FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS-blank
Exam 1 Material:
1) Which of these is an example of an organelle? 100
A) amoeba
B) muscle
C) stomach
D) digestive system
E) chloroplast
2) One of the key distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence of ______cells, which is lacking in ______cells. 200
A) a nucleus in eukaryotics; prokaryotic
B) a nucleus in prokaryotics; eukaryotic
C) DNA in prokaryotics; eukaryotic
D) DNA in eukaryotic; prokaryotic
E) A cytoplasmic organelle in prokaryotic; eukaryotic
3) Which of the following utilizes DNA as their genetic material? 200
A) prokaryotes
B) eukaryotes
C) bacteria
D) A and C only
E) A, B, and C
4) Which of the following questions is outside the realm of science? 100
A) How did humans arise?
B) Why do humans have a finite life span?
C) How do red blood cells carry oxygen?
D) What is the basis of heredity?
E) What is the meaning of life?
5) Which of the following are prokaryotic cells? 100
A) plants
B) fungi
C) bacteria
D) animals
E) both B and C
6) A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from? 400x
A) a bacterium.
B) an animal, but not a plant.
C) a plant, but not an animal.
D) a plant or an animal.
E) any kind of organism.
7. Bryophytes have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: 500x
A. multicellularity B. a reduced, dependent sporophyte
C. a well developed vascular tissue D. a protected egg cell
E. a dominant gametophyte generation
8. Some of the limitations of the fossil record include? 300
- dying in the right place at the right time
- escaping geological processes like erosion
- exposing the fossil without destroying it
- B & C
- All of the above
9. The models of the early atmosphere that was tested by Miller and Urey included chemicals such as: 500x
A. H2, O2, NH3, CH4
B . H2, H2O, NH3, CH4
C. H2, H2O2, NH3
D. H2O, NH3, CH4, O2
E. H2, H2O, NS4, CH4
10. Based upon the results of the experiment described above, one of the important energy sources that facilitated the formation of organic chemicals on the young earth may have been? 200
- power bars
- chocolate
- heat
- lightning
- ethanol
11. Scientists hypothesize that the first genetic material was probably? 300
A. DNA D. protein
B. RNA E. a single haploid chromosome
C. ribosomes
12. Which is the dominant stage in the life cycle of a moss? 400
A flowering stage
B. sporophyte
C. gametophyte
D. sporangium
E. dipoid stage
13. Plants with a dominant sporophyte are successful on land because? 300
A. they all disperse by means of seeds
B. having no stomata, they lose less water
C. diploid plants are protected from the effects of mutation
D. eggs and sperm are not produced
E. they do not have vascular tissue
14. Which of the following clades includes species that produce seeds? 500x
A. lycopods
B. whiskferns
C. Anthophyta
D. Bryophyta
E. Pterophyta
15. The similarities between the wings of an insect and a bird or the fleshy cones of Eastern Red Cedar and the fruits of Angiosperms are two examples of what? 500x
A. Homologous organs
B. Convergent evolution
C. Clades
D. Microevolution
E. Recent divergence between these groups
100X Name the three domains of life?
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100 Prokaryotes are found in which domains?
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200X List the one major difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?
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100x Protists are a diverse grouping of (Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes)?
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200X Alternation of Generations, a defining characteristic of plants, is marked by multi-cellular (diploid/haploid/both/neither) life forms?
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400X Write the equation for photosynthesis.
400X What stages in the Alternation of Generations lifecycle are 2n?
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+50X Which of these is multi-cellular?
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400x What stages in the Alternation of Generations lifecycle are n?
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+50x Which of these is multi-cellular?
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500X Red Tide is caused by ______, which are members of the clade ______?
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300X Name 3 characteristics of science.
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300X Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory.
--hypothesis:
--theory:
300X What stage of the lifecycle is dominant in: a—mosses, b—red junipers, c— ginkos, d—whisk ferns, e—liverworts, f—horsetails
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200 The first Prokaryotic cells showed up _____ bya?
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300x The atmosphere began getting oxygenated _____ bya?
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+100 What organism was critical in the oxygenation of the atmosphere?
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200X The first Eukaryotic cells showed up _____ bya?
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400X An organism that uses sunlight for energy and organic compounds for its carbon source would be classified as a _____?
