1
Department of EconomicsProfessor D.K. Foot
University of TorontoECO 425/2807S, 2004-05
Department of EconomicsProfessor D.K.Foot
University of Toronto, 2004-05Rm S106, 150 St.George St.
READING LIST
ECO 425/2807S: ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHICS
REFERENCES
M. Baker, Aging in Canadian Society: A Survey (Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1988).
R. Beaujot and D. Kerr, Population Change in Canada, Second Edition (Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2003).
D. Benjamin, M.Gunderson and W.C. Riddell, Labour Market Economics:Theory, Evidence and Policy in Canada, Fifth Edition (Toronto:McGrawHill Ryerson, 2002).
N. Birdsall, A.C. Kelley and S.W. Sinding (eds.), Population Matters: Demographic Change, Economic Growth, and Poverty in the Developing World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
R.P. Cincotta, R. Engelman and D. Anastasion, The Security Demographic: Population and Civil Conflict after the Cold War (Washington: Population Action International, 2004).
R.Clark, J.Kreps and J.Spengler, "Economics of Aging:A Survey", Journal of Economic Literature, 16:3 (September 1978), 91962.
D. Cheal, Aging and Demographic Change in Canadian Context (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002).
P. Dasgupta, “The Population Problem: Theory and Evidence”, Journal of Economic Literature, 33:4 (December 1995), 1879-1902.
F.T. Denton, C.H. Feaver and B.G. Spencer, “The Future Population of Canada, Its Age Distribution and Dependency Relations”, Canadian Journal on Aging, 17:1 (Spring 1998), 83-109.
F.T. Denton, D. Fretz and B.G. Spencer (eds.), Independence and Economic Security in Old Age (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2000).
K. Dychtwald, Age Wave (New York: Bantam, 1990).
R.A. Easterlin, Birth and Fortune, Second Edition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987).
T.J. Espenshade and W.J. Serow (eds.), The Economic Consequences of Slowing Population Growth (New York: Academic, 1978).
D.K.Foot, Canada's Population Outlook:Demographic Futures and Economic Challenges (Toronto:Lorimer, 1982).
D.K. Foot and D. Stoffman, Boom, Bust & Echo: Profiting from the Demographic Shift in the 21st Century (Toronto: Stoddart, 2000).
I.P. Fellegi, "Can We Afford an Aging Society?", Canadian Economic Observer, October 1988, 4.1-.34.
E.M. Gee and G.M. Gutman (eds.), The Overselling of Population Aging: Apocalyptic Demography, Intergenerational Challenges, and Social Policy (Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2000).
M.M. Greller and D.M. Nee, From Baby Boom to Baby Bust: How Business Can Meet the Demographic Challenge (Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1989).
M.D. Hurd, "Research on the Elderly: Economic Status, Retirement, and Consumption and Saving", Journal of Economic Literature, 28:2 (June 1990), 565-637.
L.Y. Jones, Great Expectations (New York: Ballatine, 1980).
McFalls, J.A., “Population: A Lively Introduction, 4th Edition”, Population Bulletin, 58:4 (December 2003), glance.
D.J. Macunovich, Birth Quake: The Baby Boom and its Aftershocks (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002).
M. Novak, Aging and Society: A Canadian Perspective (Scarborough, Ont.: Nelson Canada, 1988).
M.R. Rosenzweig, and O. Stark (eds.), Handbook of Population and Family Economics, Vols 1A and 1B (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997).
L.B. Russell, The Baby Boom Generation and the Economy (Washington: The Brookings Institution, 1982).
T.P.Schultz, Economics and Population (Reading:AddisonWesley, 1981).
Statistics Canada, Population Estimation Methods, Canada, Catalogue No. 91-528E (Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1987).
Statistics Canada, Population Projections for Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2000-2016, Catalogue 91-520 (Ottawa:Statistics Canada, 2000).
F. Trovato, Population and Society: Essential Readings (Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2002).
J.R. Weeks, Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues, Eighth Edition (Belmont: Wadsworth, 2002).
