Electronic Supplementary Material For s6

ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL FOR:

Palaeothentid marsupials of the Salla beds of Bolivia (Late Oligocene): Two new species and Insights into the Post-Eocene radiation of Palaeothentoids

Ascanio D. Rincón1*, Bruce J. Shockey2, Federico Anaya3, Andrés Solórzano1

1 Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de Ecología, Laboratorio de Paleontología, Km 11 de la Carretera Panamericana, Apartado Postal 21827, Caracas 1020–A–Venezuela. e-mail: ;

2 Biology Department, Manhattan College and the Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA, e-mail:

3Facultad de Ingeniería Geológica, Universidad Autónoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia, email:

The Electronic Supplementary Material includes:

1. Description of the four new characters development for new cladistics analysis, while the others 74 characters were based on Abello, 2013.

2. Character matrix used in this report (Modified from Abello, 2013).

3. TNT outputs obtain for the distinct cladistics analysis (figures and lists). The methodology employed for the analyses are detailed described in the main text (section material and methods).

3.1 Figure 1. TNT output with the strict consensus of the 250 MPTs, using the character matrix previously described and the ‘implied weight’ methodology with k=3.

3.2 Figure 2. TNT output with the GC values for the symmetric resampling values to the 250 MPTs, using the character matrix previously described and the ‘implied weight’ methodology.

3.3 Figure 3. TNT output with the synapomorphies common to the 250 MPTs, using the character matrix previously described and the ‘implied weight’ methodology with k=3.

3.4. List of synapomorphies common obtains for the figure 3.

3.5 Figure 4. TNT output with the strict consensus of the 8060 MPTs, using the character matrix previously described and the ‘prior weight’ methodology.

3.6 Figure 5. TNT output with the majority rule of the 8060 MPTs, using the character matrix previously described and the ‘prior weight’ methodology.

3.7 Figure 6. TNT output with the GC values for the symmetric resampling values to the 8060 MPTs, using the character matrix previously described and the ‘prior weight’ methodology.

3.7 Figure 7. TNT output with the synapomorphies common to the majority rule tree show in the figure 5, using the character matrix previously described and the ‘prior weight’ methodology.

3.8 List of synapomorphies common obtains for the figure 7.

4. Tables.

4.1 Table 1. Measurements (in mm) of the upper dentition of the palaeothentids marsupials of the Salla Beds of Bolivia, including the new described species, and the *Villarroel specimen (Villarroel and Marshall, 1982).

4.2 Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of the lower dentition of the palaeothentids marsupials of the Salla Beds of Bolivia, including the new described species.

5. References

ESM_1. New characters development for the new cladistics analysis (for rest of characters descriptions see Abello, 2013)

Char 75.- Occlusal surface in m2 trigonid: trigonid smaller than talonid (0); trigonid and talonid subequal in occlusal view (1).

Char 76.- Entoconid notch in m1: entoconid notch (the gap between the entoconid and metaconid), “U” shaped in medial view (0); “V” shaped (1).

Char 77.- Hypoflexid m1: shallow and wide (0); hypoflexid deep and narrow, forming a vertical crest (1).

Char 78.- Mesiolabial cingulid of m1: present and follows the contour of the trigonid border (0); strongly developed and projected anterolabially (1).

ESM_2. Matrix characters used in this report (Modified from Abello, 2013)

A_clemensi ----0000000010000-0010000000000000000000000000------000000-000--0-00--0--0110

P_andinus 00000000000000000-00000000000000000000000100000000000000000-000--1-0000100-110

D_albiventris 00000000000000000-000001000000000000000001000000000001---00-000--1-0000--01100

D_singularis -100-0-----0------0000000000000000-0-010000------000000-000--2-0000100----

R_capricornicus ------030000-221------000--110-1-0----0------0------10

Bardalestes_sp. ------0------000--11-0-0-0100------00-00--100--2-00--1------

B_hunco ------0------00-001-1000-2400--1------

E_hadrommatos 0------0------0000100000001100-0-01001-00-----111101120000330001200----

Evolestes_sp. ------00--0--2000000100000001100-0-010010------111101120030330001200----

"L_inca" 2010010001011100-200000110100010110211111011100100001121111-102131011-200-0100

C_fuliginosus 120*0000001011100-200000110100010110211111011100100001121110-102131011-2000000

R_raphanururs 12010000001011100-2000000101000101102111110111001000011210123102131011-2000000

S_dissimile -20*0000001001100-200001010000010110200001001100100001121112-101031011-2000010

sp_nov_2 -20100-----001100-2000010100000101102--0010011------11210123101031011-200----

