Biology 211 (2) Exam 2 Practice Exam

Biology 211 (2) Exam 2 Practice Exam –

50 multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following fungi are parasitic?

1. Saprophytes
2. Lichens
3. Athlete’s foot fungus
4. AMF

1. Which of the following is true of parasitic fungi?

1. The incidence of fungal infections in human populations is low when compared to the frequency of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and protists.
2. The majority of fungal species cause disease in humans
3. American elm and chestnut trees quickly developed genetic resistance to an introduced fungal pathogen
4. The major destructive impact of fungi on humans is through illness

1. Identify the two growth forms of fungi

1. Chytrids and zygomycetes
2. Yeasts and mycelia
3. Hyphae and mycelia
4. Mycelia and chytrids

1. Which hyphae feature is key to the way a fungal mycelium obtains food?

1. Mushrooms
2. Septal pores
3. Septa
4. Thin filamentous shape

1. Biologists divide fungi into four different groups based on ______.

1. The different environments where groups of fungi live
2. Their distinctive reproductive structures
3. Whether fungi reproduce sexually and asexually
4. The amount of surface area offered by mycelia

1. Why do fungi carry out extracellular digestion?

1. Only small molecules can diffuse across the plasma membranes of hyphae. Macromolecules must first be broken down
2. Fungi cannot produce digestive enzymes and can absorb only amino acids and glucose
3. Simple sugars and amino acids cannot cross the cell membranes of fungal hyphae without first being digested
4. Fungi depend on mutualistic relationships with plants to obtain nutrients

1. Which of the following processes occurs first in sexual reproduction in many fungi?

1. Karyogamy
2. Plasmogamy
3. Fusion of sperm and egg
4. Release of spores

1. Which group of fungi is largely aquatic?

1. Basiodomycetes
2. Glomeromycetes
3. Chytrids
4. Zygomycetes

1. Select the correct statement about the process of karyogamy.

1. Plasmogamy immediately precedes karyogamy
2. Karyogamy produces a diploid reproductive stage
3. Karyogamy forms yoked hyphae
4. Karyogamy produces gametes

1. Which set of traits distinguishes animals from other organisms?

1. Animals are multicellular and can produce their own food
2. Animals reproduce sexually, move under their own power, and can eat other organisms
3. Animals carry out cellular respiration, produce chitin in cell walls, and move under their own power
4. Animals are multicellular, they move under their own power, and they eat other organisms

1. Which of the following statements about heterotrophs is correct?

1. Heterotrophs occupy the upper levels of food chains in most habitats
2. Heterotrophs reside at the base of most food chains
3. Heterotrophs are also called producers
4. Heterotrophs obtain carbon compounds from CO2

1. Which of the following represents one of the four fundamental characteristics of body plan origin in the major lineages of animals?

1. How the adult stages feed
2. Number of tissue types found in adults
3. How the earliest developmental events proceed
4. Whether or not appendages are present

1. Which term describes an animal with three embryonic tissue layers?

1. Ectoderm
2. Diploblast
3. Mesoderm
4. Triploblast

1. Which type of symmetry in animals is unique to sponges?

1. Asymmetry
2. Multisymmetry
3. Bilateral symmetry
4. Radial symmetry

1. What type of cleavage is found in protostomes?

1. Bilateral cleavage
2. Radial cleavage
3. Spiral cleavage
4. Asymmetrical cleavage

1. Select the best description of the adaptive value of animal movement.

1. Animals that move freely share similar limb structures
2. Only carnivores and herbivores move freely
3. Movement allows adult animals to find food, find mates, and escape predators
4. Animals that move possess either a hard or hydrostatic skeleton

1. Which animal taxa display segmentation?

1. Protostomes
2. Deuterostomes
3. Chordates and arthropods
4. Vertebrates, annelids and arthropods

1. An unusual feature of sponges is that they ______.

1. Can undergo external fertilization
2. Can grow into complete individuals from fragments broken off from an adult
3. Produce toxins to defend against predators and parasites
4. Have a life cycle that includes a polyp form and a medusa form

1. Which group has evolved a specialized cell used for prey capture?

1. Choanoflagellates
2. Comb jellies
3. Jellyfish
4. Sponges

1. Based on species numbers and ecological diversity, which lineage of protostomes is the most successful?

1. Arthropods
2. Rotifers
3. Mollusks
4. Annelids

1. Select the correct statement about protostomes.

1. They are bilaterally symmetrical
2. They form an anus from the initial invagination in the embryo during gastrulation
3. They have two embryonic tissue layers
4. They undergo spiral cleavage after fertilaztion

1. Which term best describes an animal that lacks a body cavity?

1. Acoelomate
2. Hydrostatic
3. Hemocoelomate
4. Coelomate

1. In addition to the lophophore, what are the two unique morphological traits that define lophotrochozoans?

1. Direct movement and spiral cleavage
2. Throcophore larva and radial cleavage
3. Hemocoel and spiral cleavage
4. Trochophore larva and spiral cleavage

1. Which of the following statements correctly describes an adaptation central to the water-to-land transition made by animals?

