INTERIMRECOVERYPLANNO.133
WESTERNPRICKLYHONEYSUCKLE (LAMBERTIAECHINATASUBSP.OCCIDENTALIS) INTERIMRECOVERYPLAN
2003-2008
GillianStackAndrewBrown
April2003
Photograph:AndrewBrown
DepartmentofConservationandLandManagement
WesternAustralianThreatenedSpeciesandCommunitiesUnit(WATSCU) POBox51,Wanneroo,WA6946
FOREWORD
InterimRecoveryPlans(IRPs)aredevelopedwithintheframeworklaiddowninDepartmentofConservation andLandManagement(DCLM)PolicyStatementsNos.44and50.
IRPs outline the recovery actions that are required to urgently address those threatening processes most affectingtheongoingsurvivalofthreatenedtaxaorecologicalcommunities,andbegintherecoveryprocess.
TheDepartmentis committedto ensuringthatCriticallyEndangeredtaxaareconservedthroughthepreparation andimplementation ofRecoveryPlansorInterimRecoveryPlansandbyensuringthatconservationaction commencesassoonaspossibleandalwayswithinoneyearofendorsementofthatrankbytheMinister.
ThisIRPresultsfroma reviewofIRPnumber36(G.Stack,RebeccaEvansandV.English,1999-2002)and replaces it.Therevised IRPwilloperate fromApril 2003toMarch 2008but will remain in force until withdrawnorreplaced.It is intendedthat,if thetaxonis stillrankedCriticallyEndangered,thisIRPwillbe reviewedafterfiveyearsandtheneedforafullRecoveryPlanwillbeassessed.
ThisIRPwasapprovedbytheDirectorofNatureConservation on20June,2003.Theprovisionoffunds identified in this Interim Recovery Plan is dependent on budgetary and other constraints affecting the Department,aswellastheneedtoaddressotherpriorities.
InformationinthisIRPwasaccurateatApril2003.
SUMMARY
ScientificName:Lambertiaechinatasubsp. occidentalis
CommonName:WesternPricklyHoneysuckle
Family:ProteaceaeFloweringPeriod:October–December
DeptRegion:SouthWestDeptDistrict:Blackwood
Shire:BusseltonRecoveryTeam:SouthWestRegionThreatenedFlora
RecoveryTeam(SWRTFRT)
Illustrations and/or further information: A. Brown, C. Thomson-Dans and N. Marchant (Eds) (1998) Western Australia’sThreatenedFlora;V.English(1999)ShrublandAssociationonSouthernSwanCoastalPlainIronstone,Draft InterimRecoveryPlan;G.J.Keighery(1997)AnewsubspeciesofLambertiaechinata(Proteaceae).Nuytsia,11(2):283-
284.
Current status:Lambertia echinata subsp.occidentalis wasdeclared asRare Flora inOctober 1996 andranked as
CriticallyEndangeredinNovember1998.ItcurrentlymeetsWorldConservationUnion(IUCN,2000)RedListCategory
‘CR’undercriteriaA2c,B1+2ce,C1,D asitisknown fromasinglewildpopulation comprised oflessthan100mature individualsandthereisacontinuingdeclineinthequalityofthehabitatdueto Phytophthora cinnamomiinfection. The mainthreatsto the subspeciesare disease,inappropriatefire regimes,mineralsandmining,waterlogging,weedsandrabbit grazing.
Criticalhabitat:Thecriticalhabitatfor Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalis comprisestheareaofoccupancyofthe known population; area of occupancy of translocated populations; similar habitat within 200 metres of known and translocated populations;corridorsofremnantvegetationthatlinkpopulations;thelocalcatchmentarea;andadditional nearbyoccurrencesofsimilarhabitatthatdonotcurrentlycontainthespeciesbutmayhavedonesointhepastandmay stillbesuitableforfurthertranslocations.
Habitatcriticaltothesurvivalofthespecies,andimportantpopulations:Giventhatthissubspeciesislistedas
Threateneditisconsideredthatallknownhabitatforwildandtranslocatedpopulationsishabitatcritical.
Benefitstootherspecies/ecologicalcommunities:Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisoccursonthethreatened ecologicalcommunity“ShrublandAssociationon Southern SwanCoastalPlainIronstones(BusseltonArea)”.Also, severalotherthreatenedplanttaxa(Brachysemapapilio,Petrophilelatericola,Chamelauciumroyceims,Dryandra
squarrosasubsp.argillaceaandDryandraniveasubsp.uliginosa)willbenefitfromrecoveryactionsputinplaceforthe
subspecies.Recoveryactionsforthissubspecieswillalsoimprovetheconditionof theassociatedremnantbushland.