P_venetus -2011000001011100-200------001---10-1-10---11------0------00

P_tripotamicus -20-1000001011100-2001001100001011102111010011------0------01--

sp_nov.1 ----0000001001100-2001001100000001102100010011------0------

sp_nov.3 -20--0-----0------000110000010110----110110------0------

P_gracilis -2000000011101100-1001001100110101111--0010000------0------0000

sp_nov.4 -2000000011101100-1001001100110301111--0010000------111001221011300100200----

P_riggsi -20-0000011101100-1001012200110211111--0010000------1110012210113001002000-00

P_centinelus -20-0000---101100-1001012200111001111--001000000100001110-1--1011300---2000100

P_osborni ------1------1012200111001111---010000------0------0-00

P_halleuxi -2--00-0011101100-100------110---11---0----0------0------000

Q_almagaucha ------1------100110-110001111---01000------0------1--0

sp_nov.5 -2-10000011101100-1001001100110101111--0010000------111101231011300100200----

S_mahaynaq -20--0-----1------021100111401110---010000------1----1--10--3-0------0110

P_cardichi ------1------1021100110001110---01000------1122011210103100012000100

P_fraileyi ------101100-000-021100110-0111----01000------1-2-----0----0------

P_boliviensis ----00111011312-10222202110010140011---00100001010100-1---11-1----1-1012-00-00

P_lucina -2--00-1-011212010222202210010040011---001002010101011112011210103101012100010

P_antiqua ----001110-1212-102--2021100101400110--00000001010101111301121010310101200-1--

P_intermedia ----001110-1------2021100101400110---010000------1113011210103101012000110

C_chubutensis -2--001100113120112122---200101400110--0010020------0------0100

P_pascuali ----0011001131001121221--200100400111--000002------0------0110

P_minutus 020100*1001131001121221--200100400111--000002010101001122111-10213101012100110

P_intermedius -2010011001131001121221--200100400111--000002010101001122111-10213101012100110

P_lemoinei -2010011001131001121221--200101400111--000002010101001122111-10213101012100110

P_aratae -20-0011001131001121221--200101400111--0000020101010011220113102131010-2100110

P_primus -20100*1001131001121221--200100400113--0010020------1122011310213101012100110

P_marshalli -2--0011001131001021221--200100400111--0000020-0-01--1122011310213101012100110

P_migueli -2010011001131001121221--200100400111--0000020------112201131021310-012100110

A_owenii -2011*01001141111120221--200001400113--001002020101001122111-10213201022100010

A_lemairei 02011001001141111120221--200001400113--001002020101001122111-10213201022100-10

A_maddeni ------2010100-12--11-1--1-2-1--2-0----

Titanothentes_sp. -20-1001001141111121221--200101400113--0010020------1122111-1021320102210----

T_rothi -20-100100114111112122021200000400110--0010020------112201131021320102210--10

T_simpsoni -2--1101001141111121221--200101400113--0010020------0------10

A_bonapartei -2--10010011------2-1--20000140011---001002------0------10

P_bicrispatus -20100111011501012--220211111114001-0--001002010111011122111-10203111012001--0

P_minusculus -2--00111011511012---1---11111140011---0010020------1------0--0

A_crispus -211110100115------21021111111400110--001002011111111122111-11---11003201110-

A_meridionalis -211110100115------211--111111400110--001002011111111122111-11---110032010--0

A_aisenense -2-1------115------211--111111400110--001002011111111122111-11---11-03201110-

P_minimus -21110*100115------21021111111402110--00-10201111111112201131020311003201110-

P_chenche -21-110100115------1---111111402110--00-1020------1------110-

P_rothi ------1------102-111111402110--00-102------1------1---

A_ILLIMANI 0-0-0011001131001221221--200101400111--001002010101001122011310213101012100011

A_QUIMSACRUZA 0-010011001131001221221--200101400111--0010020------0011

ESM_3. TNT outputs obtain for the distinct cladistics analysis (see main text for details).

Figure 1. TNT output with the strict consensus of the 250 MPTs, (TBR= 21.838; CI= 0.498; RI= 0.838), using the character matrix previously described and the ‘implied weight’ methodology with k=3.

Figure 2. TNT output with the GC values for the symmetric resampling values to the 250 MPTs (P=33; average group support= 22.4), using the character matrix previously described and the ‘implied weight’ methodology.

Figure 3. TNT output with the synapomorphies common to the 250 MPTs, (TBR= 21.838; CI= 0.498; RI= 0.838), using the character matrix previously described and the ‘implied weight’ methodology.

TNT output with the list of synapomorphies common to the 250 MPTs show in the figure 2, using the character matrix previously described and the ‘implied weight’ methodology (noted that the character enumeration were considered by the TNT software as the original number of the characters of the ESM_1 – 1).