D.A. Wise (ed.), Themes in the Economics of Aging (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001).
NOTE:In the following list, optional readings are denoted by an asterisk (*).
1INTRODUCTION
1.1Course Administration
1.2Data Sources
Overbeek, J.,Population and Canadian Society (Toronto:Butterworths, 1980), Ch.2.
* Population Reference Bureau,
*Statistics Canada, Population Estimation Methods, Pp. 1-20, glance at remainder.
1.3Introduction to Demographics
* Dychtwald, Chs. 1 to 4.
Foot and Stoffman, Introduction and Ch. 1.
Gibson, C., "The Four Baby Booms", American Demographics, 15:11 (November 1993), 36-40.
*Jones, glance.
*Weeks, Chs. 1 and 2.
2CANADA'S DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENTS
2.1Historical Developments
Beaujot and Kerr, Ch. 2.
*Beaujot, R. and K. McQuillan, Growth and Dualism: The Demographic Development of Canadian
Society (Toronto: Gage, 1982), Chs.1, 4, 5 and 6 (glance at 8).
Foot, Chs.1 and 2.
* Haines, M. and H. Steckel (eds), A Population History of North America (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2000).
*Marr, W.L.and D.G.Paterson, Canada:An Economic History (Toronto: Macmillan, 1980), Ch.6.
Munnell, A.H., “Population Aging: Its Not Just the Baby Boom” (April 2004), available at
*Novak, Chs. 2 and 3.
*Wargon, S.T., Demography in Canada in the Twentieth Century (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2002).
2.2Current Developments
Russell, C., "The Baby Boom Turns 50", American Demographics, 17:12 (December 1995), 22-33.
Statistics Canada, Report on the Demographic Situation in Canada, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 91-209XPE (Ottawa: Statistics Canada, annual), glance.
2.3Future Developments
Denton, Feaver and Spencer, “The Future Population .....”.
Foot, Ch.3.
Longman, P., “The Global Baby Bust”, Foreign Affairs, 83:3 (May/June 2004), 64-79.
McKie, C., "Population Aging: Baby Boomers into the 21st Century", Canadian Social Trends, 29 (Summer 1993), 2-6.
*Priest, G., "The Demographic Future", Canadian Social Trends, 17 (Summer 1990), 5-8.
Statistics Canada, Population Projections ..., glance.
3CONCEPTS AND THEORIES
3.1Demographic Concepts and Definitions
*Baker, Ch. 1.
Foot, Ch.4.
*McFalls, glance.
Parliament, J-A., "Increased Life Expectancy, 1921 to 1981", Canadian Social Trends (Summer 1987), 15-9.
*Weeks, Chs. 8 and 11, and Appendix.
3.2Demographic Theories
Dasgupta, I-VI.
*Easterlin, Birth and Fortune, Chs. 1 and 2.
Hodgson, D., "Orthodoxy and Revisionism in American Demography", Population and Development Review, 14:4 (December 1988), 541-69.
Lee, R., “The Demographic Transition: Three Centuries of Fundamental Change”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17:4 (Fall 2003), 167-90.
3.3Economic Concepts and Theories
*Becker, G.S., The Economic Approach to Human Behavior (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976), Ch.1.
Benjamin, Gunderson and Riddell, Chs.1 to 4 and 9.
Clark, Kreps and Spengler, Economics of Aging ...”, S. I.
*Schultz, Chs.1 to 4.
*Weeks, Ch. 3.
3.4Research Framework
Foot, D.K., “Voodoo and Apocalyptic Demography - Conceptual and Methodological Issues”, Canadian Journal on Aging, 22:1 (Spring 2002), 147-51.
* Foot and Stoffman, Appendices I and II.
4NATURAL INCREASE
4.1Fertility
Beaujot and Kerr, Ch. 4.
*Becker, G.S. and R.J. Barro, "A Reformulation of the Economic Theory of Fertility", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 103:1 (February 1988), 1-25.