1. Mollusks evolved a hydrostatic skeleton
2. Earthworms depend on a hydrostatic skeleton to move in soil
3. Arthropods have a permeable exoskeleton
4. Insects can close their respiratory passages

1. What key innovation allowed animals to make precise and directed movements?

1. The wing
2. Proboscis
3. Jointed limb
4. Segmentation

1. Which reproductive innovations arose during protostome diversification?

1. Metamorphosis and parthogenesis
2. Asexual reproduction and a desiccation-resistant egg
3. Sexual reproduction and the bearing of live young
4. Metamorphosis and a desiccation-resistant egg

1. The ______is a structure that is used for feeding by sessile lohotrochozoans.

1. Coelom
2. Lophophore
3. Mantle
4. Cuticle

1. Molting involves ______.

1. Shedding an external covering
2. Gliding along a surface
3. Replacing a hydrostatic skeleton
4. Changing from a larval to a adult form of an animal

1. Which arthropod taxon has three body regions?

1. Crustaceans
2. Insects
3. Myriapods
4. Chelicerates

1. A group of three protostome animals includes one with a trochophore larvae, one that molts, and one with a reduced coelom. Which statement most accurately describes this group?

1. All three are lophotrochozoans
2. The group includes both lophotrochozoans and ecdyzoans
3. All three are ecdysozoans
4. The group consists of mollusks and arthropods

1. Which of the following is the most reasonable assumption to make about an animal group that exhibits metamorphosis?

1. The juvenile form is likely sessile
2. Animals in this group possess a fully developed coelom
3. These animals live in marine environments
4. The juvenile and adult forms in this group eat different foods

1. The potato famine in Ireland was caused by a fungus.

1. True
2. False

1. What are the cell walls of fungi made of?

1. Chitin
2. Nitrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Chloroplasts

1. Which of the following animals lacks true tissues?

1. Sponge
2. Starfish
3. Jellyfish
4. Flatworm

1. Which of these choices would support your hypothesis that an animal you discovered is an ecdysozoan and not a lophotrochozoan?

1. It is bilaterally symmetrical
2. It is wormlike
3. It is segmented
4. It grows by molting

1. In protostomes, ______develops first.

1. Anus
2. Mouth
3. Hair follicles
4. Eyes

1. In which phylum did bilateral symmetry evolve independently?

1. Arthropods
2. Nematodes
3. Echinoderms
4. Chordates

1. The germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive tract is the ______.

1. Ectoderm
2. Endoderm
3. Mesoderm
4. Nesoderm

1. The germ layer that develops into the skin and nervous system is the ______.

1. Ectoderm
2. Endoderm
3. Mesoderm
4. Nesoderm

1. The world’s largest organism is:

1. Redwood
2. Fungus
3. Whale
4. Land plant

1. Fungi reproduce by forming ______which produce ______.

1. Spores, fruiting bodies
2. Fruiting bodies, hyphae
3. Fruiting bodies, spores
4. Hyphae, spores

1. What are fungi called that lack septa?

1. Coenocytic fungi
2. Ectomychorrhizal fungi
3. Endomychorrhizal fungi
4. Arbuscularmychorrhizal fungi

1. What is the ‘feeding’ network of the fungus?

1. Mushroom
2. Mycelium
3. Spores
4. Cyanobacteria

1. ______are fungi that make their living by digesting dead plant material.

1. Haustorium
2. Arbuscularmychorrhizal fungi
3. Mycelium
4. Saprophytes

1. ______are the mode of dispersal away from the parent in fungi.

1. Mushrooms
2. Mycelium
3. Spores
4. Cyanobacteria

1. Which of the following is the correct order of steps in sexual reproduction in fungi?

1. Plasmogamy mitosis karyogamy germination
2. Karyogamyplasmogamy meiosis  germination
3. Plasmogamykaryogamy meiosis  germination
4. Karyogamy meiosis plasmogamy germination

1. How many years ago did animals first appear on earth?

1. 550mya
2. 500mya
3. 620mya
4. 600mya

1. How many years ago did the radiation of animals begin (Cambrian Explosion)?

1. 550mya
2. 500mya
3. 620mya
4. 600mya

1. All of the following are key traits that ALL animals share EXCEPT:

1. Heterotrophy
2. Multicellularity
3. Autotrophy
4. Motility

1. How do fungi eat?

1. Absorbing nutrients through their hyphae from living or dead organisms
2. Phagocytosis
3. Chewing and swallowing in their mouth
4. With their hands