EXAM REVIEW - D. O'Hara - SPH4U1
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____1.A football player successfully kicks a field goal through the uprights situated at the south end of the stadium. What are the directions of the instantaneous velocity and acceleration, respectively, of the football at the peak of its trajectory?
a. / south, south / d. / south, upb. / up, south / e. / down, down
c. / south, down
____2.A race car completes exactly 10 laps around an oval track. Which of the following pairs of quantities concerning its motion would both have values of zero?
a. / displacement, average velocityb. / average speed, average acceleration
c. / distance, average speed
d. / average speed, average velocity
e. / displacement, average speed
____3.A bus drives 40.0 km [E] from town A to town B, then another 30.0 km [S] to town C in a total time of 1.00 h. What are the values of its average speed and average velocity, respectively?
a. / 70.0 km/h, 70.0 km/h [37º S of E] / d. / 50.0 km/h, 70.0 km/h [37º S of E]b. / 70.0 km/h, 50.0 km/h [37º S of E] / e. / 50.0 km/h [37º S of E], 70.0 km/h
c. / 50.0 km/h, 50.0 km/h [37º S of E]
____4.Which of the following graphs does NOT depict uniform motion?
a. / A and B / d. / B and Db. / C only / e. / A and E
c. / D and E
____5.Which of the following graphs depicts uniform motion?
a. / A and B / d. / B and Db. / C and D / e. / E only
c. / A and C
____6.Which of the following statements concerning motion graphs is NOT correct?
a. / The slope of a position-time graph gives velocity.b. / The area under a velocity-time graph gives displacement.
c. / The slope of a velocity-time graph gives acceleration.
d. / The area under an acceleration-time graph gives velocity.
e. / The slope of the tangent in a position-time graph gives instantaneous velocity.
____7.Which of the following statements concerning motion graphs is correct?
a. / The slope of a position-time graph gives acceleration.b. / The area under an acceleration-time graph gives instantaneous velocity.
c. / The slope of a velocity-time graph gives displacement.
d. / The area under a position-time graph gives velocity.
e. / The area under a velocity-time graph gives displacement.
____8.Which of the following descriptions best represents the acceleration-time graph of a car that pulls away from a corner when the light turns green, reaches and maintains a constant velocity, then slows down until it stops? Assume that all accelerations are uniform.
a. / All three sections of the graph are comprised of horizontal lines.b. / Two sections of the graph are diagonal lines and one is horizontal.
c. / Two sections of the graph are horizontal lines and one is diagonal.
d. / All three sections of the graph are comprised of diagonal lines.
e. / All three sections of the graph are comprised of curved lines.
____9.An object is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 25 m/s. How much time passes before it comes back down at 15 m/s? (Air resistance is negligible.)
a. / 1.0 s / d. / 18 sb. / 4.1 s / e. / 27 s
c. / 9.8 s
____10.Ignoring air resistance, which of the following are exhibiting “free fall”?
a. / an object, initially at rest, dropped out of a windowb. / an object thrown vertically downward from a window
c. / an object projected vertically upward from a window
d. / an object thrown horizontally from a window
e. / all of the above
____11.Three identical objects are thrown from the same height through a window at the same time. Object A is thrown horizontally at 4.0 m/s, object B is thrown horizontally at 8.0 m/s, and object C is simply dropped. If air resistance is negligible, which object will reach the ground first?
a. / object Ab. / object B
c. / object C
d. / objects B and C will land first and together
e. / all three will land at the same time
____12.For a javelin thrower to maximize her throwing distance, she should release the javelin at anangle
a. / of 45b. / of less than 45
c. / of greater than 45
d. / dependent on the javelin’s speed upon release
e. / dependent on the thrower’s strength
____13.A boat always points directly at the opposite shore while crossing a river. The time it will take to cross will be
a. / less if the current is strongerb. / greater if the current is stronger
c. / the same regardless of the current
d. / dependent on the strength of the current
e. / impossible to predict without more information
____14.Three identical boats set out to cross a river that has a current. Boat A points directly across the river, boat B points 20º downstream from a point straight across the river, and boat C points 20º upstream from a point straight across the river. Which boat will arrive on the opposite shore first?