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400X An organism that uses inorganic chemicals for energy and CO2 for its carbon source would be classified as a _____?
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200 The cell walls of fungi are made up of _____?
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200 The cell walls of animals are made up of _____?
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200X The cell walls of plants are made up of _____?
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300 The cell walls of bacteria are made up of _____?
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200 A branch point in a cladogram represents what?
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300X Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life? a—can grow and replicate, b—contains DNA, c—can respond to the environment, d—can convert/use energy
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500X Is malaria caused by a Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic pathogen?
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+100X What is the vector? Explain what a vector is.
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500X Is botulism caused by a Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic pathogen?
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Exam 2 Material:
Chp. 31: Fungi:
200 Fungi are _____trophs that _____ their food, whereas animals are _____trophs that _____ their food.
100 Are fungi more closely related to plants or animals?
X300 The main function of fungi is:
a—decomposition
b—C-fixation
c—N-fixation
d—O2 generation
300 Draw the phylogenic map including plants, animals and fungi.
X200 The entire fungal organism is called a _____ and is made up of individual _____.
300 Name the two organisms that compose a lichen.
400 Name 3 similarities between fungi and animals.
200 What is a septum and how does is apply to fungi?
100 Fungi are most commonly in the haploid/diploid stage?
100 The spores generated by sexual reproduction are the same as/different from the spores generated by asexual reproduction.
300 Plasmogamy and Karyogamy refer to the fusion of the ______and _____ respectively.
Chp. 32: Animals:
200 It is thought that animals evolved from a protist, bacteria, amoeba, charophyte?
200 Which grouping of organisms commonly reproduces sexually: animals, plants, fungi, bacteria
100 genes are crucial in coordinating animal development.
300 Give an example of an animal with radial and bilateral symmetry: radial—
bilateral—
300 Define tissue and give an example:
X500 What do the ecto-, endo-, and mesoderm germ layers develop into:
ecto =
endo =
meso =
300 What is gastrulation?
300 Name the two phyla of animals based on tissue presence:
100 What is a coelem?
X400 What are the 3 different body plans with regards to a body cavity. Give examples for bonus pts.
500 Match the following:
Protostomes—blastospore becomes mouth—spiral cleavage—determinate cleavage—annelida—mollusca
Deuterostomes—blastospore becomes anus—radial cleavage—indeterminate cleavage—chordata
Chp. 33: Invertebrates:
100 Sponges belong to which animal phylum?
200 What is the opening at the top of a sponge called?
200 Sponges have both male and female parts and are therefore called . But they cross-fertilize.
300 Hydras, jellies, corals, and sea anemones are all members of the phylum and have symmetry.
300 A jelly is mobile, has its mouth down and is called a . A sea anemone is stationary, has its mouth up and is called a . Both are in the phylum .
200 Dinoflaggelate algae give coral (of the phylum ) sugars and coral give dinoflaggelates protection. This is a symbiosis.
100 Cnidarians have which type of symmetry? Radial/Bilateral
200 Gonad is a specific/general term for structure that produces haploid/diploid sperm or egg cells.
300 Flukes and tapeworms are and belong in the phylum .
X400 What group/phyla first began to move unidirectionally and began the process of cephalization?
200 What is the stinging structure of cnidarians called?
200 What is a main reason we cook food?
300 What does triploblastic mean?
Chp. 33 and 34: Invertebrates and Vertebrates:
500 What is the difference between the wings of insects and birds?
insects—
birds—
X300 Name the tree body regions of an insect:
200 How many legs do insects have?
200 Name the third characteristics of Insects:
X500 Name the two different types of metamorphosis and describe the difference between them.
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100 Do insects undergo ecdysis?
400 What are the excretory organ of a—earthworms and b—insects
400 How do insects breath?
à 50 bonus points: Of what are these tubules composed?
X200 Insects, like all invertebrates, have a ventral/dorsal nerve cord.
200 Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, and crayfish are in the phylum arthropoda, subphylum crustacean.
400 What the heck is an instar
200 Echinoderms have a hard, calcerous endo-/exo- skeleton.
400 Describe the symmetry of a sea star.
Chp. 34: Amphibians and Mammals:
100 Amphibians have characteristics of: early terrestrial tetrapods/fishes/both?
X300 Amphibians are an intermediate group bridging and .
