Project: Classes of Organic Compoundsname: ______

UNIT 07: Organic Chemistry BCLN CHEMISTRY 11 - Rev. July, 2015

Project: Classes of Organic CompoundsName: ______

Potential Credits: /10

Goal and Instructions:

The goal for this project is to create a table you can use to help you memorize the classes of organic compounds. You will need to learn to recognize key features of each class of organic compound. You will also need to know how to name each class which requires knowing the correct suffix (ending). You will be cutting and pasting information from the end of this document into the correct cells of each table to create an overall summary which you can then use for studying.

Hydrocarbons:

Hydrocarbons are the simplest types of organic compounds and their name tells you what they are made of: hydrogen and carbon ONLY! Note that R indicates a chain of carbon atoms with the correct number of hydrogens attached. R could be: meth (CH3-), eth (CH3CH2-), prop (CH3CH2CH2-), etc.

Class / General
Formula / Suffix / Example Structure / Example Name
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Arenes

Halogen Compounds:

In a halogen compound, one or more of the hydrogen atoms from a hydrocarbon is replaced by a halogen. The halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. The general letter used for a halogen is X. In general a halogenis considered to be a substituent so, in the name, they go at the start (prefix) rather than the end (suffix)

Class / General
Formula / Prefix / Example Structure / Example Name
Alkylhalides
Arylhalides

Oxygen:

These three classes of compounds contain oxygen but NOT a C=O double bond.

Class / General
Formula / Suffix / Example Structure / Example Name
Alcohols
Phenols
Ethers

Carbonyls:

These four classes all contain a carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O). It's important you recognize the differences between them and learn how to tell them apart from each other.

Class / General
Formula / Suffix / Example Structure / Example Name
Aldehydes
Ketones
Carboxylic Acids
Esters

Nitrogen:

These two classes contain nitrogen atoms. One of them also contains a carbonyl (C=O)

Class / General
Formula / Suffix / Example Structure / Example Name
Amines
Amides

Goal and Instructions:

In this section you should type out something that stands out for each class. A few are done for you!

Class / Distinguishing Feature
Alkanes / Has only C and H. No double or triple bonds.
Alkenes
Alkynes
Arenes
Alkylhalides
Arylhalides / Has a halogen and a benzene group
Alcohols / Has a hydroxyl (OH) group.
Phenols
Aldehydes
Ketones
Carboxylic Acids / Has a carbonyl (C=O) and an OH
Esters
Amines
Amides

General Formulas:

Suffixes and Prefixes:

-oxy
-ane / Halo- / -ol / -amide
-al / -ene / -phenol / -one
-yne / -amine / -benzene / -oic acid
Halo- / -yl
-oate / -ane

Example Structures:

Example Names:

Methyl
Ethanoate / Chloropropane / Ethanamide / Methyl-benzene
2-Butene / Propanal / Butanone / Bromobenzene
Propyne / Ethylamine / Methoxyethane / Propanoic Acid
2-Propanol / 2-Methyl-phenol / Propane

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