Synapomorphies common to 250 trees

(Node numbers refer to nodes in consensus)

A_clemensi :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_andinus :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

D_albiventris :

All trees:

Char. 74: 0 --> 1

D_singularis :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

R_capricornicus :

All trees:

Char. 12: 0 --> 3

Char. 19: 0 --> 2

Char. 20: 0 --> 1

Char. 44: 1 --> 0

Char. 76: 0 --> 1

Bardalestes_sp. :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

B_hunco :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

E_hadrommatos :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

Evolestes_sp. :

All trees:

Char. 63: 01 --> 3

"L_inca" :

All trees:

Char. 0: 0 --> 2

Char. 2: 0 --> 1

Char. 5: 0 --> 1

Char. 9: 0 --> 1

Char. 11: 0 --> 1

Char. 12: 0 --> 1

Char. 24: 0 --> 1

Char. 26: 0 --> 1

Char. 30: 0 --> 1

Char. 32: 0 --> 1

Char. 35: 0 --> 2

Char. 36: 0 --> 1

Char. 38: 0 --> 1

Char. 39: 0 --> 1

Char. 40: 0 --> 1

Char. 41: 1 --> 0

Char. 42: 0 --> 1

Char. 43: 0 --> 1

Char. 47: 0 --> 1

Char. 52: 0 --> 1

Char. 57: 0 --> 1

Char. 62: 0 --> 2

Char. 67: 0 --> 1

Char. 68: 0 --> 1

C_fuliginosus :

All trees:

Char. 57: 0 --> 1

Char. 59: 2 --> 0

R_raphanururs :

All trees:

Char. 24: 1 --> 0

S_dissimile :

All trees:

Char. 57: 0 --> 1

sp_nov_2 :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_venetus :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_tripotamicus :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

sp_nov.1 :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

sp_nov.3 :

All trees:

Char. 45: 1 --> 0

P_gracilis :

Some trees:

Char. 31: 0 --> 1

sp_nov.4 :

Some trees:

Char. 31: 0 --> 3

P_riggsi :

All trees:

Char. 31: 0 --> 2

Char. 32: 0 --> 1

P_centinelus :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_osborni :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_halleuxi :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

Q_almagaucha :

All trees:

Char. 74: 0 --> 1

sp_nov.5 :

All trees:

Char. 31: 0 --> 1

Char. 60: 2 --> 3

S_mahaynaq :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_cardichi :

All trees:

Char. 68: 1 --> 0

P_fraileyi :

All trees:

Char. 18: 2 --> 0

P_boliviensis :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_lucina :

All trees:

Char. 24: 1 --> 2

Char. 30: 1 --> 0

Char. 75: 1 --> 0

P_antiqua :

All trees:

Char. 41: 1 --> 0

P_intermedia :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

C_chubutensis :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_pascuali :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_minutus :

Some trees:

Char. 57: 0 --> 1

P_intermedius :

Some trees:

Char. 57: 0 --> 1

P_lemoinei :

Some trees:

Char. 30: 0 --> 1

Char. 57: 0 --> 1

P_aratae :

Some trees:

Char. 30: 0 --> 1

P_primus :

All trees:

Char. 30: 1 --> 0

P_marshalli :

All trees:

Char. 17: 1 --> 0

P_migueli :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

A_owenii :

Some trees:

Char. 19: 1 --> 0

A_lemairei :

Some trees:

Char. 19: 1 --> 0

A_maddeni :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

Titanothentes_sp. :

Some trees:

Char. 28: 0 --> 1

T_rothi :

All trees:

Char. 22: 1 --> 0

Char. 30: 1 --> 0

Char. 36: 3 --> 0

Some trees:

Char. 28: 01 --> 0

Char. 57: 1 --> 0

T_simpsoni :

All trees:

Char. 5: 0 --> 1

Some trees:

Char. 28: 01 --> 1

A_bonapartei :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_bicrispatus :

All trees:

Char. 21: 1 --> 2

P_minusculus :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

A_crispus :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

A_meridionalis :

All trees:

Char. 74: 1 --> 0

A_aisenense :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_minimus :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_chenche :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

P_rothi :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

A_ILLIMANI :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

A_QUIMSACRUZA :

All trees:

No autapomorphies:

Node 60 :

All trees:

Char. 71: 0 --> 1

Node 61 :

All trees:

No synapomorphies

Node 62 :

All trees:

Char. 53: 0 --> 1

Char. 76: 1 --> 0

Node 63 :

All trees:

Char. 65: 1 --> 2

Node 64 :

All trees:

