11-12.1d Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.11-12.1e Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. / W.2 Produce an extended analytic response in which the writer introduces the idea(s) or claim(s) clearly; creates an organization that logically sequences information; develops the idea(s) or claim(s) thoroughly with well-chosen examples, facts, or details from the text; and maintains a coherent focus. / Future: Writing Genres and Skills: Writing letters of complaint, 122–123; Letter to the Editor (school–related issues), 182–183; Explaining problems and solutions (improving the workplace), 202–203
Workbook: Complaint letter, 72; Letter to the Editor, 104
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.W.2 / CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.11-12.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.11-12.2a Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information so that each new element builds on that which precedes it to create a unified whole; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.11-12.2b Develop the topic thoroughly by selecting the most significant and relevant facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.11-12.2c Use appropriate and varied transitions and syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.11-12.2d Use precise language, domain-specific vocabulary, and techniques such as metaphor, simile, and analogy to manage the complexity of the topic.