Electronic Appendix 1. Species sampled at the Federal University of São Carlos, southeastern Brazil (approximately 22°00’S, 47°51’W); at the Onça stream, in Brasília municipality (approximately 15°50’S, 47°50’W; Oliveira and Paula 2001); and in the reserve of the Brasília Botanic Garden (approximately 15°58’S, 47°51’W; Oliveira and Gibbs 2000), in Brasília municipality, central Brazil. Growth forms according to Cornelissen et al. (2003).

Municipality / Vegetation type / Family / Species / Growth form
Brasília / gallery forest / Anacardiaceae / Tapirira guianensis / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Annonaceae / Guatteria sellowiana / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Annonaceae / Xylopia emarginata / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Annonaceae / Xylopia sericea / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Apiaceae / Albertia macrophylla / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Apocynaceae / Aspidosperma macrocarpon / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Apocynaceae / Aspidosperma tomentosum / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Apocynaceae / Hancornia speciosa / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Aquifoliaceae / Ilex affinis / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Aquifoliaceae / Ilex integrifolia / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Araliaceae / Schefflera cuneatus / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Araliaceae / Schefflera macrocarpa / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Araliaceae / Schefflera morototoni / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Arecaceae / Euterpe edulis / palmoid
Brasília / cerrado / Arecaceae / Syagrus comosa / palmoid
Brasília / cerrado / Arecaceae / Syagrus flexuosa / palmoid
Brasília / cerrado / Asteraceae / Eremanthus glomerulatus / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Asteraceae / Piptocarpha rotundifolia / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Bignoniaceae / Tabebuia serratifolia / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Bignoniaceae / Tabebuia umbellata / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Boraginaceae / Cordia sellowiana / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Burseraceae / Protium heptaphyllum / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Caryocaraceae / Caryocar brasiliensis / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Celastraceae / Cheiloclinium cognatum / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Celastraceae / Salacia multiflora / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Chloranthaceae / Hedyosmum racemosum / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Chrysobalanaceae / Hirtella thouarsiana / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Chrysobalanaceae / Licania apetala / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Clusiaceae / Calophyllum brasiliensis / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Clusiaceae / Kielmeyera coriacea / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Clusiaceae / Kielmeyera speciosa / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Connaraceae / Connarus suberosum / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Cunoniaceae / Lamanonia ternata / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Dichapetalaceae / Tapura amazonica / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Dilleniaceae / Davilla elliptica / shrub
Brasília / gallery forest / Erythroxylaceae / Erythroxylum excelsum / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Erythroxylaceae / Erythroxylum suberosum / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Erythroxylaceae / Erythroxylum tortuosum / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Euphorbiaceae / Alchornea glandulosa / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Euphorbiaceae / Hyeronima alchorneoides / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Euphorbiaceae / Maprounea guianensis / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Euphorbiaceae / Pera glabrata / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Euphorbiaceae / Richeria grandis / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Fabaceae / Bauhinia rufa / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Fabaceae / Dalbergia miscolobium / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Fabaceae / Dimorphandra mollis / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Fabaceae / Inga alba / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Fabaceae / Ormosia fastigiata / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Fabaceae / Pterodon emarginatus / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Fabaceae / Sclerolobium melinonii / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Fabaceae / Sclerolobium paniculatum / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Fabaceae / Stryphnodendron adstringens / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Icacinaceae / Emmotum nitens / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Icacinaceae / Emmotum nitens / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Lauraceae / Endlicheria paniculata / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Lauraceae / Nectandra gardnerii / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Lauraceae / Ocotea aciphylla / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Lauraceae / Ocotea corymbosa / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Lauraceae / Ocotea spixiana / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Lecythidaceae / Cariniana estrellensis / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Magnoliaceae / Magnolia ovata / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Malpighiaceae / Byrsonima coccolobifolia / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Malpighiaceae / Byrsonima laxiflora / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Malpighiaceae / Byrsonima verbascifolia / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Melastomataceae / Miconia burchellii / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Melastomataceae / Miconia chamissois / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Melastomataceae / Miconia cuspidata / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Melastomataceae / Miconia elegans / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Melastomataceae / Miconia ferruginata / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Melastomataceae / Miconia hirtella / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Melastomataceae / Miconia punctata / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Melastomataceae / Tibouchina candolleana / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Meliaceae / Cedrela odorata / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Meliaceae / Guarea macrophylla / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Monimiaceae / Macropeplus ligustrinus / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Monimiaceae / Siparuna cujabana / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Moraceae / Fícus insipida / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Moraceae / Pseudolmedia laevigata / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Myristicaceae / Virola sebifera / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Myristicaceae / Virola urbaniana / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Myrsinaceae / Ardisia guianensis / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Myrsinaceae / Cybianthus glaber / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Myrtaceae / Blepharocalyx salicifolius / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Myrtaceae / Myrcia fenzliana / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Myrtaceae / Myrcia laruotteana / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Myrtaceae / Myrcia splendens / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Myrtaceae / Myrcia venulosa / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Myrtaceae / Siphoneugena densiflora / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Nyctaginaceae / Guapira noxia / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Nyctaginaceae / Guapira salicifolia / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Nyctaginaceae / Neea theifera / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Ochnaceae / Ouratea hexasperma / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Piperaceae / Piper arboreum / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Piperaceae / Piper crassinervium / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Piperaceae / Piper hispidum / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Piperaceae / Piper tectoniifolium / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Proteaceae / Euplassa inaequalis / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Proteaceae / Roupala montana / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Rhamnaceae / Rhamnus sphaerosperma / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Rosaceae / Prunus brasiliensis / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Rosaceae / Prunus chamissoana / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Rubiaceae / Ferdinandusa speciosa / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Rubiaceae / Palicourea rigida / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Rubiaceae / Posoqueria latifolia / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Rubiaceae / Psychotria carthagenensis / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Rubiaceae / Psychotria mapourioides / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Rubiaceae / Tocoyena formosa / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Sapindaceae / Matayba guianensis / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Sapotaceae / Micropholis venulosa / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Sapotaceae / Pouteria ramiflora / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Simaroubaceae / Simarouba amara / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Solanaceae / Cestrum intermedium / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Styracaceae / Styrax camporum / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Styracaceae / Styrax ferrugineus / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Symplocaceae / Symplocos nitens / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Symplocaceae / Symplocos rhamnifolia / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Theaceae / Gordonia fruticosa / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Urticaceae / Cecropia pachystachya / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Vochysiaceae / Callisthene major / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Vochysiaceae / Qualea dichotoma / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Vochysiaceae / Qualea grandiflora / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Vochysiaceae / Qualea multiflora / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Vochysiaceae / Qualea parviflora / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Vochysiaceae / Vochysia rufa / tree