International Obligations: This plan is fully consistent with the aims and recommendations of the Convention on BiologicalDiversity,ratifiedbyAustraliainJune1993,andwillassistinimplementingAustralia’sresponsibilitiesunder thatConvention.However,asLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisisnotlistedunderanyinternationalagreement,the implementationofotherinternationalenvironmentalresponsibilitiesisnotaffectedbythisplan.
Roleandinterestsofindigenouspeople:Therearenoknownindigenouscommunitiesinterestedorinvolvedinthe managementof areasaffectedbythisplan.Thereforenorolehasbeenidentifiedforindigenouscommunitiesinthe recoveryofthisspecies.
Socialandeconomicimpacts: Theimplementationofthisrecoveryplanhasthepotentialtohavesomeminimaleconomic impactasthesubspeciesoccursinanareaadjacenttoa Miningtenement.
EvaluationofthePlansPerformance:TheDepartmentofConservationandLandManagement,inconjunctionwiththe relevantRecoveryTeam,willevaluatetheperformanceofthisIRP.Inadditiontoannualreportingonprogressoflisted actionsandcomparisonagainstthecriteriaforsuccessandfailure,theplanistobereviewedwithinfiveyearsofits implementation.
Habitatrequirements:Lambertiaechinatasubsp. occidentalisisknownfromasinglewildpopulationatthebaseofthe WhicherRangewhereitisconfinedtohighlyrestrictedironstonehabitat.Thehabitatisawinter-wetarea of shrublandover shallow sandy soils over ironstone. The plant association in which the taxon occurs is the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) ‘Shrublands on southern Swan Coastal Plain Ironstones’, which is ranked Critically Endangered (English1999).
ExistingRecoveryActions:Thefollowingrecoveryactionshavebeenorarecurrentlybeingimplemented–
1.Appropriatelandmanagershavebeennotifiedof thepresenceandthreatenedstatusofthetaxon.
2.Seedhasbeencollectedfrom Population1onseveraloccasions,andisstoredinDCLM'sThreatenedFloraSeed
Centreat–18C.
3.TheBotanicGardenandParksAuthoritycurrentlyhave88plantsofLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisfromsix clones.
4.Anexperimentaltranslocationhasbeenimplementedinstagesin1998,1999,2000,2001and2002.Plantingsduring thetranslocationhaveoccurredintheareaoftheoriginalpopulationandintwonewlyvestedNatureReserves.
5.In1997staffofDCLM’sScienceDivisiontooksamplesthatpositivelyidentifiedthepresenceoftheplantpathogen
Phytophthoracinnamomi(dieback)inthehabitatofthesubspecies.
6.Tocombatdiebackdisease,thesitecontainingtheLambertiaechinatasubsp. occidentalispopulationwasfirstsprayed withphosphiteinApril1998.Thisactionisongoing.
7.ImplementationoftherecoveryactionsoutlinedintheIRPfortheTEC‘ShrublandsonsouthernSwanCoastalPlain Ironstones’(English1999)has commencedand is ongoing.Actionsbeingputin placeto protectthis communityalso protectLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalis.
8.Aninformationsheetthatdescribesandillustratesthetaxon,threatsandrecoveryactionshasbeenproduced.
9.AseparateinformationsheetdescribingandillustratingtheTECinwhichitoccurshasalsobeenproduced.
10. BlackwoodDistrictstaffhaveproducedamapthatdefinesareasthatarenotavailableforcommercialwildflower pickingto helppreventillegalpickingin theareaof thepopulation.
11. StafffromDCLM'sBlackwoodDistrictregularlymonitorwildandtranslocatedpopulationsofthetaxon.
12. TheSouth West Region Threatened Flora Recovery Team isoverseeing theimplementation ofthisIRPandwill includeinformationonprogressinanannualreporttoDCLM'sCorporateExecutiveandfundingbodies.
IRPObjective:TheobjectiveofthisInterimRecoveryPlanistoabateidentifiedthreatsandmaintainorenhanceinsitu
populationsto ensurethelong-termpreservationof thespeciesin thewild.
Recoverycriteria
Criteriaforsuccess:Thenumberofindividualswithinpopulationsand/orthenumberofpopulationshaveincreasedby
10%ormore.
Criteriaforfailure:Thenumberofindividualswithinpopulationsand/orthenumberofpopulationshavedecreasedby
10%ormore.
Recoveryactions
1. / Coordinaterecoveryactions / 10.Continuerabbitcontrol2. / Maintaindiseasehygiene / 11.Conductfurthersurveys
3. / Applyphosphateeverytwoyearsandmonitorimpact / 12.Collectseedandcuttingmaterial
4. / Mapcriticalhabitat / 13.Obtainbiologicalandecologicalinformation
5. / Implementthefiremanagementstrategy / 14.Stimulatethegerminationofsoil-storedseed
6. / Continuetranslocation / 15.Promoteawareness
7. / Liaisewithlandmanagers / 16.Reviewtheneedforafurtherrecoveryactionsand/ora
fullRecoveryPlan
8. Monitorpopulation17.Rehabilitatehabitat,ifnecessary
9. Continueweedcontrol
1.BACKGROUND
History
GregKeigheryandNeilGibsonmadethefirstcollectionofLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisinOctober
1992.AnumberofsurveysinWhicherRange,SwanCoastalPlainandotherareasof similarhabitatwerethen undertakentolocateadditionalpopulations.However,noneweresuccessful.
