Earth Space Science Semester 2 Exam Study Guide
Ch. 19 Earthquakes
____1. The stress which causes a material to twist is known as ____.
a. / Strain / c. / Tensionb. / compression / d. / Shear
____2. The strain which causes a material to pull apart is known as ____.
a. / stress / c. / tensionb. / compression / d. / shear
____3. The focus is the point where ______
a. / the most surface damage will occur. / c. / the waves are attracted.b. / the surface waves originate and spread out. / d. / the waves originate.
Use the diagram to answer the questions.
____4. Which point marks the epicenter of the earthquake?
a. / A / c. / Cb. / B / d. / D
____5. Which type of material would be best to use for construction in an area prone to earthquakes?
a. / Concrete / c. / Woodb. / Brick / d. / Stone
Use the graph to answer the questions 19-20.
____6. A seismogram is located 4500 miles away from the epicenter of an earthquake. What is the difference in time between when the P-waves reach the seismogram and the S-waves reach the seismogram?
a. / 5 1/2 minutes / c. / 10 minutesb. / 6 minutes / d. / 22 minutes
____7. P-waves reaches a seismogram 6 minutes after an earthquake occurs and the S-waves arrive 3 and a half minutes later. How far is the seismogram from the earthquakes epicenter?
a. / 1000 km / c. / 3000 kmb. / 2000 km / d. / 4000 km
____8. A ____ fault forms as a result of horizontal compression.
a. / blind / c. / strike-slipb. / normal / d. / reverse
____9. The San Andreas Fault, a result of horizontal shear, is a ____ fault.
a. / blind / c. / strike-slipb. / normal / d. / reverse
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
Ch. 21 Geologic Time
_____10. Which of the following lists the units of geologic time in order from shortest to longest?
a. / era, eon, period, epoch / c. / eon, era, period, epochb. / epoch, period, era, eon / d. / epoch, eon, period, era
____11. Which of the following is marked by the appearance of organisms with hard parts?
a. / the beginning of the Cenozoic / c. / the end of the Precambrianb. / the end of the Mesozoic / d. / the beginning of the Cretaceous
____12. The amount of time it takes for one-half of the original amount of an isotope to decay is known as its…
a. / half-life / c. / periodb. / correlation / d. / radioactivity
____13. An example of a trace fossil includes a ____.
a. / cast of a clam / c. / mud crackb. / raindrop impression / d. / worm trail
____14. On the geologic time scale, the smallest unit of time is called a(n) ____.
a. / epoch / c. / eonb. / period / d. / era
___15. Which of the following is used to determine the absolute age of a rock?
a. / relative-age dating / c. / radiometric datingb. / correlation / d. / permineralization
____16. Index fossils are useful to geologists if the fossils ____.
a. / are scarceb. / are not easily recognized
c. / are not widely distributed geographically
d. / have lived over a short period of time
____17. The principle of superposition can be used to determine .
a. / the relative age of these rock layersb. / the relative densities of these rock layers
c. / the actual temperatures of these rock layers
d. / the actual age of these rock layers
____18. The oldest rock layer in an undisturbed rock sequence occurs ____.
a. / at the top of the sequence / c. / below the unconformityb. / below the sedimentary rock layer / d. / at the bottom of the sequence
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….
Ch. 23 Geologic Time Periods
____19. When there is no tectonic activity along the edge of a continent, the edge is referred to as a ____.
a. / Passive margin / c. / Transgressionb. / Regression / d. / Coastline
____20. As North America rifted from Europe and Africa, a continuous rift system called the ____ was formed.
a. / Cordillera / c. / Gulf of Mexicob. / East African Rift Valley / d. / Mid-Atlantic Ridge
____21. Movement of a shoreline seaward
a. / Regression / c. / Transgressionb. / Passive margins / d. / Orogeny
____22. Movement of a shoreline inland
a. / Transgression / c. / Regressionb. / Passive margins / d. / Orogeny
____23. The Late ______was a time of active mountain building.
a. / Precambrian / c. / Cenozoicb. / Mesozoic / d. / Paleozoic
____24. The ______explosion was marked by great diversity of life, including the development of animals with skeletons.
a. / Cambrian / c. / Permianb. / Ordovician / d. / Devonian
____25. A rapid appearance of many new species of organism’s usually______.
a. / happens after a mass extinctionb. / is directly related to a drop in sea level
c. / leads to an increase in glaciation
d. / happens just before an extinction event
____26. The southernmost point to which glaciers advanced in North America is marked by the path(s) of the ____.
a. / Missouri River / c. / Ohio River and the Missouri Riverb. / Ohio River and the Mississippi River / d. / Mississippi River
____27. Contains fluid and food, and protects embryo
a. / Vascular plant / c. / Passive marginb. / Amniotic egg / d. / Regression
____28. Tiny, ocean-dwelling organisms called ______made up the base of the food chain during the Mesozoic.
a. / dinosaurs / c. / Mammalsb. / reptiles / d. / phytoplankton
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Ch. 14 Climate
29.Localized climate that differs from the surrounding regional climate.
A. heat island B. Maunder minimum C. microclimate D. greenhouse effect
30.Natural heating of Earth’s surface by certain atmospheric gases, which helps keep Earth warm enough to sustain life.
A. global warming B. Maunder minimum C. El Nino D. greenhouse effect
31.Study of Earth’s climate in order to understand and predict climatic change, based on past and present variations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and other weather variables.
A. polarologyB. MaunderologyC. pastologyD. climatology
32.Area of Earth that receives the most solar radiation, is gererally warm year-round, and extends between 23.5° south and 23.5° north of the equator.
A. polar zonesB. tropicsC. temperate zonesD. heat island
33.Classification system for climates, divided into five types, based on the mean monthly values of temperature and precipitation and types of vegetation.
A. Standard Climatic DataB. climatology
C. Koppen Classification SystemD. Climate Classification System
34.Standard value for a location, including rainfall, wind speed, and temperatures, based on meteorological records compiled for at least 30 years.
A. normalB. climatologyC. parallaxD. prominence
35.Period of extensive glacial coverage, producing long-term climatic changes, where average global temperatures decreased by 5°C.
A. El Nino B. ice age C. global glacial period D. Maunder minimum
36.Area of Earth that extends between 23.5° and 66.5° north and south of the equator and has moderate temperatures.
A. polar zonesB. tropicsC. temperate zonesD. heat island
1. D
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. B
11. C
12. A
13. D
14. A
15. C
16. D
17. A
18. D
19. A
20. D
21. A
22. A
23. D
24. A
25. A
26. C
27. B
28. D
29. C
30. D
31. D
32. B
33. C
34. A
35. B
36. C