Benjamin, Gunderson and Riddell, Ch.1.
*Bergstrom, T.C., “A Survey of Theories of the Family”, Ch. 2 in Handbook (Vol 1A), 21-79.
*Bongaarts, J., “Fertility Decline in the Developed World: Where will it End?”, American Economic Review, 89:2 (May 1999), 256-60.
Butz, W.P. and M.P.Ward, "The Emergence of Countercyclical U.S. Fertility", American Economic Review, 69:3 (June 1979), 31828.
*Dooley, M.D., "Women, Children and Poverty in Canada," Canadian Public Policy, 20:4 (December 1994), 430-43.
Easterlin, R.A., "What will 1984 be like? Socioeconomic Implications of Recent Twists in Age Structure", Demography, 14:4 (November 1978), 397432.
*Easterlin, R.A., Birth and Fortune, especially Chs. 1, 2, 3 and 8.
Grindstaff, C.F., "Canadian Fertility 1951 to 1993: From Baby Boom to Bust to Stability", Canadian Social Trends, 39 (Winter 1995), 12-16.
Hyatt, D.E. and W.J. Milne, "Can Public Policy Affect Fertility?", Canadian Public Policy, 17:1 (March 1991), 77-85.
Milligan, K., “Subsidizing the Stork: New Evidence on Tax Incentives and Fertility”, NBER Working Paper # 8845.
*Preston, S., "Changing Values and Falling Birth Rates", Population and Development Review, 12:Supplement (1986), 176-95 (followed by the comment by H.B. Presser).
*Sanderson, W.C., "On Two Schools of the Economics of Fertility", Population and Development Review, 2:3/4 (1976), 46978.
*Schultz, Ch.6.
*Smith, H.L., "Integrating Theory and Research on the Institutional Determinants of Fertility", Demography, 26:2 (May 1989), 171-84.
*Weeks, Chs. 4 and 5.
Willis, R.J., "What Have We Learned from the Economics of the Family?", American Economic Review, 77:2 (May 1987), 68-81.
4.2Mortality
*Bourbeau, R., “Canadian Mortality in Perspective: A Comparison with the United States and other Developed Countries”, Canadian Studies in Population, 29:2 (2002), 313-69.
*D’Arcy, C. and C.M. Siggique, "Unemployment and Health: An Analysis of Canada Health Survey Data", International Journal of Health Services, 15:4 (1985), pp. 609-35.
*Easterlin, R.A., “How Beneficient is the Market? A Look at the Modern History of Mortality”, European Review of Economic History, 3:4 (December 1999), 257-94.
*Fogel, R.W., K.I. Wolpin,, R.C. Sickles and P. Taubman, Chs. 9, 10 and 11 in Handbook (Vol 1A), glance.
*Hammermesh, D.and N.M.Soss, "An Economic Theory of Suicide", Journal of Political Economy, 82:1 (JanFeb 1974), 8398.
*Langlois, S. and P. Morrison, “Suicide Deaths and Attempts”, Canadian Social Trends, Number 66 (Autumn 2002), 20-5.
*Pampel, F.C., The Institutional Context of Population Change: Patterns of Fertility and Mortality across High-income Nations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001).
*Vallin, J., "Socioeconomic Determinants of Mortality in Industrialized Countries", in W.H.O., Socioeconomic Determinants and Consequences of Mortality (Geneva:United Nations, 1980).
Vaupel, J.W., “Demographic Analysis of Aging and Longevity”, American Economic Review, 88:2 (May 1998), 242-7.
*Wagstaff, A., "Time Series Analysis of the Relationship between Unemployment and Mortality: A Survey of Econometric Critiques and Replications of Brenner's Studies", Social Science Medicine, 21:9 (Sept. 1985), 985-96.
*Weeks, Ch. 6.