Ahotfireoccurredintheareaofthepopulationin1993butitisnotknownif Lambertiaechinata subsp. occidentaliswasaffectedandmayhaveinfactbeenmissedbythefire.Itisexpectedthatthetaxoniskilledby intensefire,asitdoesnothavealignotuber,however,thesevenadultplantsrecordedin1992wereallhealthy in1997.
In1998justfourextantadultplantsandseventeenjuvenileswererecordedforthewildpopulation.Afurther twoplantswithinthepopulationwererecordedasdead,presumablyasa consequenceoftheplantpathogen Phytophthoracinnamomi.
Thenaturalpopulationanditshabitathavebeensprayedwithphosphitetoaddressthepresenceofdiebackin thearea.However,it nowappearsthatspeciesofLambertiamaynotrespondin thesamewayto treatmentwith phosphiteasmanyothernativespecies,withtheuptakeofphosphiteintoplanttissueappearingtobemuch greater andprotection afforded muchlower. In2003,DCLM’s Science Division willbeinvestigating the responseofanumberofspeciesof Lambertia(including Lambertiaechinata subsp. occidentalis) tooffer insightintohowtobetterprotectLambertiaspeciesfromdieback.
Translocationshavebeenundertakenforthisspeciesin 1998,2000,2001and2002,withthemajorityof plants goingintotwoNatureReserves,recentlyacquiredfor thispurpose.OtherDRFironstonespeciesare alsobeing translocatedintotheseNatureReserves.
In 2002,an additional70plantswerefoundneartheoriginalpopulation,increasingthenumberof matureplants knownfive-fold.ThisareahasalsobeentreatedwithphosphitetocombatPhytophthoracinnamomi.
Description
Lambertiaechinataisasmallshrubwithfive-floweredterminalflowerheads.ThreesubspeciesofL.echinata arerecognised:L.echinatasubsp.echinata,L.echinatasubsp.citrinaandL.echinatasubsp.occidentalis.L. echinatasubsp.echinataisalsorankedCriticallyEndangered.
Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisisa shrubto3 m,branchedatthebaseandwitha fewlongerectfloral branches.It hasnolignotuber.Therearetwotypesofleaves.Vegetativeleavesareentireandlinear-lanceolate with a pungent apex. Floral leaves are smaller and may be entire or lobed with three to five points. Inflorescencesareyellowandcrowdedattheendsofthebranchlets.
Lambertiaechinatasubsp.echinata differsfromthesubspeciesoccidentalisinhavingpink-redflowersborne onshortbranchletswithinthebodyoftheplant.L.echinatasubsp.citrina differsinthatallvegetativeandfloral leaveshave3-5rigidpoints. L.propinquahasbeentreatedasasynonymof L.echinata subsp. citrinaby Hnatiuk(1995).Populationgeneticstudiessuggestthat,giventheextremegeneticdistancebetweenL. echinata subsp.echinataandtheothertwosubspecies,itmaywarrantspeciesstatus(ObbensandCoates1997).
Distributionandhabitat
Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisisknownfroma singlewinter-wetareaofshrublandovershallowsands overironstoneat thebaseof theWhicherRange.Theecologicalcommunity,the‘ShrublandsonsouthernSwan CoastalPlainIronstones’inwhichthetaxonoccursisalsorankedCriticallyEndangered.Therearea totalof13 occurrences ofthisspecies-rich plant community located onseasonal wetlands onironstone onthe Swan Coastal Plain near Busselton. L.echinata subsp. occidentalis has been translocated intothree ofthose occurrences,althoughoneofthesehasfailed(allplantsdead).
NativespeciescommontotheironstonecommunityareKunzea aff.micrantha,Pericalymmaellipticum,Hakea sp.Williamson,HemiandrapungensandViminariajuncea,andtheherbsApheliacyperoidesandCentrolepis aristata(Gibsonetal.1994).AssociatedspeciesincludeHakea varia,LoxocaryamagnaandChamelaucium roycei.SixadditionalspeciesofDeclaredRareFlora,threeofwhicharealsoCriticallyEndangered,andfive PrioritytaxaarefoundintheironstonecommunityinthevicinityofLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalis. Thesearelistedinthetablebelow.
