Emerson Bualat
Jacob Nishimura
Intellectual & Cultural Movements
The Glorious Revolution:
● William and Mary agreed to a new Bill of Rights, limiting the power of the monarch, creating a constitutional monarchy.
●This “Glorious Revolution” was one of the first times the power of a monarch was restricted, and even without blood being shed.
Glorious Rev, Affects In America
● The Glorious Revolution was seen by colonists as a change in thought, and to question authority of the king.
● This change in thought led to the American Revolution, which used the Glorious revolution as an example.
The Rise of Colonial Assemblies:
●These assemblies limited the power of crown officials
●Began to elect their own leadership of the assemblies, the elite
●This crowd led to the overthrow of the Dominion of England in 1689.
●Created a political system that was responsive to popular pressure and resistance to British control.
The Capitalist Commonwealth:
●“a Nation of Merchants keen in the pursuit of wealth in all the various modes of acquiring it.”-a British visitor.
●The creation of the First Bank of the United States, that issued notes and made commercial loans (later their charter expired for Jackson refused to renew it). Afterward the Second Bank of the United States was created along with state banks, due to banking policies, a financial crisis occurred resulting in the Panic of 1819.
● Artisans and yeomen joined the market economy.
● Entrepreneurs developed rural manufacturing networks, merchants would buy the material, workers would process them, and then sold the products to regional or national markets.
●Business expansion resulted in innovations in organizing production and in marketing.
●Merchants built water powered mills to run machines that combed wool (later cotton) into long strands. There was thee transfer of spinning and weaving to factories.
●Led to some New England farmers switching to selling animal products instead of crops.
●This new trend of manufacturing had harmful effect on the environment, trees cut down, altered river flow, and odors.
●New capitalist-run market economy, rural families work longer and harder.
●Transportation began to improve, charters were given to companies to create transportation routes.
●Mercantilism: government-assisted economic development.
●Laws were created to increase the “commonwealth”, ex: the Mill Dam Act of 1795
●Created a republican political economy: a commonwealth system that funneled state aid to private businesses whose projects would improve general welfare.
The Enlightenment (in America):
●Recognized the human condition and how to improve the state of things
●The intellectuals questioned everything, including traditional morals and traditions
●People were inspired to use reason
●Schools and libraries were established
●Deism: the belief in a rational god who created the universe not to intervene
●Concepts Americans took from the Enlightenment that affected the revolution: freedom from oppression, natural rights, and a new way of viewing the structure of government
First Great Awakening:
●Religious movement in the 1730s within protestant churches
●Focused on strengthening the individual's relationship with Christ
●Called for one to set him/herself to a higher moral standard
●Made people put more focus into their everyday lives instead of focusing on the afterlife, causing more people to challenge traditional authority and inspiring hard work
Second Great Awakening:
●Started in the 1790s as Baptists, Methodists, and Universalists converted in New England
●It was a spiritual resurgence that fundamentally altered the character of American religion.
●Made the United States a genuinely Christian Society.
●Expansion of Protestant missions throughout U.S.
●Most successful churches were those that preached spiritual equality and governed themselves democratically.
●Transformed the denominational makeup of American religion.
●Planters were encouraged to convert their slaves to Protestant Christianity.
●Fostered cooperation among denominations.
American Revolution:
●Fed up with the unfair treatment given to colonist by King George III and the English Parliament, including the Intolerable Acts, the Stamps Acts, the Proclamation line of 1763, and other heavy taxes
●Led to the American Revolution
●Made America it’s own country
●Later inspired the French Revolution
The Abolitionist Movement:
●Based mainly in the North
●North first outlawed slavery above the Mason-Dixon line, in between Pennsylvania and Maryland
●Founded on the principle that Slavery is an evil that must be abolished
●Did not mean full equality, only a few radicals believed in full equality
●Came out of ideas from the first great awakening
●Many believed in the idea of abolition, but thought slaves should not be equal
●Started to question long standing tradition of slavery
●Those who believed it was wrong, started influence law makers
●When expansion came to America Abolitionists called for slavery to be restricted to where it is, but Southern wanted to expand into new lands with their slaves
●Several compromise were stuck to limit international slave trade, expansion of slavery, and how slaves are to be counted in terms of population
●The idea of popular sovereignty was used by statesmen saying the states should be able to decide for themselves
●When these states were able to decide for themselves many abolitionist and proslavery people moved to these states to vote causing bloody conflict.
● Laws that came out of the abolitionist movement: the 13th amendment, 14th amendment, and 15th amendment
Westward Expansion:
●Jefferson believed that westward expansion was the key to the nation’s health
●Louisiana Purchase, when Jefferson bought the Louisiana territory from the french for $15 million was the beginning of the expansion era
●Manifest Destiny: the belief that the expansion of the U.S. throughout America was justified and inevitable
●In 1845, named John O’Sullivan describes the reason for westward expansion was to spread the “great experiment of liberty”
●There was the large question of whether to expand slavery into the west
●The Missouri Compromise was an attempt to solve this problem, it made Missouri a slave state and let Maine enter as a free state
Women’s Rights:
●Women’s Suffrage Association
●Seneca Falls Convention- meeting in Seneca Fall NY in 1849 with a bunch of women to talk about women's rights, wrote a declaration for the rights of women, as a revised declaration of Independence
●Lucretia mott- famous suffragette, attended world anti-slavery conference with Liz Stanton and was pushed away due to gender, helped found Swarthmore College
●Elizabeth Cady Stanton- famous suffragette, attended world anti-slavery conference with Lucretia Mott and was pushed away due to gender