Latin 3 H – Grooooooovy Nōmen

Dr. McGaiusCh. 44 Worksheet: Conditional Sentences

Some Terminology:
“Protosis”= The “If” clause. It is the hypothesis: (p1) If you weren’t so cute… [see a. below]
(p2) If he is telling the truth…[see b. below]
“Apodosis” = The Conclusion: (a1) I would not love you.
(a2) then I am a liar.

 There are several types of conditions & they can be broken down into the following formulae:

Protasis / Apodosis

  1. Present General (simple) Condition If he is telling the truth, then they are lying.

(present indicative) / (present indicative)

1b. Past General (Simple) Condition If he told the truth, then they were lying/lied.

(a past indicative) / (a past indicative)

  1. Future More Vivid Condition If he tells the truth, then they will lie.

(future indicative) / (future indicative)

  1. Future More Vivid Condition If he tells the truth, then they will lie.

(with emphatic protasis) (future perfect indicative) / (future indicative)

  1. Future Less Vivid Condition If he should tell the truth, then they would lie.

(should X, would Y) (present subjunctive) / (present subjunctive)

5. Present Contrary To Fact If he were (now) telling the truth, then they would be lying.

Were X / would be Y (imperfect subjunctive) / (imperfect subjunctive)

5b. Past Contrary To Fact If he had been telling the truth, then they would have lied.

had been X / would have Yed (pluperfect subjunctive) / (pluperfect subjunctive)

 For the following chart, memorize both the English & Latin formulae. Pay attention to verb tenses and moods.

Name of Condition / Latin Formulae (Protasis) / Latin Formulae (Apodosis) / English Formulae (Protasis) / English Formulae (Apodosis)
Present General/Simple
Past General/Simple
Future More Vivid
Future More Vivid
(with emphatic protasis)
Future Less Vivid
Present Contrary To Fact
Past Contrary To Fact

Practice Identify the following conditions by name and give the Latin formulae:

  1. If I were a rich man, I would buy you a big house.
  1. If I had been a rich man, I would have bought you a yacht.
  1. If he fights in the arena, he is happy.
  1. If he is fighting in the arena tomorrow, he will be happy.
  1. If he should fight in the arena tomorrow, he would be happy.
  1. If you give him a sword, he will use it in the arena.
  1. If the gladiator fought in the arena, he was happy.
  1. If she had not been so cute, I would not have kissed her.

II. Translate the following sentences into Latinafter identifying each condition:

  1. If you summon my dog, she comes without delay.
  1. If the poet sings beautiful poems, he will be praised by the people.
  1. If the poet sang, the girls always listened.
  1. If you give him a sword, he will be able to fight.
  1. Work diligently, my sons, if you desire to have much money.
  1. If I had spared the enemy in battle, he would have killed me later.
  1. If you should touch the king’s crown, no one would be able to save you.
  1. If my mind were lacking wisdom, I would be walking in the rain storm.
  1. Identify the Conditions by name, then translate the following into literal English.
  1. Tē laetē accipiāmus, sī rūs veniās.
  1. Tē laetē accipiēmus, sī rūs veniēs.
  1. Sī illam ancillam vocās, ea sine morā venit.
  1. Nisi misera nōbīs vidērētur puella, eī pecūniam nōn darēmus.
  1. Sī in īnsulā errābāmus, incolās timēbāmus.
  1. Puella, nisi misera vīsa esset, pecūniam ā nōbīs nōn accēpisset.
  1. Sī librōs eius lēgistī, multa nunc intellēxistī.
  1. Sī librōs eius lēgissēs, multa nunc intellegerēs. Mixed Condition. Explain:
  1. Sī ab inimicīs in perīculō positī eritis, auxilium sine morā mittēmus.
  1. Sī rēgīna nautās discēdere iubeat, mox vēla dabunt.
  1. Nautae, sī vēla dederint, ad nostram terram venient.
  1. Sī arma in nostrō oppidō timēbis, agricola, ī ad agrōs.
  1. Puella clāra eit sī librum magnum scrībet (scrīpserit).
  1. Sī āra[1] umbrīs tecta esset, incolae cibum deōrum nōn vīdisset.

[1]āra, ārae F. = altar