Honors European History
Absolutism Unit Test Study Guide
- Absolute Monarch
- Ruler with complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs
- Russia(Chapter 10, Section 2 & Chapter 17, Section 5)
- Kievan Rus – Ethnic group of the Russians
- Adoption of Byzantine Christianity
- Moscow
- Resisted the power of the Mongols
- Became the center of power in Russia
- Ivan the Great
- First Russian czar
- “The czar is in nature like all men, but in authority he is like the highest God.”
- Ivan the Terrible
- Established the absolute power of the czar in Russia
- Commissioned the building of St. Basil’s Cathedral
- Killed his son
- Michael Romanov
- Became czar after the Terrible Times
- Began Romanov dynasty in Russia
- Peter the Great
- Westernization of Russia
- Adoption of European ideas
- The “beard tax”
- St. Petersburg
- Peterhof Palace
- Wars with Charles XII of Sweden
- Battle of Poltava
- Catherine the Great
- German princess by birth (Sophia)
- Married to Czar Peter III
- Peter murdered (Catherine might have been involved)
- Winter Palace
- Harsh treatment of peasants
- Warm-water port
- Partition of Poland
- Partition – to divide up
- Spain (Chapter 17, Section 1)
- Charles V
- King of Spain, southern Italy, the Netherlands, the Holy Roman Empire
- Holy Roman Emperor during the Diet of Worms
- Hapsburg Dynasty
- Gave up titles to become a monk
- Philip II
- El Escorial
- Wars with the Ottomans
- Holy League
- Battle of Lepanto
- Wars with the Netherlands
- Catholics vs. Protestants
- Spanish Armada
- Elizabeth I of England
- Siglo de oro – “the golden century”
- Inflation of Spanish currency
- Inflation – the rise in price of goods in the market place and the weakening of the purchasing power of the currency
- Discovery of gold and silver in the New World
- The Columbian Exchange
- Caused by Columbus’ discovery of the New World
- Exchange of goods between the New and Old World
- Cultural diffusion
- Introduction of Old World diseases into the New World
- Was the Columbian Exchange a good thing?
- Tulipmania
- The Netherlands
- Cause of the bubble
- Bubble – economics
- Viceroy tulip bulb
- Commodities
- France (Chapter 17, section 2)
- War of Religion
- Catholics vs. Calvinist Protestants (Huguenots)
- Henri IV
- Began Bourbon dynasty
- St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
- “Paris is worth a mass”
- Edict of Nantes
- Assassinated
- Pont de Neuf
- Cardinal Richelieu
- Chief minister of Louis XIII
- Worked to increase the power of the monarchy in France
- Louis XIV
- The Fronde
- The “Sun King”
- “I am the state.”
- Revoked the Edict of Nantes
- Versailles Palace
- War of Spanish Succession
- Attempt to unite the crowns of Spain and France
- Balance of power with England
- Philip V (Louis XIV’s grandson)
- Rise of Austria and Prussia (Chapter 17, Section 4)
- Austria
- Maria Theresa
- Hapsburg ruler
- War of Austrian Succession
- Invasion of Silesia by the Prussians
- Rallied the Hungarian nobles to her cause
- Vienna became a center of music and the arts
- Prussia
- Hohenzollern family
- Junkers – nobility in Prussia
- Frederick William I
- “Prussia is not a state which possesses an army, but an army which possesses a state.”
- Frederick the Great
- Harsh upbringing
- Military training
- Military genius
- The Seven Years War (1756-1763)
- Balance of Power
- Prussia, Austria, Russia, France, and Britain
- The French and Indian War (North America)
- Treaty of Paris