Chapter 10Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development

· Define role transitions and how they are related to age.

· Describe rituals and indicators of adulthood that can be found in non-Western cultures.

· Describe the changes in the age composition of college students in the United States.

· Compare returning adult students to traditional-aged college students.

· Describe ways in which the ADA has helped people with disabilities.

· Explain how adolescents and adults differ in terms of engaging in reckless behavior.

· Describe Erikson's psychosocial conflict of intimacy versus isolation and explain how this conflict relates to achieving identity.

· Describe the pattern of behavior for forming an identity and establishing intimacy in both men and women.

· Define the term threshholder.

· Describe physical functioning in young adults.

· Describe sensory acuity during young adulthood.

· Explain the general, overall health found in young adults in the United States.

· Describe the frequency of death from disease and death from accidents during young adulthood.

· Explain the gender and ethnic differences in causes of death in young adults.

· Describe the negative health effects of smoking and second-hand smoke and the health benefits of quitting smoking.

· Describe the factors related to, negative effects of, and prevention of binge drinking.

· Describe the consequences associated with alcohol addiction.

· Describe the nutritional requirements and eating habits of young adults.

· Explain how dietary fat intake and cholesterol levels are related to cardiovascular disease.

· Define BMI and describe how it is related to health.

· Describe how income and level of education are linked to health in the United States.

· Describe how men and women differ in health and health behaviors.

· Explain ethnic differences in health.

· Explain what is meant by multidimensional and multidirectional intelligence.

· Explain what is meant by interindividual variability and plasticity in intelligence.

· Define primary mental abilities.

· Describe age differences and cohort differences in primary mental abilities.

· List and describe the variables that are related to reduced cognitive decline in old age.

· Explain the difference between fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence and explain how each changes with age.

· Explain how adults' thinking differs from the formal operational thought that is seen in adolescence.

· Describe how thought changes during the college years.

· Define postformal thought and reflective judgment.

· Describe the development of absolutist, relativistic, and dialectical thinking.

· Describe the importance of emotion and logic throughout adolescence and adulthood.

· Describe how people are influenced by stereotypes.

· Describe age differences in social beliefs.

· Define life-span construct and list the factors that lead to the development of one.

· Define scenario and explain how it is related to a social clock.

· Define life story and explain why distortions may occur in one's memory for autobiographical events.

· Describe possible selves and explain how they motivate behavior.

· Explain how concerns about and the number of possible selves change with age.

· Define personal control beliefs and explain how they may vary across different domains of one's life.

· Know the difference between primary and secondary control and how they change with age.