X200 Give an example of an anuran.
300 The larval stage of an amphibian most closely resembles:
100 bonus: two things that support this:
300 Reptiles are ectotherms. What does this mean?
200 T/F Turtles live on land and tortoises live in the water.
300 What is the key adaptation that allowed animals to move permanately onto land/allowed them to not need to return to water? legs/amniotic egg/ lungs/milk
200 How many separate times has the ability to fly evolved?
150 bonus points: what groups?
300 What is important about the Theropod dinosaurs?
400 What were the first feathers probably used for?
500 From where do mammals derive their name?
X400 What does viviparous mean and what vertebrate clade is viviparous?
500 When did the dinosaurs become extinct and why was this important for mammals
300 When did the first mammals appear?
Chp. 12: Mitosis:
200 Do bacteria undergo mitosis? Why or why not?
300 During which stage of interphase does the cell grow (may be more than one correct answer): G0, G1, G2, S.
200 Which division is specific to reproduction, mitosis or meiosis?
300 What are somatic cells?
200 What is the genome?
400 What is chromatin?
300 What is a gene?
300 Cell division and elongation is the scientific definition of .
300 In what stage of the cell cycle will you find most cells in the human body? M, G1, G0, G2, S.
400 Where do the microtubules attach to the sister chromatids
400 Does binary fission (prokaryotic cell division) result in heritability? Diversity?
500 Put the stages of the cell cycle in their proper order: telophase, metaphase, prophase, interphase, prometaphase, anaphase.
200 T/F Some plants have more chromosomes than humans.
200 T/F Cancer cells exhibit density-dependent growth inhibition.
400 During what phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope fragment?
300 During what phase of mitosis do all the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?
bonus: what do we call the place where they align?
Chp. 13: Meiosis:
100 T/F Meiosis results in daughter cells with only half the amount of DNA that the parent cell had.
200 Meiosis occurs in the gonads, liver, thymus, all of the above.
400 What is the benefit of meiosis and sexual reproduction?
500 Sex cell are also called and are produced in the .
400 An organism that is genetically identical to its parent is termed a .
100 Does asexual reproduction produce diverse offspring?
200 bonus: why is this important?
400 Rhizomes are plant asexual reproductive structures below/above the ground, stolons (or “runners”) are below/above the ground.
500 What is the most important feature of sexual reproduction?
300 A certain organism has 14 chromosomes and 3 copies of each chromosome (the organism is therefore triploid). What is this description of the genetic composition of the organism called?
300 Two chromosomes that have the same genes at the same locations (loci) on the chromosome are called .
200 T/F A human cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. A female would have two X chromosomes, which are homologous, but a male would have one X and one Y chromosome, which are in fact not homologous.
200 T/F Plants are known to have many many copies of homologous chromosomes.
200 bonus: what is this called?
Exam 3 Material:
Chp. 14: Genetics:
100 T/F If I lift weights and get really strong, my children will have bigger muscles than if I didn’t lift weights.
300 Explain how you could use twins to conduct a genetic vs. environmental experiment.
300 Gregor Mendel disproved the “ Hypothesis”.
200 Traits following Mendelian inheritance are determined by 1, 2, or many gene(s).
500 Why was Mendel considered “lucky” in regards to his experiments?
200 What is the phenotype?
200 What is the genotype?
200 Mendel discovered “particulate inheritance”. What are the particles?
400 What is a model organism?
200 What’s an allele?
400 Explain homozygous vs. heterozygous.
300 True-breeding lines are: homozygous/heterozygous?
500 If Tom and Jessica have a baby named Sam, and then Sam marries Carolyn and has a daughter Elena, who are the P generation? Who are the F1, and the F2
300 What’s the difference between a gene and an allele?
500 Explain the Law of Segregation.
500 What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of a monohybrid cross?
500 Explain the Law of Independent Assortment.
200 bonus: are there exceptions?
500 Differentiate between dihybrid and monohybrid crosses
400 What does it mean if 2 genes are “linked”?
400 If the probability of being hit by a car is 1/10 and the probability of getting speared by a falling icicle is 1/25, what is the probability that you will get hit by a car and get speared by a falling icicle in the same day? What is the probability that something bad is going to happen to you: either get hit by a car or speared by a falling icicle?