Üds-Kpds Hatirlatma

ÜDS-KPDS HATIRLATMA

DİLBİLGİSİ SORULARI

THAT

Virgülden sonra that kullanılmaz (non-defining relative clause)

Preposition (edat) dan sonra that kullanılmaz. ( on that – at that – during that)

all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, little, few, much dan sonra that kullanılır.

There's somethingthat you should know.

Superlative lerden sonra that kullanılır.

It was the best film that I've ever seen.

Where

When

Why yanlarında fiil kullanılmaz.

Whose

Whom

Of whom yanına fiil alır.

What soluna isim almaz. İsim what ın içinde gizlidir

two

some

Mostwhom

None

Noun +Allof + which

Several

Neitherwhose

Both

Half

Each

However + sıfat

However + zarf

No matter + soru sözcüğü

No matter how hard you try, you will not eant a lot of money in a very short time.
However hard we worked, we could never save enough.
However weak we are, however difficult the circumstances, however little hope there seems, God will be with us.
However much people have criticised her style and some of her policies no one will gainsay her courage.

By the time + simple present + will + v1

+ will be Ving

+ will have V3

+ will have been Ving

By the time + simple past + had V3

+ had been Ving

By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner.
We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive.
By the time the expertsreached the area the animals had disappeared.
By the time they realizethat anthrax is the cause of their unexplained illnesses and fatalities, many of the people exposed will be as good as dead.

Since

Inasmuch as

Insomuch as+ cümle , cümle

Seeing that

Now that

Because

Inasmuch as the product is quickly cooled below the temperature at which bacterial, mold and yeast growth occur, decomposition during the freezing is prevented.
Disability can make extra demands on financial resources because the disabled need extra care.
Since these substances are not licensed, they cannot be sold in the continental United States.

Cümle , for cümle (Çünkü)

He had a great desire to have a home of his own , for he had always lived with my grandmother.

Unlike

As opposed toisim

Contrary toVing , cümle

In contrast with / to

Unlike any other type of cell, embryonic stem cells have the capacity to develop into any type of tissue in the body.
We ate in the restaurant, as opposed to the bistro.
In contrast to the limitations of sensory and short-term storage, long-term memory is indefinite; much of it lasts a lifetime.
Contrary to popular belief, women cause fewer road accidents than men.

Cümle ; on the contrary , cümle

in contrast,

contrarily,

on the other hand,

It is not an idea around which the Community can unite.On the contrary, I see it as one that will divide us.
On the one hand, if the body doesn't have enough cholesterol, we would not be able to survive. On the other hand, if the body has too much cholesterol, the excess begins to line the arteries.

Appear

Look

Act

Treatas if / as though

Behave

Speak

seem

The unsubstantial story was as if she were retelling a dream.

Wish + simple past Present

Modal V1

Wish + past perfectFARAZİ

Modal have v3 Past

present

Wish ten önceki ve sonraki özne aynı ise would kullanılmaz. (gramer polisleri)

Be used to

Get used to

Be accustomed to

Get accustomed to

Look forward to

Be opposed to

Object to

Feel like

Can’t help + Ving

Can’t stand

Can’t bear

It is no use

It is no good

It is worth

In the habit of

There is no point in

Feel like

It is a waste of time/money

To have difficulty / trouble /problems

To have a hard time / a-an bad-good-hard/ enjoyable time

It is no good complaining all the time.
There was no point in staying any longer.
Some people still object to teaching children about sex in public schools.
People who have trouble falling or staying asleep may be more likely to die sooner from natural causes compared to those who sleep well.

Of all

Among

Of these

One of the…

Have/has ever V3+ superlative

In the world vb

By far

Insects are among the most fascinating animals on earth.
We’ve had some pretty good directors over the years but Dr. Radcliff is by far the most capable of them.
Japanese people are among the healthiest in the world, and one of the reasons for this is their diet.

