Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
The Rights of Man
• By the end of August, 1789, the National Assembly adopted a statement of revolutionary ideals called “______”
• This was very similar to the ______(13 years earlier), but excluded some people (______, ______, etc.)
A State-Controlled Church
• Catholic Church lost its ______and ______; the National Assembly argued that Church officials were to be elected and paid as state officials, and the National Assembly sold Church lands to help pay off the French debt accumulated under Louis XVI and Mary Antoinette
• The National Assembly’s reforms alarmed ______(most were devout Catholics) who believed the pope should rule over the church which was independent of the state.
Louis Tries to Escape
• As the National Assembly restructured the relationship between ______, Louis realized the danger to his family and to himself
• In 1791, the royal family tried to escape into the Austrian Netherlands, but as they reached the border were turned around in humiliation by guards
Divisions Develop
• For two years the N.A. argued over a new constitution for France
Limited Monarchy
• In Sept. 1791 the N.A. finished the new constitution, which created a ______
• The new constitution ______, and created a ______- the ______(could create new laws and could approve/reject declarations of war)
Factions Split France
• Even with a new government, old problems still existed (______and ______)
• The question of how to solve these problems led to divisions in the Legislative Assembly (______, ______, ______)
• Factions outside the Legislative Assembly wanted to change the direction of government also
• ______(nobles and others who had fled France) hoped to undo the Revolution and restore the Old Regime
• In contrast, the ______ (“those without knee breeches”) wanted even greater changes to France
War and Execution
• Other European countries watched the reforms happening in France fearfully; Austria and Prussia urged France to restore Louis XVI to the throne and France responds by declaring war in April of 1792
France at War
• War began badly for French
• On August 10th, around 20,000 men and women ______, killing royal guards and imprisoning Louis, Mary Antoinette and children
• The Legislative Assembly declared ______, ______, and called for the election of a ______. The new governing body, National Convention, took office on Sept 21st and declared France a ______
• ______were still not given the right to vote
Jacobins Take Control
• Most of the people involved in the governmental changes in 1792 belonged to the ______club.
• ______edited L’Ami du Peuple, called for the death of all the supporters of Louis
• ______, a lawyer, was a Jacobin who fought for the rights of Paris’s poor people
• The National Convention not only removed ______from king, but also sentenced him to execution by ______
The Terror Grips France
• Foreign armies weren’t the only opposition that the French republic faced: ______, ______, and ______
Robespierre Assumes Control
• He ______, dividing the year into 12 months of 30 days (no Sundays)
• In July 1793, he became leader of the ______ essentially ruled for the next year as a dictator during the “______”
• The sole responsibility of the Committee of Public Safety was to ______
• Georges Danton was executed for being less radical than Robespierre
• The terror reached all social classes and socio-economic classes, and about ______total lost their lives
End of the Terror
• In July of 1794, some members of the National Convention turned on Robespierre and demanded his execution
• The Reign of Terror ended on ______when Robespierre was sent to the guillotine
• In 1795, moderate leaders in the National Convention created a third constitution since 1789.
• This third government placed power in the hands of the middle class and called for a two-house legislature and a five man executive called ______
• The Directory is responsible for giving Napoleon Bonaparte command over France’s armies