5MIGRATION
5.1International Migration
Badets, J., "Canada's Immigrants: Recent Trends", Canadian Social Trends, 29 (Summer 1993), 8-11.
Beaujot and Kerr, Ch. 5.
*Beaujot, R. and J.P. Rappak, "The Link between Immigration and Emigration in Canada, 1945-1986", Canadian Studies in Population, 16:2 (1989), 201-16.
Benjamin, Gunderson and Riddell, Ch.11.
Borjas, G.J., "The Economics of Immigration", Journal of Economic Literature, 32:4 (December 1994), 1667-1717.
*Foot, D.K., "Population Aging and Immigration Policy in Canada: Implications and Prescriptions", Population Working Paper No. 1 (Ottawa: Canada Employment and Immigration Commission, 1986).
Grant, M.L., “Evidence of New Immigrant Assimilation in Canada”, Canadian Journal of Economics, 32:4 (August 1999), 930-55.
Green, A.G. and D.A. Green, "Canadian Immigration Policy: the Effectiveness of the Point System and Other Instruments", Canadian Journal of Economics, 28:4b (November 1995), 1006-41.
Green, A.G. and D.A. Green, "The Economic Goals of Canada’s Immigration Policy”, Canadian Public Policy, 15:4 (December 1999), 425-51.
*Harrison, T., "Class, Citizenship, and Global Migration: The Case of the Canadian Business Immigration Program, 1978-1992", Canadian Public Policy, 22:1 (March 1996), 7-23.
*McKie, C., "A History of Emigration from Canada", Canadian Social Trends, 35 (Winter 1994), 12-16.
Mohlo, I., "Theories of Migration: A Review", Scottish Journal of Political Economy (1986), 396-419.
Schaafsma, J. and A. Sweetman, “Immigrant Earnings: Age at Immigration Matters”, Canadian Journal of Economics, 34:4 (November 2001), 1066-99.
Statistics Canada, Population Estimation Methods, Ch. 5.
5.2Interregional Migration
Beaujot and Kerr, Ch. 6.
Benjamin, Gunderson and Riddell, Ch.11.
Che-Alford, J., "Canadians on the Move", Canadian Social Trends, 25 (Summer 1992), 32-34.
Foot, D.K. and W.J. Milne, "Multiregional Estimation of Gross Internal Migration Flows", International Regional Science Review, 12:1 (1989), 29-43.
*Foot, D.K. and W.J. Milne, "Serial Correlation in Multiregional Migration Models", Journal of Regional Science, 30:4 (1990), 505-13.
Greenwood, M.J., "Research on Internal Migration in the U.S.:A Survey", Journal of Economic Literature, 13:2 (June 1975), 397433.
*Greenwood, M.J., "Human Migration: Theory, Models and Empirical Studies", Journal of Regional Science, 25:4 (November 1985), 521-44.
*Northcott, H.C., "The Interprovincial Migration of Canada's Elderly", Canadian Journal on Aging, 3:1 (1982), 322.
Statistics Canada, Population Estimation Methods, Ch. 4.
6LABOUR FORCE
6.1Microeconomic Foundations
*Beaudry, P. and D.A. Green, “Cohort Patterns in Canadian Earnings: Assessing the Role of Skill Premia in Inequality Trends”, Canadian Journal of Economics, 33:4 (November 2000), 907-36.
*Behrman, J.R., “Why Micro Matters”, in Birdsall, Kelley and Sinding, Ch. 13.
Benjamin, Gunderson and Riddell, Chs.2 to 4 (glance at Chs.5 to 7).
Berger, M.C., "Demographic Cycles, Cohort Size, and Earnings", Demography, 26:2 (May 1989), 311-22.
*Freeman, R.B., "The Effect of Demographic Factors on Age Earnings Profiles", Journal of Human Resources, 14:3 (Summer 1979), 289318.
*Li, P.S., “Initial Earnings and Catch-Up Capacity of Immigrants”, Canadian Public Policy, 29:3 (September 2003), 319-50.