a. / boat Ab. / boat B
c. / boat C
d. / it is impossible to tell with the information given
e. / all three boats will arrive at the same time
____15.The free-body diagram of a block being pushed up a rough ramp is best represented by
a. / A / d. / Db. / B / e. / E
c. / C
____16.The free-body diagram of a car in a skid with its brakes locked up is best represented by
a. / A / d. / Db. / B / e. / E
c. / C
____17.An object sits at rest on a ramp. Which of the following free-body diagrams best represents the forces acting on the object?
a. / A / d. / Db. / B / e. / E
c. / C
____18.An elevator moves downward at a constant speed. What is the relationship between the gravitational force acting on the elevator and the tension in the cable?
a. / / d. /b. / / e. /
c. /
____19.According to Newton’s third law, when you walk across a floor, the force that propels you forward is
a. / the force applied by your feet on the floorb. / the force of friction of your feet on the floor
c. / the force of the floor applied against your feet
d. / exerted upward by the floor on your feet (i.e., the normal force)
e. / the force acting on you working against gravity
____20.A 4.0-kg object, A, and a 2.0-kg object, B, are connected with a rope. A force is applied to another rope attached to the 2.0-kg object that pulls both A and B along a horizontal surface. Which of the following statements is true?
a. / The force that B exerts on A is greater than the force that A exerts on B.b. / The force that A exerts on B is greater than the force that B exerts on A.
c. / The force that B exerts on A is equal to the force that A exerts on B provided that the system slides with uniform motion.
d. / The force that B exerts on A is equal to the force that A exerts on B regardless of the motion of the system.
e. / The sum of the applied force and the force that B exerts on A is equal to the force that A exerts on B.
____21.Three masses are suspended vertically as shown in the diagram below. The system is accelerating upward. What is the relationship among the forces of tension?
a. / / d. /b. / / e. /
c. /
____22.For an object travelling with “uniform circular motion,” its acceleration is
a. / zero because the speed is constantb. / directed tangent to the circle
c. / directed toward the centre of the circle
d. / changing in magnitude depending on its position in the circle
e. / directed outward from the centre of the circle
____23.A child whirls a ball around in circles on the end of a 48 cm long string at a frequency of 2.5 Hz. What is the ball’s centripetal acceleration?
a. / 1.2 104 m/s2 / d. / 38 m/s2b. / 1.2 102 m/s2 / e. / 3.0 m/s2
c. / 47 m/s2
____24.A rock is tied to the end of a 35 cm long string and whirled around in a circle that describes a vertical plane. The tension in the string becomes zero when the speed of the rock is
a. / 9.8 102 cm/s / d. / 9.8 cm/sb. / 1.9 102 cm/s / e. / 1.9 cm/s
c. / 19 cm/s
____25.The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of a planet having twice the Earth’s mass and twice its radius would be
a. / 39.2 m/s2 / d. / 4.9 m/s2b. / 19.6 m/s2 / e. / 2.45 m/s2
c. / 9.8 m/s2
____26.Planet X has a radius 4 times that of Earth and the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of planet X is 4.9 m/s2. The mass of Planet X compared to Earth’s mass is
a. / 16 times / d. / 2 timesb. / 8 times / e. / the same
c. / 4 times
____27.The force of gravity acting on a 10-kg object at an altitude equivalent to the Earth’s radius is
a. / 49 N / d. / 5.0 Nb. / 24 N / e. / 2.4 N
c. / 9.8 N
____28.The orbital speed of a satellite at an altitude equivalent to Earth’s radius (rE = 6.38 106 m) is (mE = 5.98 1024 kg, G = 6.67 10–11 N·m2/kg2)
a. / 9.8 103 m/s / d. / 4.9 103 m/sb. / 7.9 103 m/s / e. / 2.5 103 m/s
c. / 5.6 103 m/s
____29.Astronauts on board an orbiting space station appear to be “floating” because
a. / they are in the vacuum of spaceb. / they are outside Earth’s gravitational influence
c. / the force of gravity acting on them has been reduced to an insignificant level
d. / they have become truly “weightless”
e. / they are in free fall along with the space station itself
____30.Which of the following graphs best illustrates the relationship between a satellite’s orbital radius ro and its orbital speed vo?
