Electronic Supplementary Material (Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering)
Continuous harvest of marine microalgae by use of electrolysis: effect of pulse waveform of polarity exchange
Jungmin Kim1, Byung-Gon Ryu2, You-Jin Lee3, Jong-In Han4, Woong Kim1* and Ji-Won Yang1,5*
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
2Environmental & Energy Program, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
3Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute 12, Bulmosan-ro 10beon-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 642-120, Republic of Korea
4Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
5Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
*Corresponding authors
Tel.: +82 42 350 3924; fax: +82 42 350 8858.
E-mail address: (J.-W. Yang) and (W. Kim)
Figures
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Supplementary Fig. 1. Residuals vs. predicted values for (a) recovery efficiency, (b) electricity consumption, and (c) residual Al concentration.
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Supplementary Fig. 2. Residuals vs. run orders for (a) recovery efficiency, (b) electricity consumption, and (c) residual Al concentration.
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Supplementary Fig. 3. Normal probability plot of residuals for (a) recovery efficiency, (b) electricity consumption, and (c) residual Al concentration.
Table
Supplementary Table 1. Evaluation of microbial oil quality: cetane number (CN)a, iodine value (IV)b, degree of unsaturation (DU)c and cold filter plugging point (CFPP)d.
Sources for biodiesel / CN1e / CN2f / IV / DU / CFPP (°C) / ReferencesN. oceanica harvested by electrolysis / 68.76 / 64.03 / 43.53 / 51.98 / -7.14 / This study
Soybean / 54.86 / 53.1 / 84.89 / 96.75 / -4.41 / Tong et al. [1]
Sunflower / 49.48 / 47.35 / 112.56 / 130.3 / -7.01 / Tong et al. [1]
Palm / 62.33 / 60.98 / 52.42 / 60.6 / 3.21 / Tong et al. [1]
aRelated to the ignition delay and combustion quality of engine performance.
bRelated to the formation of deposits or to deterioration of the lubricating [2], IV = 0.95·C16:1 (wt.%) + 0.86·C18:1+1.732·C18:2+2.616·C18:3 + 0.785·C20:1 + 0.723·C22:1 [3].
cRelated to the oxidation stability of oil, DU = monounsaturated (wt.%) + 2·polyunsaturated [4].
dThe lowest temperature giving trouble free flow in engine relying on the long chain saturated ester content, CFPP (°C) = 3.0147·LSCF – 16.477 and LCSF (long chain saturated factor) = 0.1·C16 (wt.%) + 0.5·C18 + 1·C20 + 1.5·C22 + 2·C24 [4].
eCN1 = 61.1 + 0.088·C14 (wt.%) + 0.133·C16 + 0.152·C16:1 - 0.101·C18 - 0.039·C18:1 - 0.243·C18:2 - 0.395·C18:3 [5].
fCN2 = 62.2 + 0.017·C12 (wt.%) + 0.074·C14 + 0.115·C16 + 0.177·C18 - 0.103·C18:1 - 0.279·C18:2 - 0.366·C18:3 [6].
Supplementary References
[1] Tong D, Hu C, Jiang K, Li Y (2011) Cetane number prediction of biodiesel from the composition of the fatty acid methyl esters. J Am Oil Chem Soc 88:415-423
[2] Mittelbach M (1996) Diesel fuel derived from vegetable oils, VI: specifications and quality control of biodiesel. Bioresour Technol 56:7-11
[3] European Committee for Standardization (2008) EN 14214: Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines - Requirements and test methods
[4] Ramos MJ, Fernández CM, Casas A, Rodríguez L, Pérez Á (2009) Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties. Bioresour Technol 100:261-268
[5] Bamgboye AI, Hansen AC (2008) Prediction of cetane number of biodiesel fuel from the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition. Int Agrophysics 22:21-29
[6] Gopinath A, Puhan S, Nagarajan G (2009) Relating the cetane number of biodiesel fuels to their fatty acid composition: a critical study. Proc Inst Mech Eng 223:565-583