ED SECTION 508 BASIC AUTHORING AND TESTING GUIDE MS WORD 2010
Version 1.0
January 2015
Contents
Introduction 3
Document Formatting 4
1. Save as a Word document (.DOCX) with a descriptive filename 4
Text Formatting 5
2. Use Styles to Create Headings 5
3. Use built-in features to create lists 6
4. Use Built-In Columns to organize content 7
5. Use built-in features to organize content in layout tables 8
6. Identify distinct languages 9
7. Create unambiguous names for links 10
Object Formatting 11
8. Duplicate vital information in Headers, Footers and Watermarks 11
9. Use built-in features to create data tables 12
10. Create accessible images and other Objects 13
11. Create accessible text boxes 14
Color Formatting 15
12. Use color (and other sensory characteristics) plus text to convey meaning 15
13. Create the required color contrast 16
Miscellaneous 17
14. Create accessible embeded files 17
15. Avoid forms in MS Word 2010 18
16. Exclude flashing objects 18
17. Alternative accessible version 18
Introduction
In October 2012, subject matter experts from several federal agencies developed an Accessible Electronic Document Community of Practice (AED COP) with the goal of improving accessible content, advancing the field of accessibility, and creating accessible artifacts reusable across many agencies.
This document contains the minimum steps required to make an electronic MS Word 2010 document Section 508 accessible and acceptable for posting to a website. This information includes how to author and how to check your work.
Federal agencies and other institutions create millions of documents each year. Making documents accessible is important so that individuals with disabilities can access information. Individuals with disabilities may include, but are not limited to: Blind or Low Vision, Deaf or Hard of Hearing, Physical Disability and Intellectual Disability.
Assistive technology (AT) is used by individuals to help them understand electronic information. For example, screen readers or text-to-speech software is one tool available and assists individuals who are blind, have low vision, or a learning disability. This technology interprets words on the page and translates them to a computerized voice that reads the information. Accessible documents work in partnership with assistive technology to ensure individuals with disabilities have access to information.
As you create your MS Word document, it might be helpful to think about the concept of comparable access. When you adhere to the following accessibility requirements, you are creating a document that allows individuals with disabilities 1) to access the important information that you are creating and 2) to gain access to information in a comparable way as their non-disabled peers.
The current version 1.0 is approved for distribution by the AED COP. Please send review comments and feedback to .
This document covers MS Word 2010 (.docx) formats and is divided into the following 5 categories:
· Document Formatting
· Text Formatting
· Object Formatting
· Color Formatting
· Miscellaneous
This document does NOT cover:
· An MS Word 2010 document with macros (.docm or .dotm).
· An MS Word 2010 document with forms enabled (see the Forms section).
Section 508 Basic Authoring Guide and Testing Guide - MS Word 2010 3
Document Formatting
1. Save as a Word document (.DOCX)with a descriptive filename
A descriptive filename that identifies the document or its purpose helps everyone (including people with disabilities) locate, open, and switch between documents. In addition, the document must be in a “.docx” format; the authoring and testing instructions in each section are only for MS Word 2010 documents.
Author Accessibly
Go to File>Save As
1) Save as a Word Document (.docx).
2) Save your document with a descriptive filename.
Check Your Work
Look at the file in Windows Explorer OR the title bar in MS Word.
1) Check that the file type is a Word 2010 document (.docx).
2) Check that the filename is descriptive and identifies the document or its purpose.
For example, Document1.docx is not a descriptive name; however, OMBReport387_2102014_v2.0.docx is an example of a descriptive filename.
Section 508 Basic Authoring Guide and Testing Guide - MS Word 2010 4
Text Formatting
Text Formatting
2. Use Styles to Create Headings
Headings are used to break-up content and make finding information easier. AT cannot infer meaning from just formatting (such as bold or underlined text). Styles create a structure that AT can quickly access.
Author Accessibly
Go to Home>Styles and use styles when creating Headings in your document.
To use Styles, you can either:
1) Click on the style you want and then type your heading, OR
2) Type your heading and then click on the style you want to use.
If you have different heading levels (such as Major, Section, Subheading, etc.) that look different, you must use a different Style for each type of heading. You can modify Styles so that you can create the look and feel you want in your document.
Table 1: Example of Heading Levels for each Heading Type
Heading Type / Visual Characteristics / Heading Level /Major Heading / 16 pt. font, no indent, bold / Heading Level 1
Section Heading / 12 p.t font, indent, bold / Heading Level 2
Subheading / 12 pt. font, indent, italicized / Heading Level 3
Check Your Work
To check your work, you:
1) Open the Navigation Pane (Ctrl + F). Make sure it’s on the icon to browse headings.
2) Check that all of your headings appear in the navigation pane and match the visual outline of your document.
3. Use built-in features to create lists
Lists are used to break-up and simplify content. Screen readers cannot infer meaning from just formatting (if you Tab and use a dash as a bullet). Using built-in list features creates a structure that screen readers can identify.
Author Accessibly
Go to Home>Paragraph and use Bullets, Numbering or Multilevel List features when putting lists in your document.
To use the built-in list features, you can either:
1) Click on the list feature you want and then type your list item, OR
2) Type your list item and then click on the list you want to use.
Check Your Work
To check your work, you:
1) Click on a list item.
2) Check that one of the built-in list features is highlighted.
OR
open the Reveal Formatting Pane (Shift + F1) and ensure a list option is showing under Bullets and Numbering.