a. / A / d. / Db. / B / e. / E
c. / C
____31.A ripple tank is used to generate water waves. These waves are refracted as they travel from deep to shallow water. Which of the following factors, when changed, will not affect the amount of bending observed?
a. / the angle between the boundary and the incident wave frontb. / the difference in depth between the shallow and deep regions
c. / the wavelength of the incident wave
d. / the amplitude of the incident wave
e. / the frequency of the incident wave
____32.A two-point source interference pattern is generated in a ripple tank. Point P, on the second nodal line, is located 28 cm from one source and 37 cm from the other. The wavelength of the waves is
a. / 18 cm / d. / 6.0 cmb. / 14 cm / e. / 4.5 cm
c. / 9.0 cm
____33.In the diagram below (not to scale), two point sources, S1 and S2, are located 6 cm apart and are vibrating in phase. Point P is located on the first nodal line.
If the wavelength of the generated waves is cm, then PS1 – PS2 will be equal to
a. / / d. /b. / / e. /
c. /
____34.Two point sources vibrating in phase in a ripple tank are placed a fixed distance apart, creating a stationary nodal line pattern. Which of the following statements concerning the nodal lines is incorrect?
a. / In areas between the nodal lines, energy is transmitted away from the sources.b. / When the distance from the sources is large, the nodal line separation is one-half of a wavelength.
c. / The path length difference from the sources to any point on a given nodal line is a fixed value.
d. / Nodal lines are a result of continuous destructive interference.
e. / The nodal lines are hyperbolas, becoming essentially straight lines at great distances from the source.
____35.In a two-point source interference pattern in a ripple tank, a point is one-half wavelength farther from one source than the other. If the two sources are in phase, then there is
a. / destructive interference at this pointb. / constructive interference at this point
c. / both constructive and destructive interference simultaneously
d. / neither constructive nor destructive interference at this point
e. / no interaction between the two waves at this point
____36.Two speakers producing exactly the same frequency and always in phase are located on an east–west line emitting sound toward the north. The speakers are 30 cm apart and a microphone is located 40 cm due north of one speaker. Which of the following wavelengths would produce sound with the loudest intensity at the location of the microphone?
a. / 50 cm / d. / 20 cmb. / 40 cm / e. / 10 cm
c. / 30 cm
____37.A student counts a total of eight nodal lines on each side of a two-point source interference pattern and measures the sources to be 15 cm apart. What is the approximate wavelength of the waves?
a. / 0.50 cm / d. / 15 cmb. / 2.0 cm / e. / none of the above
c. / 7.5 cm
____38.A two-point source interference pattern is generated in a ripple tank by identical sources vibrating in phase and located 12.0 cm apart. There are seven nodal lines observed on each side of the centre line. If the wavelength of the sources is doubled and they remain in phase
a. / the number of nodal lines observed doublesb. / the frequency doubles
c. / the speed of the wave doubles
d. / the number of nodal lines decreases to half
e. / the average distance between nodal lines decreases
____39.Consider the following properties of light:
I.rectilinear propagation
II.reflection
III.refraction
IV.diffraction
V.partial reflection-refraction
Which of these properties did Newton have trouble explaining with his theory of light?
a. / III only / d. / IV and V onlyb. / IV only / e. / III and V only
c. / III and IV only
____40.A satellite receiver reflects incoming radio waves in a similar manner as
a. / straight water waves reflect from a straight barrierb. / circular water waves reflect from a circular barrier
c. / straight water waves reflect from a concave barrier
d. / straight water waves reflect from a convex barrier
e. / circular water waves reflect from a straight barrier
____41.Which of the following properties of light cannot be explained by the particle theory but can easily be explained by the wave theory?
a. / rectilinear propagation / d. / dispersionb. / transmission in a vacuum / e. / diffraction
c. / refraction
____42.A student wishes to perform Young’s double-slit experiment to measure the wavelength of light of a given source. The student has measured the average distance between adjacent dark bands and the distance from the slits to the screen. What other measurement is required to calculate the wavelength?