Thoughzıtlık bildirir. ... e rağmen, ….. se….de, se….da

Even though

Although

Much though

Much ascümle , cümle

Sıfat- zarf+as

Sıfat-zarf +though

Zarf+as

Although Darwin was not the first evolutionist, modern evolutionary biology begins with him.
The rainforest contains more than half of Earth's plant and animal species, even though rain forests cover only about 6% of the earth's surface.
Much as I would like to I can´t go.

Though ana cümlenin sonuna gelerek diğerlerinden farklı olarakta kullanılabilir. Bu durumda anlamı however dır.

Though the United States has spent billions of dollars on foreign aid programs, it has captured neither the affection nor esteem of the rest of the world.
Though the cold weather, they went out.
It's a beautiful, though unimaginative, building.

In addition toyanı sıra, ek olarak

As well as

Along with + isim (öbeği)

Apart from Ving

Besides

Today, in contrast, many Negroes have achieved outstanding success in the arts and sciences as well as in the business and professional world.
Apart from hydro-electricity, there are several other non-depletable energy sources in use such as wind turbines and solar heating.
Besides those who directly lost money in this week's fall, investors in Europe have good reason to be wary of continental Europe's banking sector.

Because of… ın yüzünden, ….den dolayı

On account of

As a result of + isim (öbeği)

As a consequense of Ving

Due to

Owing to

Many children fail to take advantage of the present facilities for higher education because of economic stress in the family.
Due to the devastation of the forests on a large scale, the authorities will take all the necessary precautions on the matter.
Owing to a substantial increase in oil prices in the 1980’s, the Turkish economy was under a severe strain until the mid 1990’s.
Amazon basin has always attracted businessmen on account of its valuable and rich resources such as rubber, coffee and cocoa.
Older drivers are more likely to be seriously injured because of the fragility of their bones.

Not only … but also tekil / çoğul

Niether … nor tekil / çoğul

Either… ortekil / çoğul

Both… and çoğul fiil

What is great about DNA is that not only can it tell the identity of a person, but it can also give information about four thousand genetic conditions and diseases.
It's no longer news that stress can take its toll on both your physical and mental health.

No sooner… had v3 … than cümle

Scarcely … had v3 ….. when

Hardly…… had v3 …. When

Barely … had v3 …. when

No sooner had I gone out than the bomb exploded.
He'd no sooner begun to speak than the lights went out.

Would rather V1 than v1

I would rather drink coffee than drink tea.

Would rather subject V2 than V2

I would rather you told the truth than told lie.

Would rather have V3 than have V3 (past)

I would rather have stayed in Turkey than have gone abroad last year.

Would prefer to V1 than to V1

I would prefer to learn English than to learn German.

Would prefer subject to V1 to V1

I prefer tea to coffee.

I prefer dancing to swimming

Via… sayesinde, …ın yardımı ile, … yoluyla

Through

By means of+ isim (öbeği)

Thanks to Ving

With the help / aid of

Thanks to recent research, effective treatments are available.
The brain receives and sends information by means of nerves, many of which lie partly in the spinal cord.
The cells of the human body convert food to energy through the process of oxidation.
Our brains have been processing sophisticated information via our senses for millions of years.

Before

After

UntilBu yapıların bulunduğu yan cümlelerde continuous tense

Sincekullanılmaz.

As soon as

By the time

Antibodies are never produced naturally until our body is attacked by bacteria.

A number of + çoğul fiil

The number of + tekil fiil

A great deal of + sayılamayan isim

A big/small amount of + sayılamayan isim

A small/big quantity of + sayılamayan isim

So far

Up to now

Till now

Up until know

By nowGenelde prefect tense ile kullanılırlar.

Hitherto

Over

Recently/lately

As yet

Thus far

Certain records have come to light recently, which suggest that it was the Chinese who discovered America.
Scientists haven’t found an effective cure for AIDS so far.
Hitherto, the main emphasis has been on the need to resist aggression.

