1-3 What are the needs of organisms?

I. Energy

  1. All organisms need energy.
  2. Autotrophs-make their own food. (plants)
  3. Heterotrophs-must “eat”. (animals and fungi, bacteria etc.)

II. Water

  1. All organisms need water.
  2. All food is dissolved in water.
  3. All your chemical reactions. (digestion)0

III. Air

  1. All organisms need air.
  2. Oxygen is used to make energy.
  3. Carbon dioxide is used by plants to make food. (sugar)

IV. Temperature

  1. Living things need a certain range of temperature.
  2. Warm blooded-temperature stays constant.
  3. Cold blooded-temperature can change.(hot, sunny or cool, shady)
  4. Homeostasis-is the ability to stay the same.

V. Living Space

  1. A living space must have food, water, sunlight, and shelter.

2-8 How do cells obtain energy?

I. Cells & Energy

  1. Cells need energy to: grow, repair structures, create cell parts, and reproduce
  2. Energy can come from
  3. The sun
  4. The food you eat

II. Photosynthesis

  1. Plant cells can make food using energy from sunlight
  2. Photosynthesis happens in the chloroplast
  3. Details
  4. The chemical equation: CO2 + H20 (Sunlight)  C6H12O6 + O2
  5. Energy from Sunlight breaks water
  6. Oxygen is released then
  7. Batteries are recharged (ATP & NADPH)
  8. Batteries are used in the Calvin Cycle
  9. Calvin Cycle makes Sugar (C6H12O6)
  10. Sugar is made from Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

III. Cellular Respiration

  1. Uses food to make energy for a cell
  2. Happens in the mitochondria
  3. The food which is main “fuel” is glucose (sugar)
  4. Plant cells make their own food (fuel)
  5. Animals have to eat something else in order to get food (fuel)
  6. Chemical equation of Cellular Respiration is the same equation as Photosynthesis, but it is sdrawkcab.
  7. C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H20 + ENERGY (ATP)
  8. ATP is IMPORTANT to life because it is the main molecule of ENERGY. It is like a battery which cells use for power.

IV. Fermentation

  1. Releasing energy from food without using oxygen.
  2. Alcoholic Fermentation: happens in yeast
  3. Lactic Acid Fermentation: happens in animals

Balance in the Atmosphere

Chloroplast and Mitochondria Cycle Drawing:

1-4 How do organisms use energy?

  1. Life Processes
  2. All organisms carry out the life processes needed to stay alive.
  3. Ingestion & Digestion
  4. Living things need food because it gives nutrients.
  5. Nutrients are chemical substances that are needed for growth and energy.
  6. Organisms need to take in food (ingestion) and change food into a useable form to use its nutrients (digestion).
  7. Cellular Respiration
  8. Process by which organisms get energy from food
  9. Excretion
  10. Getting rid of waste products formed by life processes.
  11. Transport
  12. Moving of nutrients and waste products.