a. / the location of the central bright lineb. / the distance between the source and the slits
c. / the angle between the central bright line and first nodal line
d. / the distance separating the two slits
e. / the distance between the centre of the two slits and any given dark band
____43.A student performs a double-slit experiment using two slits spaced 0.20 mm apart and located 1.50 m from the screen. The monochromatic light source creates an interference pattern in which the average distance between dark bands is 0.45 cm. What is the wavelength of the light being used?
a. / 6.0 10–9 m / d. / 6.0 10–5 mb. / 6.0 10–8 m / e. / 15 m
c. / 6.0 10–7 m
____44.A student performs a double-slit experiment using a monochromatic light source, two slits spaced 0.10 mm apart, and a screen located 150 cm away. The bright fringes are located 0.30 cm apart. If the distance between the slits was changed to 0.20 mm, what would the average distance between bright fringes become?
a. / 0.15 cm / d. / 0.60 cmb. / 0.30 cm / e. / 1.5 m
c. / 0.50 cm
____45.A student performs a double-slit experiment using two slits spaced 0.25 mm apart and located 3.0 m from a screen. Infrared light with a wavelength of 1200 nm is used and film sensitive to infrared light is used as the screen. What is the average distance between adjacent dark bands on the exposed film?
a. / 2.8 m / d. / 2.8 cmb. / 1.4 m / e. / 1.4 cm
c. / 14 cm
____46.Time is
a. / dependent on the observer / d. / simultaneous in all casesb. / absolute / e. / never changing
c. / the same for different observers
____47.A beam of light is shone forward from a moving vehicle. The speed of light leaving the vehicle will be
a. / dependent on the speed of the vehicleb. / the addition of the speed of light plus the speed of the vehicle
c. / constant at the speed of light
d. / slower so that the addition of the vehicle’s speed corrects it
e. / none of the above
____48.The Lorentz contraction will apply to which of the following dimensions of an object:
a. / height relative to direction / d. / all dimensions equallyb. / length relative to direction / e. / no contraction occurs
c. / width perpendicular to direction
____49.Flying in a fast rocket ship at a speed of 0.82c, you observe both your watch and a clock outside. Which of the following statements is true?
a. / Time will appear to be the same for you but slower outside.b. / Time will appear slower for you but normal outside.
c. / Neither clock runs slow.
d. / Both clocks run slow.
e. / none of the above
____50.Two spaceships are heading toward each other at a mutual speed of 0.999c. Both ships shine a laser beam at one another. How will each ship see the other light?
a. / Both ships will see the light travelling at 2c.b. / Neither ship will see any light.
c. / Both ships will see the light travelling at c.
d. / One ship will see the light travelling at c, and the other will see it travelling at 2c.
e. / none of the above
____51.Mission control would like an cosmonaut to check her heart rate. She is flying at 0.50c. If a normal heart rate is 72 beats/min, what would a normal heart rate appear to be for the cosmonaut?
