Grade 10 Science – Semester II Final Exam Physics Review Guide
Definitions:
Speed Velocity Distance Displacement
Vector Quantities Scalar Quantities Acceleration Free Fall / Gravity
Uniform Circular Motion Tangential Speed Centripetal Acceleration Centripetal Force
Period Frequency Force Net Force
Free-Body Diagram Mass Weight Normal Force
Newton 1st Law of Motion Newton 2nd Law of Motion Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion Work
Joule Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Power
Mechanical Energy Watt Momentum Impulse
Elastic Collisions Inelastic Collisions Wave Longitudinal Wave
Periodic Motion Wavelength Period Frequency
Amplitude Superposition Hooke’s Law Constructive Interference
Potential Energy of a Spring Destructive Interference Resonance Law of Reflection
Transverse Wave Refraction
Equations:
Concept / Equation / ExplanationConstant Velocity and Displacement
Average Acceleration
Velocity with Constant Acceleration
Displacement with Constant Acceleration
Final Velocity with Constant Acceleration and Displacement
Velocity of an Object undergoing Uniform Circular Motion
Centripetal Acceleration
Period to Frequency
Centripetal Force
sin q
cos q
tan q
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Work / 1.
2.
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
(due to gravity)
Mechanical Energy
Power
Momentum
Impulse
Conservation of Momentum
(Elastic Collisions) / \
Conservation of Momentum
(Inelastic Collisions)
Hooke’s Law
Potential Energy of a Spring
Period of a Pendulum
Frequency
Velocity of a Wave
Wavelength
Period
Velocity Questions:
1. During a race on level ground, Andra runs with an average velocity of 6.02 m/s to the east. What is Andra’s displacement after 137 s?
2. Heather and Matthew walk with an average velocity of 0.98 m/s eastward. If it takes them 34 min to walk to the store, what is their displacement?
3. If Joe rides his bike in a straight line for 15 min with an average velocity of 12.5 km/h south, how far has he ridden?
4. It takes you 9.5 min to walk with an average velocity of 1.2 m/s to the north from the bus stop to the museum entrance. What is your displacement?
5. Simpson drives his car with an average velocity of 48.0 km/h to the east. How long will it take him to drive 144 km on a straight highway?
How much time would Simpson save by increasing his average velocity to 56.0 km/h to the east?
6. A bus travels 280 km south along a straight path with an average velocity of 88 km/h to the south. The bus stops for 24 min. Then, it travels 210 km south with an average velocity of 75 km/h to the south.
a. How long was the total trip?
b. What is the average velocity for the whole trip?
7. A book is moved once around the edge of a table top with dimensions of 1.75 m x 2.25 m. The book ends up back in its original position and completes the journey in 23 s.
a. What is the book’s displacement?
b. What is the distance the book traveled?
c. What was the book’s average speed?
d. What was the book’s average velocity?
8. Car A travels from New York City to Miami at a speed of 25 m/s. Car B travels from New York City to Los Angeles as a speed of 25 m/s. Are the velocities the same?
9. What is the shortest possible time in which a bacterium could travel a distance of 8.4 cm across a Petri dish at a constant speed of 3.5 mm/s?
10. A child is pushing a shopping cart at a speed of 1.5 m/s. How long will it take the child to push the cart down an aisle with a length of 9.3 m?
11. An athlete swims from the north end to the south end of a 50.0 m pool in 20.0 s and makes the return trip to the starting position in 22.0 s.
a. What is the average velocity for the first half of the trip?
b. What is the average velocity for the second half of the trip?
c. What is the average velocity for the roundtrip?
12. Two students walk in the same direction along a path, at a constant speed – one at 0.90 m/s and the other at 1.90 m/s.
a. Assuming that they start at the same point and the same time, how much sooner does the faster student arrive at a destination 780 m away?
b. How far would the students have to walk so that the faster student arrives 5.50 min before the slower student?
Average Acceleration Questions:
13. A shuttle bus slows down with an average acceleration of -1.8 m/s2. How long does it take the bus to slow from 9.0 m/s to a complete stop?