*Robinson, C.and N.Tomes, "More on the Labour Supply of Canadian Women", Canadian Journal of Economics, 18:1 (February 1985), 15663.
*Schultz, Ch. 7.
*Smeeding, T.M. and D.H. Sullivan, “Generations and the Distribution of Economic Well-Being: A
Cross National View”, American Economic Review, 88:2 (May 1998), 254-8.
6.2Labour Force
*Cincotta, Engelman and Anastasion, Ch. 3.
Denton, F.T. and B.G. Spencer, “Population, Labour Force and Long-term Economic Growth”, Policy Options, 19:1 (Jan-Feb 1998), 3-9.
*Foot, D.K.and J.C.Li, "Youth Unemployment in Canada:A Misplaced Priority?", Canadian Public Policy, 12:3 (September 1986), 499-506.
*Foot, D.K. and R.A. Venne, “The Time is Right: Voluntary Reduced Worktime and Workforce Demographics”, Canadian Studies in Population, 25:2 (1998), 91-114.
*Olson, R.J., "Fertility and the Size of the U.S. Labor Force," Journal of Economic Literature, 32:1 (March 1994), 60-100.
*Rees, A., "An Essay on Youth Joblessness", Journal of Economic Literature, 24:2 (June 1986), 613-28.
6.3Macroeconomic Implications
*Birdsall, Kelley and Sinding, Part II.
Clark, Kreps and Spengler, "Economics of Aging ...", S. VI.
*Denton, F.T., C.H. Feaver and B. Spencer, "Prospective Aging of the Population and its Implications for the Labour Force and Government Expenditures", Canadian Journal on Aging, 5:2 (Summer 1986), 75-86.
Foot, Ch.6.
Macunovich, D.J., “Relative Cohort Size and Inequality in the United States”, American Economic Review, 88:2 (May 1998), 259-64.
7MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
7.1Savings and Productivity
*Ando, A. and F. Modigliani, "The `Life Cycle Hypothesis' of Saving", American Economic Review, 51:1 (March 1963), 55-84.
*Browning, M. and A. Lusardi, “Household Saving: Micro Theories and Micro Facts”, Journal of Economic Literature, 34:4 (December 1996), 1797-1855.
Browning, M. and T.F. Crossley, “The Life-Cycle Model of Consumption and Saving”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15:3 (Summer 2001), 3-22.
Burbidge, J.B.and A.L.Robb, "Evidence on WealthAge Profiles in Canadian CrossSection Data", Canadian Journal of Economics, 18:4 (November 1985), 85475.
Clark, Kreps and Spengler, "Economics of Aging ...", S. III.
*King, M.A.and L.D.L.DicksMireaux, "Asset Holdings and the Life Cycle", Economic Journal, Vol.92, No.366 (June 1982), 24767.
*Modigliani, F. and S.L. Cao, “The Chinese Saving Puzzle and the Life-Cycle Hypothesis”, Journal of Economic Literature, 42:1 (March 2004), 145-70.
Russell, C. and M. Mogelonsky, “Riding High on the Market”, American Demographics, 22:4 (April 2000), 45-54.
*Ram, R.and T.W.Schultz, "Life Span, Health, Savings and Productivity", Economic Development and Cultural Change, 27:3 (1979), 399421.
*Wiseman, A.C., "Projected Long-Term Demographic Trends and Aggregate Personal Saving in the United States", Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 11:4 (Summer 1989), 497-508.
7.2Macroeconomic Performance
*Andersson, B., “Scandinavian Evidence on Growth and Age Structure”, Regional Studies, 35:5 (2001), 377-90.
*Becker, G.S., "Family Economics and Macro Behavior", American Economic Review, 78:1 (March 1988), 1-13.
Becker, G.S., E.L. Glaeser and K.M. Murphy, “Population and Economic Growth”, American Economic Review, 89:2 (May 1999), 145-9.