Char. 18: 0 --> 2

Char. 25: 0 --> 1

Char. 34: 0 --> 1

Char. 65: 1 --> 3

Char. 71: 0 --> 2

Node 65 :

All trees:

Char. 33: 0 --> 1

Char. 37: 0 --> 1

Char. 44: 0 --> 1

Char. 58: 0 --> 1

Node 66 :

All trees:

Char. 60: 0 --> 1

Node 67 :

All trees:

Char. 27: 0 --> 1

Node 68 :

All trees:

Char. 31: 0 --> 1

Char. 40: 0 --> 1

Char. 43: 0 --> 1

Node 69 :

All trees:

Char. 12: 0 --> 1

Char. 38: 0 --> 1

Char. 39: 0 --> 1

Node 70 :

All trees:

Char. 36: 0 --> 2

Char. 45: 0 --> 1

Char. 60: 2 --> 3

Char. 69: 0 --> 1

Node 71 :

All trees:

Char. 14: 0 --> 1

Char. 24: 0 --> 1

Char. 61: 0 --> 1

Char. 66: 3 --> 1

Char. 68: 0 --> 1

Node 72 :

All trees:

Char. 23: 0 --> 1

Char. 24: 1 --> 0

Char. 31: 0 --> 1

Node 73 :

All trees:

Char. 4: 0 --> 1

Char. 30: 0 --> 1

Node 74 :

All trees:

Char. 9: 0 --> 1

Char. 18: 2 --> 1

Char. 36: 0 --> 1

Char. 64: 0 --> 1

Char. 66: 1 --> 0

Char. 70: 1 --> 0

Node 75 :

All trees:

Char. 11: 0 --> 1

Char. 28: 0 --> 1

Char. 29: 0 --> 1

Char. 35: 0 --> 1

Char. 44: 1 --> 0

Node 76 :

All trees:

Char. 23: 0 --> 1

Char. 24: 1 --> 2

Char. 25: 1 --> 2

Node 77 :

All trees:

Char. 30: 0 --> 1

Node 78 :

All trees:

Char. 30: 0 --> 1

Char. 31: 0 --> 4

Node 79 :

All trees:

Char. 23: 0 --> 2

Some trees:

Char. 56: 1 --> 2

Node 80 :

All trees:

Char. 12: 2 --> 3

Char. 52: 1 --> 0

Node 81 :

All trees:

Char. 72: 0 --> 1

Node 82 :

All trees:

Char. 14: 1 --> 2

Char. 17: 2 --> 0

Char. 21: 1 --> 2

Char. 29: 1 --> 0

Node 83 :

All trees:

Char. 33: 1 --> 0

Node 84 :

All trees:

Char. 56: 2 --> 3

Node 85 :

All trees:

Char. 8: 1 --> 0

Char. 17: 0 --> 1

Char. 19: 2 --> 1

Char. 25: 1 --> 2

Node 86 :

All trees:

Char. 41: 1 --> 0

Some trees:

Char. 30: 1 --> 0

Node 87 :

All trees:

Char. 14: 2 --> 0

Char. 36: 0 --> 13

Node 88 :

All trees:

Char. 4: 0 --> 1

Char. 12: 3 --> 4

Char. 14: 0 --> 1

Char. 15: 0 --> 1

Char. 66: 1 --> 2

Char. 70: 1 --> 2

Some trees:

Char. 6: 1 --> 0

Char. 28: 1 --> 01

Char. 46: 1 --> 2

Char. 57: 0 --> 1

Node 89 :

All trees:

Char. 74: 0 --> 1

Node 90 :

All trees:

Char. 26: 0 --> 1

Char. 27: 0 --> 1

Char. 67: 0 --> 1

Node 91 :

All trees:

Char. 62: 0 --> 1

Node 92 :

All trees:

Char. 2: 0 --> 1

Char. 4: 0 --> 1

Char. 6: 1 --> 0

Char. 8: 1 --> 0

Char. 47: 0 --> 1

Char. 51: 0 --> 1

Char. 68: 1 --> 0

Char. 70: 1 --> 3

Char. 73: 0 --> 1

Node 93 :

All trees:

Char. 22: 0 --> 1

Node 94 :

All trees:

Char. 33: 0 --> 2

Char. 42: 0 --> 1

Node 95 :

All trees:

Char. 17: 1 --> 2

Char. 75: 1 --> 0

Char. 77: 0 --> 1

Time 1.78 secs.

Figure 4. TNT output with the strict consensus of the 8060 MPTs (TBR=239), using the character matrix previously described and the ‘prior weight’ methodology (noted the loss of resolution compared with the implied weight methodology, Figure 1).