Have / get something done

Have somebody do smt

Get somebody to do smt

Make somebody do smt

Let somebody do smt

Help somebody (to) v1

allow, assist, compel, convince, employ, encourage, force, hire, motivate, permit, require

subject

to v1

So as to

In order to

To+ verb 1 – cümle gelmez

In an effort to

In an attempt to

In order to understand why computers are important, we have to understand what a computer is and what it does.
In their attempt to overcome the anti-social effects of modern architecture, architects have directed their attention to more informal settlements.

Opinion

Belief

Contention

Assumption

Fear bu isimler yanlarına that almayı severler.

Idea

Fact

Claim

Clear

Obvious

True

Certain

Interestingkendilerinden sonra that almayı severler.

Surprising

A shame

Pity

Disturbing

dreadful

The assumption that the elimination of economic and social grievances may help the prevention of war leads us naturally to the idea that we must try to solve these problems as soon as possible.
The belief that everyone must sleep 8 hours a night is a myth.
Her main contention is that staff should get better training.
Many people dispute the claim that Columbus discovered America and insist that that was done by a Viking explorer.

Explain

Wonder

Depend on

Rememberyanlarına whether /that/ soru kelimeleri (noun clause) almayı severler.

Know

Understand

Ask

Numerous legends have tried to explain why human nature is not perfect and why people die.
Scientists have long wondered which parts of the brain are involved in musical tasks.
When economists try to explain why the Internet is more popular in one country than another, they usually point to factors such as the number of PCs, telephone lines or average years of schooling.

Than that of

Than those of

His salary as a bus driver is much higher than that of a teacher
Most of the highways in Germany are wider than those in the Balkan countries.
Turkey is not only trying to be a part of EU. It is trying to have laws in accordance with those of international for the sake of its people too.

Too+ sıfat+ to

Sıfat +enough +to

Enough +isim

He is too short to play basketball.
She is old enough to marry.
Rural ozone pollution in China is high enough to threaten agriculture there.
We have not enough time to play football.
The opposition now seems too weak to stage any serious protests against the government.

I like coffee.

So do I.

I don’t like coffee.

Neither do I.

Nor do I.

I don’t like coffee.

I don’t like coffee either. / I don’t either.

I like coffee.

I like coffee too.

in that : Şu açıdan ki…

Mammals differ from other vertebrates in that they have bodies that are covered with hair at some period of their lives.
English has an advantage over languages in that it has become a commercial language all over the world.
Petroleum differs from coal in that coal retains within itself visible evidence of the kind of material from which it was formed, and petroleum does not.

everyone someone anyone no one

everybody somebody anybody nobody Kendilerinden sonra tekil fiil alırlar.

everything something anything nothing

At the time ------past

If only ------past

YAN CÜMLE , TEMEL CÜMLE

When

While

Since SVO SVO

WhereasCÜMLE , CÜMLE

Provided

Although

As long as

Although he was seen to be an aggressive politician, he was a quiet and loving family man at home.
Since life began eons ago, thousands of creatures have come and gone.
While there are few delays for chemotherapy, waits for radiotherapy have lengthened over the past few years.

TEMEL CÜMLEYAN CÜMLE

When

While

As long as

SV(O)Unless SV(O)

Although

As long as

After

Before

In case

Photosynthesis cannot take place unless light has access to the leaves.
Women have been playing football as long as the game has existed.

This time next year I _____ English.

a)Will teach

b)Will be teaching ***

This time next year I _____ for five years.

Will be teaching
Will have been teaching ***

I’ll buy him a present in return for his help. (in reply to / in respond to)

On the point of

On the brink of

On the cliff of Ving (… mek üzere / …nın eşiğinde)

On the edge of

On the verge of

The country is on the point of making a major decision about its future.
The recovery of private industries which were on the verge of bankruptcy was the main issue for the new government.
The country seems almost on the brink of civil war as fighting intensifies between government troops and rebel forces.