14. As the shuttle bus comes to a sudden stop to avoid hitting a dog, it accelerates uniformly at -4.1 m/s2 as it slows from 9.0 m/s to 0.0 m/s, Find the time interval of acceleration for the bus.
15. A car traveling at 7.0 m/s accelerates uniformly at 2.5 m/s2 to reach a speed of 12.0 m/s. How long did it take for this acceleration to occur?
16. With an average acceleration of -1.2 m/s2, how long will it take a cyclist to bring a bicycle with an initial speed of 6.5 m/s to a complete stop?
17. Turner’s treadmill runs with a velocity of -1.2 m/s and speeds up at regular intervals during a half-hour workout. After 25 min, the treadmill has a velocity of -6.5 m/s. What is the average acceleration of the treadmill during this period?
18. Suppose a treadmill has an average acceleration of 4.7 x 10-3 m/s2.
a. How much does its speed change after 5.0 min?
b. If the treadmill’s initial speed is 1.7 m/s, what will its final speed be?
19. If a baseball has zero velocity at some instant, is the acceleration of the baseball necessarily zero at that instant? Explain and give examples.
20. If a passenger train is traveling on a straight track with negative velocity and positive acceleration, is it speeding up or slowing down?
21. When Jennifer is out for a ride, she slows down on her bike as she approaches a group of hikers on a trail. Explain how her acceleration can be positive even though her speed is decreasing.
Displacement with Constant Acceleration Questions:
22. A racing car reaches a speed of 42 m/s. It then begins a uniform negative acceleration, using its parachute and braking system, and comes to rest 5.5 s later. Find the distance that the car travels during braking.
23. A car accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 6.6 m/s in 6.5 s. Find the distance the car travels during this time.
24. When Maggie applies the brakes of her car, the car slows uniformly from 15.0 m/s to 0.0 m/s in 2.50 s. How many meters before a stop sign must she apply her brakes in order to stop at the sign?
25. A driver in a car traveling at a speed of 21.8 m/s sees a cat 101 m away on the road. How long will it take for the car to accelerate uniformly to a stop in exactly 99 m.
26. A car enters the freeway with a speed of 6.4 m/s and accelerates uniformly for 3.2 km in 3.5 min. How fast (in m/s) is the car moving after this time?
Velocity and Displacement with Constant Acceleration Questions:
27. A plane starting at rest at one end of a runway undergoes a uniform acceleration of 4.8 m/s2 for 15 s before takeoff. What is the speed at takeoff? How long must the runway be for the plane to be able to take off?
28. A car with an initial speed of 6.5 m/s accelerates at a uniform rate of 0.92 m/s2 for 3.6 s. Find the final speed and the displacement of the car during this time.
29. An automobile with an initial speed of 4.30 m/s accelerates uniformly at the rate of 3.00 m/s2. Find the final speed and the displacement after 5.00 s.
30. A car starts from rest and travels for 5.0 s with a constant acceleration of -1.5 m/s2. What is the final velocity of the car? How far does the car travel in this time interval?
31. A driver of a car traveling at 15.0 m/s applies the brakes, causing a uniform acceleration of -2.0 m/s2. How long does it take the car to accelerate to a final speed of 10.0 m/s? How far has the car moved during the braking period?
Final Velocity after any Displacement Questions:
32. A person pushing a stroller starts from rest, uniformly accelerating at a rate of 0.500 m/s2. What is the velocity of the stroller after it has traveled 4.75 m?
33. A car traveling initially at +7.0 m/s accelerates uniformly at the rate of 0.80 m/s2 for a distance of 245 m.
a. What is its velocity at the end of the acceleration?
b. What is its velocity after it accelerates for 125 m?
c. What is its velocity after it accelerates for 67 m?
34. A car accelerates uniformly in a straight line from rest at the rate of 2.3 m/s2.
a. What is the speed of the car after it has traveled 55 m?
b. How long does it take the car to travel 55 m?