4. Use Built-In Columns to organize content
Columns are used to break-up and organize content. This item doesn’t mean that you are required to use columns, but when you are using a column layout, you must use the built-in column feature rather than creating the appearance of columns by using tabs or spaces. Screen readers and AT cannot read information in the correct reading order if just tabs or spaces are used. Columns create a structure that screen readers and AT can use to read information in the correct order (top to bottom and then left to right).
Author Accessibly
Go to Page Layout Columns when creating columns in your document.
To use Column formatting you:
1) Select content you want to make into columns.
2) Click on Columns.
3) Click on the icon representing the number of columns you want.
Check Your Work
To check your work, you:
1) Place your cursor on any text in columns.
2) Open the Reveal Formatting Pane (Shift + F1) and verify Columns are listed under Section (expand Section by selecting the plus sign).
5. Use built-in features to organize content in layout tables
You can also use layout tables to organize content. A layout table does not require row or column headers to describe the cell’s content. For example, you could create an agenda with Agenda Item (Introduction), Presenter (Chair), and Time (9 – 9:15) in a layout table. This item doesn’t mean that you are required to use layout tables when organizing information, but when you are using a table format, you must use the built-in table feature rather than creating the appearance of a table by using tabs or spaces. Layout Tables create a structure that screen readers and AT can use to read information in the correct order (left to right then top to bottom).
When you use a layout table you:
1) Must ensure you have a reading order that matches the visual layout.
2) Must ensure the table is placed in-line so that AT can access the content.
Author Accessibly
Go to InsertTables
To use Tables you:
1) Insert the number of columns and rows you need for your layout table.
2) Insert the information in your layout table.
Check Your Work
To check your work, you:
1) Place your cursor on the first cell of your layout table. Use your Tab key to navigate through the table and ensure the tab order matches the visual layout.
2) When you create a table using the directions above, MS Word automatically places the table inline. However, you can check this by right clicking (or Shift F10) on your table, select Table Properties>Text Wrapping and ensure “None” is highlighted.
6. Identify distinct languages
A document can contain sections written in different languages. Screen readers cannot infer meaning from just text. Identifying distinct languages creates a structure that allows AT to identify and read all languages correctly. You do not have to set a section language for proper names, technical terms, or foreign words that have become part of common use.
Author Accessibly
Go to ReviewLanguage>Set Proofing Language
To set a different language, you:
1) Select text written in a different language.
2) Go to Review>Language>Set proofing Language.
3) Select the appropriate language from the pic list.
Check Your Work
To check your work, you:
1) Place your cursor on any section of text that is in a different language.
2) Go to Review>Language>Set Proofing Language.
3) Check that the text is identified as the correct language.
7. Create unambiguous names for links
It is important to provide unambiguous names or context for links that describe the destination, function or purpose so that AT can correctly identify information. For example, if you have several links and you name them all “click here,” then AT will not be able to convey to individuals with disabilities information that distinguishes distinct links.
Author Accessibly
Ensure that the destination, purpose or function is described in surrounding text
OR
Go to Insert>Hyperlink
To set a hyperlink name, you:
1) Type an unambiguous name in your document that describes the destination, function, and/or purpose.
2) Select the text in your document that you want to be a hyperlink (this text will show in “Text to Display”).
3) Go to InsertHyperlinkLinkTo
a. If “Existing File or Web Page,” type the accurate URL in Address.
b. If “Place in this Document,” click on the appropriate line in “Select a Place in this Document.”
c. If “Create a New Document,” type in the document name in “Name of New Document.”
d. If “Email Address,” type a valid email address in “E-mail address.”
Check Your Work
To check your work, you:
1) Check to ensure your link has an unambiguous name that describes the destination, function, and/or purpose OR that this is determinable within context. For example:
- Uniquely Named Link:
…additional details are available on OPM.gov. - Links Determinable within Context:
Further details are listed in the Company Annual Report. - Ambiguous Links Not Determinable Within Context:
Information about each topic is available click here / click here.
Section 508 Basic Authoring Guide and Testing Guide - MS Word 2010 10
Object Formatting
Object Formatting
8. Duplicate vital information in Headers, Footers and Watermarks
Screen readers do not automatically read information in headers/footers and watermarks. Therefore, vital information (such as Respond by X Date, CONFIDENTIAL, or Do Not Distribute) must also be duplicated at or near the start of the main content area.
Author Accessibly
Duplicate vital information in the Header/Footer or Watermark at or near the start of the related information (such as the beginning of your document or the start of a section).
Check Your Work
To check your work, you:
1) Look for vital information in headers, footers and watermarks.
2) Go to the start or near the start of the related information and ensure you have duplicated vital information (such as Respond by X Date, CONFIDENTIAL, or Do Not Distribute).
9. Use built-in features to create data tables
Data tables are those tables where the information in a cell requires information from a row and/or column header to adequately describe the cell's content. (If a table is used for placement of text and objects, then it is a layout table - See Use built-in features to organize content in layout tables). When you create a data table you must:
1) Insert tables. You cannot make images of tables accessible.
2) Keep data tables simple (use one row of column headers and no merged or split cells).
3) Identify the header row.
4) Place data tables in-line so that AT can access the content.
If you need to create complex data tables (data tables with more than one header row, one or more header column, and/or merged or split cells), then you must convert the document to an accessible format. Complex data tables cannot be made accessible in MS Word.
Author Accessibly
Go to Insert >Tables
To create a data table you:
1) Insert the number of columns and rows you need for your data table.
2) Do not merge or split cells.
3) Only type headers into the first row and identify the header row. Select the first row > Table Tools Layout tab on the Ribbon > “Repeat as header row” button.
Check Your Work
To check your work, you:
1) Click on your table and make sure it’s not a picture. (If the Picture Tools Tab shows in the Ribbon, then it is a picture).