I _____ him before.

a)Haven’t seen ***

b)Didn’t see

I _____ him before last Christmas.

a)Have seen

b)Saw ***

Instead of smtyerine

On behalf of smb

The assistant lectured on behalf of the professor.
Light colors reflect heat, but dark colors absorb heat instead of throwing it back.

You can pass the exam only ifyou study.

provided that

providing that

as long as

so long as

on condition that

Women have been playing football as long as the game has existed.
You can stay here on condition that you look after the animals and the garden.
A patient has the right to refuse to give consent to treatment, provided that the patient is able to exercise his judgement clearly and freely.

If = provided that

Providing that

Supposed that şartıyla

Supposing that

Assuming that

On condition that

Provided that the conditions are appropriate, each living organism will be able to multiply and spread.
You can stay here on condition that you look after the animals and the garden.

Regarding

Concerning

As regards...e ilişkin

With regard to

About

Most of our knowledge regarding the structure of the earth has been from the study of rocks.
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching.
Concerning the question of capital punishment, the U.S. and its allies stand on opposite sides of a great divide.

In terms of:itibariyle, bakımından

With respect to:...e göre (kıyaslamada)

According to:...e göre (görüş belirtirken)

İn addition to:...e ilaveten

The amount of air pollution over the cities in the inner parts of the country is of great importance in terms of human health.
People who learn longer live longer according to a study of links between health and education among adults.
The report arranged with respect to the factors affecting the development of the under develop countries is of great importance in many respects.

Since = 1. için ( because , as ) 2. ...den beri

Since most of the members were absent the meeting were delayed.
Since nearly all drugs and medications can cause fetal damage or malformations it is important for pregnant women to avoid them as much as possible.
Since we were in the computer lab, our English has improved.
Since life began eons ago, thousands of creatures have come and gone.
Since the great oil crisis of the 1970s, the International Energy Agency has encouraged and supported research carried out to discover alternative energy sources.

While = 1. iken (zaman)2. karşıt, rağmen, oysa ( = whereas)

The majority will of the people rules in a democracy, while in a dictatorship, power is in the hands of a single person.
Boys who play video games on school days spend 30% less time reading, while girls spend 34% less time doing homework if they play video games.
In recent years, the number of students applying to Ph.D. programs has increased steadily, while the number of places available has remained constant.
I normally look after the children while she is practising.

As = 1. iken,dikçe (zaman)2. çünkü, için ( = since, because)

As he didn't bring the money, he didn't get the book.
As she reached the age of thirty she became convinced she would remain single all her life.
As they were investigating molecular electronics, they started seeing hints of an unexpected effect in their experiments.
As the can is opened, the content heat automatically.
Health spending tends to rise disproportionately as countries become richer; but even adjusting for this, America is a case apart.
As the deadline approached she experienced a bewildering array of emotions.
As the plants grow and start to bear fruit they will need a lot of water.

AS sınavda çıkabilecek çeşitli kullanılış biçimleri; bol örnekle pekiştirilmeye çalışıldı.

Shelves were built to adapt the library for use as an office.
In an exercise designed to be as real as possible, they simulated an advance on enemy positions.
The group has adventured as far as the Austrian alps.
Methane is often regarded as the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide.
As part of the treatment, he attended 15 weeks of after-care.
Many people are allergic to airborne pollutants such as pollen.
As a musician, you cannot be apolitical.
There was no obvious reason why this could not be as good a film as the original.
As a result of the growing fears about home security, more people are arranging for someone to stay in their home when they're away.
In this changing business environment, different demands are being placed on employees. As a consequence, the education system needs to change.
The border, effectively closed since 1981, will be opened as of January the 1st.
They should make decisions as to whether the student needs more help.
Smoking is still attractive to many young people who see it as glamorous.
The two women were sitting as far away from each other as possible.
Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, an area that the United States has long regarded as its own backyard.
On many modern wooden boats, epoxy coatings will have been used as a base for varnishing.
Some investigators regarded her as the brains of the gang.

FOR ve BY – Örnek cümleler