35. A motorboat accelerates uniformly from a velocity of 6.5 m/s to the west to a velocity of 1.5 m/s to the west. If the acceleration was 2.7 m/s2 to the east, how far did it travel during the acceleration?
36. An aircraft has a liftoff speed of 33 m/s. What minimum constant acceleration does this require if the aircraft is to be airborne after a take-off run of 240 m?
37. A certain car is capable of accelerating at a uniform rate of 0.85 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the car’s displacement as it accelerates uniformly from a speed of 83 km/h to one of 94 km/h?
Falling Objects Questions:
38. Jason hits a volleyball so that it moves with an initial velocity of 6.0 m/s straight upward. If the volleyball starts from 2.0 m above the floor, how long will it be in the air?
When the volleyball’s final velocity if 1.1 m/s upward, what is its displacement?
39. A robot probe drops a camera off the rim of a 239 m high cliff on Mars, where the free-fall acceleration is -3.7 m/s2.
a. Find the velocity with which the camera hits the ground.
b. Find the time required for it to hit the ground.
40. A flowerpot falls from a windowsill 25.0 m above the sidewalk.
a. How fast is the flowerpot moving when it strikes the ground?
b. How much time does a passerby on the sidewalk below have to move out of the way before the flowerpot hits the ground?
41. A tennis ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of +8.0 m/s.
a. What will be the ball’s speed when it returns to its starting point?
b. How long will the ball take to reach its starting point?
Centripetal Acceleration Questions:
42. A rope attaches a tire to an overhanging tree limb. A girl swinging on the tire has a centripetal acceleration of 3.0 m/s2. If the length of the rope is 2.1 m, what is the girl’s tangential speed?
43. As a young boy swings a yo-yo parallel to the ground and above his head, the yo-yo has a centripetal acceleration of 250 m/s2. If the yo-yo’s string is 0.50 m long, what is the yo-yo’s tangential speed?
44. A dog sits 1.5 m from the center of a merry-go-round. The merry-go-round is set in motion, and the dog’s tangential speed is 1.5 m/s. What is the dog’s centripetal acceleration?
45. A racecar moving along a circular track has a centripetal acceleration of 15.4 m/s2. If the car has a tangential speed of 30.0 m/s, what is the distance between the car and the center of the track?
Centripetal Force Questions:
46. A 2.10 m rope attaches a tire to an overhanging tree limb. A girl swinging on the tire has a tangential speed of 2.50 m/s. If the magnitude of the centripetal force is 88.0 N, what is the girl’s mass?
47. A bicyclist is riding at a tangential speed of 13.2 m/s around a circular track. The magnitude of the centripetal force is 377 N, and the combined mass of the bicycle and rider is 86.5 kg. What is the track’s radius?
48. A dog sits 1.5o m from the center of a merry-go-round and revolves at a tangential speed of 1.80 m/s. If the dog’s mass is 18.5 kg, what is the magnitude of the centripetal force on the dog? What form is this force taking?
49. A 905 kg car travels around a circular track with a circumference of 3.25 km. If the magnitude of the centripetal force is 2140 N, what is the car’s tangential speed? If the maximum frictional force that can be obtained between the car and its tires is 2600 N, what is the maximum tangential speed the car can still safely travel at around this track?
Free Body Diagram Questions:
50. Draw the following free-body diagram situations:
a. A ball falling to earth in the absence of air-resistance.
b. A ball falling to earth in the presence of air-resistance.
c. A person sitting in the middle of an ice covered lake.
d. A person sliding across (at a constant velocity) an ice covered lake where the friction is negligible.
e. A box sitting on the floor.
f. A box being pushed across a floor in the presence of friction.
g. A pendulum hanging straight down (not moving).
h. A pendulum passing though the bottom of its swinging arch.
i. A pendulum at the apex of its swinging arch.
Determining Net Force Questions:
51. A man is pulling on his dog with a force of 70.0 N directed at an angle of +30.0° to the horizontal. Find the x and y components of the force.