*Brooks, R., “Asset-Market Effects of the Baby Boom and Social-Security Reform”, American Economic Review, 92:2 (May 2002), 402-6.
*Denton, F.T.and B.G.Spencer, Population and the Economy (Lexington:Lexington Books, 1975), especially Ch 4 and 5.
Denton, F.T.and B.G.Spencer, "Some Economic and Demographic Implications...".
*Elmendorf, D.W. and L.M. Sheiner, “Should America Save for its Old Age? Fiscal Policy, Population Aging and National Saving”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14:3 (Summer 2000), 57-74.
Fair, R.C. and K.M. Dominguez, "Effects of Changing U.S. Age Distribution on Macroeconomic Equations", American Economic Review, 81:5 (December 1991), 1276-94.
*Lenehan, A.J., “The Macroeconomic Effects of the Postwar Baby Boom: Evidence from Australia”, Journal of Macroeconomics, 18:1 (Winter 1996), 155-69.
*Ridker, R.G., "The Effects of Slowing Population Growth on Long-Run Economic Growth in the U.S. during the Next Half Century" in Espenshade and Serow, 127-55.
*Sarel, M., “Demographic Dynamics and the Empirics of Economic Growth”, IMF Staff Papers, 42:2 (June 1995), 398-410.
7.3Generational Accounting
Gokhale, J., B. Page, J. Potter and J. Sturrock, “Generational Accounts for the United States: An Update”, American Economic Review, 90:2 (May 2000), 293-6.
Haveman, R., “Should Generational Accounts Replace Public Budgets and Deficits?”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8:1 (Winter 1994), 95-111.
*Kotlikoff, L.J. and B. Raffelhüschen, “Generational Accounting Around the Globe”, American Economic Review, 89:2 (May 1999), 161-6.
7.4Endogenous Growth
*Barro, R.J. and G.S. Becker, “Fertility Choice in a Model of Economic Growth”, Econometrica, 57:2 (March 1989), 481-501.
*Galor, O. and D.N. Weil, “The Gender Gap, Fertility and Growth”, American Economic Review, 86:3 (June 1996), 374-87.
Gomez, R. and D.K. Foot, “Age Structure, Income Distribution and Economic Growth”, Canadian
Public Policy, 29 (January 2003), S141-61.
8SECTORAL IMPACTS EDUCATION
8.1ElementarySecondary
*Clark, W., M.S.Devereaux and Z.Zsigmond, The Class of 2001 (Ottawa:Statistics Canada, 1979).
Foot, Ch.5 (145161).
Foot and Stoffman, Ch. 8.
McDaniel, 902.
*Russell, Ch. 3.
Wellner, A.S., “Generation Z", American Demographics, 22:9 (September 2000), 61-4.
8.2PostSecondary
*Ahlburg, D., E.M.Crimmins and R.A.Easterlin, "The Outlook for Higher Education:A Cohort Size Model of Enrollment of the College Age Population, 19482000", Review of Public Data Use, 9:3 (September 1981), 21127.
*Ehrenberg, R.G., “Prospects in the Academic Labour Market for Economists”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18:2 (Spring 2004), 227-38.
Faust, K., M. Gann and J. McKibben, “The Boomlet Goes to College”, American Demographics, 21:6 (June 1999), 44-5.
Foot, Ch.5 (162182), or Wigdor and Foot, Ch. 4.
*Foot, D.K.and B.Pervin, "The Determinants of PostSecondary Enrolment Rates in Ontario", Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 13:3 (1983), 122.
Foot, D.K., "University Enrolments: Challenging Popular Misconceptions" in D.W. Conklin and T.J. Courchene (eds.), Ontario Universities: Access, Operations, and Funding (Toronto: Ontario Economic Council, 1985), 166-76.
Speer, T.L., "A Nation of Students", American Demographics, 18:8 (August 1996).
Spiegler, M., “Have Money Will Matriculate”, American Demographics, 20:9 (September 1998), 50-6.