a. / 288 beats/min / d. / 72 beats/minb. / 62 beats/min / e. / 18 beats/min
c. / 83 beats/min
____52.The relativistic momentum of an atomic particle of mass 1.62 10–27 kg moving at 0.92c is
a. / 1.14 10–18 kg·m/s / d. / 3.81 10–27 kg·m/sb. / 1.75 10–19 kg·m/s / e. / 5.84 10–28 kg·m/s
c. / 3.29 10–19 kg·m/s
____53.The equation E = mc2 illustrates that
a. / travelling at the speed of light converts matter into energyb. / rest mass and energy are equivalent
c. / energy can be converted into mass
d. / matter can be converted into energy
e. / both b and d
____54.The total energy of a particle
a. / can never increase or decreaseb. / will increase due to the speed of light
c. / will decrease due to the speed of light
d. / will reach a limit before the speed of light
e. / none of the above
____55.The total energy, in joules, of a 0.01-kg object moving at 0.55c is
a. / 7.38 1014 J / d. / 4.13 1015 Jb. / 1.08 1015 J / e. / 6.58 10–3 J
c. / 4.34 1014 J
____56.The energy, in joules, of light with a frequency of 5.6 1016 Hz is
a. / 5.6 1016 J / d. / 1.2 10–50 Jb. / 8.4 1049 J / e. / 6.63 10–34 J
c. / 3.7 10–17 J
____57.In the photoelectric effect, as the frequency of light shining on a piece of metal increases, the ejected electron
a. / gains kinetic energy / d. / increases in number of electronsb. / loses velocity / e. / none of the above
c. / remains unchanged
____58.In the photoelectric effect, the work function is
a. / the amount of energy required to release an electronb. / the same as the threshold frequency
c. / the amount of kinetic energy possessed by the electron
d. / dependent on the frequency of light
e. / none of the above
____59.The momentum of a photon with a wavelength of 635 nm is
a. / 4.21 10–40 kg·m/s / d. / 1.04 10–36 kg·m/sb. / 1.04 10–27 kg·m/s / e. / 4.21 10–31 kg·m/s
c. / 9.57 1026 kg·m/s
____60.A 200-g apple falling at 3.0 m/s has a de Broglie wavelength of
a. / 4.42 10–33 m / d. / 1.1 1–35 mb. / 4.42 10–35 m / e. / 9.9 10–36 m
c. / 1.1 10–33 m
____61.An electron with 5.8 eV of energy strikes a mercury atom with energy levels of 4.9 eV and 6.67 eV. What energy will the electron posses after the collision?
a. / 0.0 eV / d. / 1.2 eVb. / 0.9 eV / e. / 1.77 eV
c. / 0.87 eV
____62.The change in energy in moving from the first to the second energy level of hydrogen would be an increase of
a. / 2 times / d. / timesb. / times / e. / none of the above
c. / 4 times
____63.A net force of 12 N changes the momentum of a 250-g ball by 3.7 kgm/s. The force acts for
a. / 0.31 s / d. / 3.2 sb. / 0.81 s / e. / 44 s
c. / 1.2 s
____64.A car with a mass of 1800 kg slows from 42 km/h [E] to 28 km/h [E]. The impulse from the brakes is
a. / 2.5 104 Ns [E] / d. / 2.1 104 Ns [W]b. / 2.5 104 Ns [W] / e. / 7.0 103 Ns [W]
c. / 2.1 104 Ns [E]
____65.A 1.5-kg bird is flying at a velocity of 18 m/s [22º above the horizontal]. The vertical component of its momentum is
a. / 10 m/s [up] (2 significant digits) / d. / 17 m/s [up]b. / 6.7 kgm/s [up] / e. / none of the above
c. / 25 kgm/s [up]
____66.A bullet with a mass of 28 g is fired from a 2.8-kg gun that is stationary, but free to recoil. After the bullet is fired, the gun is observed to be moving at 1.4 m/s [left]. The velocity of the bullet is
a. / 140 m/s [left] / d. / 71 m/s [left]b. / 140 m/s [right] / e. / 71 m/s
c. / 71 m/s [right]
____67.An arrow slows down from 43 m/s to 28 m/s as it passes through an apple. If the 493-g apple was originally at rest and sped up to 0.44 m/s, the mass of the arrow is
a. / 5.0 g / d. / 29 gb. / 7.7 g / e. / 7.7 kg
c. / 14 g
____68.A moving curling stone, A, collides head on with a stationary stone, B. Both stones are of identical mass. If friction is negligible during this linear elastic collision,
a. / stone A will slow downb. / after the collision, the momentum of stone B will be less than that of stone A
c. / both stones will come to rest shortly after the collision
d. / after the collision, the kinetic energy of the stone B will be less than that of stone A
e. / after the collision, stone A will have a speed of zero
____69.A sabotaged curling stone explodes into three pieces as it travels across the ice. Neglecting the force of friction,
a. / all three pieces will travel at the same speedb. / the magnitudes of the momenta for each piece will be the same
c. / an external net force had to act on the stone to accelerate the three pieces
d. / the components perpendicular to the original motion must add up to zero
e. / momentum is not conserved because of the small explosive charge
____70.A two-dimensional collision occurs as shown below.