Brasília / cerrado / Vochysiaceae / Vochysia thyrsoidea / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Vochysiaceae / Vochysia tucanorum / tree
Brasília / gallery forest / Winteraceae / Drimys brasiliensis / tree
São Carlos / cerrado / Anacardiaceae / Anacardium humile / dwarf shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Anacardiaceae / Schinus terebenthifolius / tree
São Carlos / swamp forest / Anacardiaceae / Tapirira guianensis / tree
São Carlos / cerrado / Annonaceae / Duguetia furfuracea / shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Annonaceae / Xylopia aromatica / tree
São Carlos / swamp forest / Annonaceae / Xylopia brasiliensis / tree
São Carlos / cerrado / Apocynaceae / Allamanda cathartica / tree
São Carlos / swamp forest / Apocynaceae / Apocynaceae sp. / climber
São Carlos / cerrado / Apocynaceae / Aspidosperma tomentosum / tree
São Carlos / cerrado / Apocynaceae / Blepharodon nitidum / climber
São Carlos / cerrado / Apocynaceae / Ditassa sp. / climber
São Carlos / swamp forest / Apocynaceae / Mandevilla rugosa / climber
São Carlos / cerrado / Apocynaceae / Odontadenia lutea / climber
São Carlos / cerrado / Apocynaceae / Rhodocalyx rotundifolius / erect leafy
São Carlos / cerrado / Apocynaceae / Temnadenia violacea / climber
São Carlos / swamp forest / Aquifoliaceae / Ilex affinis / shrub
São Carlos / swamp forest / Araliaceae / Dendropanax cuneatum / tree
São Carlos / cerrado / Araliaceae / Schefflera macrocarpa / tree
São Carlos / cerrado / Araliaceae / Schefflera vinosa / tree
São Carlos / cerrado / Arecaceae / Attalea geraensis / long basal
São Carlos / swamp forest / Arecaceae / Euterpe edulis / palmoid
São Carlos / swamp forest / Arecaceae / Geonoma brevispatha / palmoid
São Carlos / swamp forest / Arecaceae / Syagrus romanzoffiana / palmoid
São Carlos / swamp forest / Aristolochiaceae / Aristolochia melastoma / climber
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Acanthospermum australe / erect leafy
São Carlos / swamp forest / Asteraceae / Achyrocline satureoides / erect leafy
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Aspilia foliacea / erect leafy
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Aspilia sp. / erect leafy
São Carlos / swamp forest / Asteraceae / Asteraceae sp. / erect leafy
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Bacharis pseudotenuifolia / shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Chresta sphaerocephala / dwarf shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Chromolaena barbacense / shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Chromolaena sp.1 / shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Chromolaena sp.2 / shrub
São Carlos / swamp forest / Asteraceae / Chromolaena sp.2 / shrub
São Carlos / swamp forest / Asteraceae / Clibadium armanii / shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Emilia fosbergii / short basal
São Carlos / swamp forest / Asteraceae / Emilia fosbergii / short basal
São Carlos / swamp forest / Asteraceae / Emilia sagitatta / short basal
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Gochnatia barrosii / shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Gochnatia polymorpha / shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Gochnatia pulchra / shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Helianthus sp. / erect leafy
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Mikania cordifolia / climber
São Carlos / swamp forest / Asteraceae / Mikania sp. / climber
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Orthopappus angustifolius / short basal
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Piptocarpha macropoda / tree
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Piptocarpha rotundifolia / tree
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Riencourtia oblongifolia / erect leafy
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Solidalgo chilensis / erect leafy
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Vernonia diffusa / tree
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Vernonia herbaceae / erect leafy
São Carlos / cerrado / Asteraceae / Vernonia rubriramea / shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Bignoniaceae / Anemopaegma arvense / dwarf shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Bignoniaceae / Arrabidaea brachypoda / climber
São Carlos / swamp forest / Bignoniaceae / Arrabidaea sp. / climber
São Carlos / cerrado / Bignoniaceae / Jacaranda caroba / dwarf shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Bignoniaceae / Memora axillaris / climber
São Carlos / cerrado / Bignoniaceae / Pyrostegia venusta / climber
São Carlos / cerrado / Bignoniaceae / Tabebuia ochracea / tree
São Carlos / swamp forest / Bignoniaceae / Tabebuia sp. / tree
São Carlos / cerrado / Bignoniaceae / Zeiheria montana / shrub
São Carlos / swamp forest / Bromeliaceae / Aechmea bromelifolia / epiphyte
São Carlos / cerrado / Bromeliaceae / Ananas ananassoides / short basal
São Carlos / cerrado / Bromeliaceae / Bromelia balansae / long basal
São Carlos / swamp forest / Burseraceae / Protium heptaphyllum / tree
São Carlos / cerrado / Burseraceae / Protium ovatum / shrub
São Carlos / cerrado / Caryocaraceae / Caryocar brasiliensis / tree