9SECTORAL IMPACTS HOUSING
9.1Household Formation
Beaujot and Kerr, Ch. 9.
*Becker, G.L., "A Theory of Marriage", Journal of Political Economy, 81:4 (July/August 1973) and 82:2 (March/April 1974); reprinted in Becker, The Economic Approach ..., op.cit., Ch.11.
*Johnson, W.R. and J. Skinner, "Labour Supply and Marital Separation", American Economic Review 76:2 (June 1986), 455-69.
McDaniel, 8690.
Statistics Canada, Population Estimation Methods, Ch. 7.
Statistics Canada, Projections of Households and Families for Canada, Provinces and Territories, 1994-2016, Catalogue 91-522 (Ottawa:Statistics Canada, 1995), glance.
9.2The Housing Market
Brown, P.W., "The Demographic Future:Impacts on the Demand for Housing in Canada, 19812001", in G.W.Gau and M.A.Goldberg, NorthAmerican Housing Markets into the TwentyFirst Century (Cambridge, Mass.:Ballinger, 1983), 532.
*Fallis, G., Housing Economics (Toronto:Butterworths, 1985), Chs.2, 5, 6 and 9.
Foot and Stoffman, Ch. 2.
Francese, P., “The Coming Boom in Second-Home Ownership”, American Demographics, 23:10 (October 2001), 26-7 and “The Second-Home Boom”, 25:5 (June 2003), 40-2.
*Manchester, J., "The Baby Boom, Housing and Financial Flows", American Economic Review, 78:2 (May 1988), 70-5.
*Mankiw, N.G. and D.N. Weil, "The Baby Boom, the Baby Bust and the Housing Market", Regional Science and Urban Economics, 19:2 (May 1989), 235-58.
*Novak, Ch. 10.
Raymond, J., “Senior Living: Beyond the Nursing Home”, American Demographics, 22:11 (November 2000), 58-63.
*Russell, 102-19.
10SECTORAL IMPACTS CRIME
*Avio, K.L. and C.S. Clark, Property Crime in Canada: An Econometric Study (Toronto: Ontario Economic Council, 1976).
Foot and Stoffman, Ch. 7.
*Levitt, S.D., “Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that Do Not”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18:1 (Winter 2004), 163-90.
Mergenhagen, P., "The Prison Population Bomb", American Demographics, 18:2 (February 1996), 36-42.
Schapiro, M.O. and D.A. Ahlburg, "Why Crime is Down", American Demographics, 8:10 (October 1986), 56-9.
11SECTORAL IMPACTS RECREATION AND HEALTH
11.1Recreation and Leisure
*Day, K.M. and R.A. Devlin, "Volunteerism and Crowding Out: Canadian Econometric Evidence", Canadian Journal of Economics, 29:1 (February 1996), 37-53.
Foot and Stoffman, Ch. 6.
Foot, D.K., "The Age of Outdoor Recreation in Canada", Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 15:3 (1989/90), 159-78.
Foot, D.K. and T.W. Hennigar, "Recreation and the Economic Cycle in Ontario", Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 17:1 (1992), 37-62.
*Robinson, J.P., "Where's the Boom?", American Demographics, 8:3 (March 1987), 34-37, 56. (See also July 1989 and February 1990).
Robinson, J.P. and G. Godbey, "The Great American Slowdown", American Demographics, 18:6 (June 1996), 42-8.
*Strain, L.A., “Seniors Centres: Who Participates?”, Canadian Journal on Aging, 20:4 (Winter 2001), 471-91.
11.2Health
*Barer, M.L., R.G. Evans and C. Hertzman, "Avalanche or Glacier? Health Care and the Demographic
Rhetoric", Canadian Journal on Aging, 14:2 (Summer 1995), 193-224.
Boulet, JA and G.Grenier, "Health Expenditures in Canada and the Impact of Demographic Changes on Future Government Health Insurance Program Expenditures", Economic Council of Canada, Discussion Paper No.123 (1978), Ch.2.