25-5 China and the New Imperialism
1800s-Qing dynasty in decline as western powers gain power in East Asia
The Trade Issue
Prior to 1800s Chinese rulers place strict limits on foreign traders
-trade was restricted to a small area in southern China
-China sells silk, porcelain and tea in exchange for gold and silver
China enjoys a favorable balance of trade- ______
foreign countries had a trade deficit-______
Two developments in the late 1700s transform China’s relations with the western world:
(1)
(2)
The Opium War
-in the late 1700s British merchants begin to make huge profits in the trade of ______which is
grown in ______for Chinese ______which was popular in Britain
soon the Chinese are addicted to drug
silver flows out of China in payment for the drug thereby disrupting the economy
Chinese government ______opium and executes Chinese drug dealers
China calls on Britain to stop the trade
Britain refuses and insists on its right to free trade
1839-______starts
-China destroys $6 million of opium that British brought to Canton
-China sends warships to clash with British merchants
-British gunboats easily defeat Chinese boats with outdated weapons
-British gunboats bombard coastal and river ports
1842-Treaty of Nanjing
China agrees to the following stipulations
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Other nations then also demand unequal treaties from China, and get them!
Internal Problems
By 1800s the Qing Dynasty is in decline
*Massive floods*Starvation*Extravagant court
Taiping Rebellion
Peasants rebel (1850-1864) in arguably the most devastating peasant revolt in history
-Hong Xiuquan-leader of the rebellion
-believed that God had given him the mission to destroy the Qing dynasty
-wants a new dynasty called the ‘Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace’
Demands-redistribution of land to poor, end high taxes, equality of women and men
The rebellionis crushed after 14 years with between 20 to 30 million Chinese dead
______
1860-Russia seizes land on China’s north border-builds port of Vladivostok
1894-Japan quickly defeats China
Japan takes over control of Taiwan
______
China seems weakSphere of influence: Russia, Germany, France, Britain
1899-USA demands Open Door Policy or equal access to trade with China
The Qing Dynasty Falls
1899- Boxer Uprising- Boxers start secret society-the ______
1900-Boxers attack foreigners across Chinaoutside nations crush the Boxers
1908-Empress Ci Xi diesTwo-year-old boy assumes throne
1911-Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian) becomes president of new Chinese republic