DRFandPriorityflorafoundintheironstonecommunitynearLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalis
SPECIES / STATUS / RANKBrachysemapapilio / DRF / CR
Darwiniasp.Williamson / DRF / CR
Petrophilelatericolams / DRF / CR
Dryandraniveasubsp.uliginosa / DRF / EN
Dryandrasquarrosa subsp.argillacea / DRF / EN
Chamelauciumroyceims / DRF / VU
Andersoniaferricolams / Priority / 1
Schoenuspennisetis / Priority / 1
Hakeaoldfieldii / Priority / 3
Isopogonformosussubsp.dasylepis / Priority / 3
Loxocaryamagna / Priority / 3
TheIRPsforCriticallyEndangeredflorathatoccurin thesameareaas Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalis will becomplementaryto,andimplementedinconjunctionwiththisIRPandtheIRPforthe‘Shrublandson southernSwanCoastalPlainIronstones’(English1999).
InternationalObligations
ThisplanisfullyconsistentwiththeaimsandrecommendationsoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity, ratifiedbyAustraliainJune1993,andwillassistinimplementingAustralia’sresponsibilitiesunderthat Convention.However,asLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisisnotlistedunderanyinternational agreement,theimplementationofotherinternationalenvironmentalresponsibilitiesisnotaffectedbythisplan.
Roleandinterestsofindigenouspeople
Therearenoknownindigenouscommunitiesinterestedorinvolvedinthemanagementofareasaffectedbythis plan.Thereforenorolehasbeenidentifiedforindigenouscommunitiesintherecoveryofthisspecies.
Habitatcriticaltothesurvivalofthespecies,andimportantpopulations
GiventhatthisspeciesislistedasCriticallyEndangereditisconsideredthatallknownhabitatishabitatcritical. Inadditionallpopulations,includinganytranslocatedpopulations,areconsideredimportanttothesurvivalof thespecies.Recoveryactionsincludesurveyforfurtherpopulationsthatwouldleadtotheidentificationof additionalhabitatcritical.
Benefitsto otherspecies/ecologicalcommunities
Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisoccursonthethreatenedecologicalcommunity“ShrublandAssociation onSouthSwanCoastalPlainIronstones(BusseltonArea)”.Also,severalotherthreatenedplanttaxa (Brachysemapapilio,Petrophilelatericola,Chamelauciumroyceims,Dryandrasquarrosasubsp.argillacea andDryandraniveasubsp.uliginosa)willbenefitfromrecoveryactionsputinplaceforthesubspecies. Recoveryactionsforthissubspecieswillalsoimprovetheconditionoftheassociatedremnantbushland.
Socialandeconomicimpacts
Theimplementationofthisrecoveryplanhasthepotentialtohavesomeminimaleconomicimpactasthe subspeciesoccursinanareaadjacenttoaMiningtenement.
EvaluationofthePlan’sPerformance
TheDepartmentof ConservationandLandManagement(DCLM),in conjunctionwiththeSouthWestRegion ThreatenedFloraRecoveryTeamwillevaluatetheperformanceofthisrecoveryplan.In additionto annual reportingonprogressagainstthecriteriaforsuccessandfailure,theplanistobereviewedwithinfiveyearsof itsimplementation.Anychangestomanagement/recoveryactionsmadeinresponsetomonitoringresultswill bedocumentedaccordingly.
Criticalhabitat
Critical habitatishabitatidentified asbeingcritical tothesurvival ofalistedthreatened species orlisted threatened ecological community. Habitat is defined as the biophysical medium or media occupied (continuously, periodically or occasionally) by an organism or group of organisms or once occupied (continuously,periodicallyoroccasionally)byanorganism,orgroupoforganisms,andintowhichorganisms ofthatkindhavethepotentialtobereintroduced(EnvironmentProtectionandBiodiversityConservationAct
1999).
ThecriticalhabitatforLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentaliscomprises:
theareaofoccupancyoftheknownpopulation;
occurrencesofsimilarhabitatcurrentlycontainingtranslocatedplantsofthisspecies(thesemayintime becomeself-sustainingpopulations);
areasofsimilarhabitatwithin200metresofthewildandtranslocatedpopulations,i.e.winter-wetareasof shrublandovershallowsandsoverironstone(theseprovidepotentialhabitatfornaturalrangeextension); corridorsofremnantvegetationthatlinkwildandtranslocatedpopulations(thesearenecessarytoallow pollinatorstomovebetweenpopulationsandaremainlyroadreserves);
thelocalcatchmentarea(thespeciesoccursonwinter-wetareaswhicharedependentonthemaintenanceof localsurfaceandgroundwaterhydrology);and
additionaloccurrencesofsimilarhabitatthatdonotcurrentlycontainthesubspeciesbutmayhavedoneso inthepast(theserepresentpossibletranslocationsites).
Biologyandecology
Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisis thoughtto bekilledbyfireandrecruitfromseed.Approximately10 seedlingswerelocatedin1996,threeyearsafterthelastfireinthearea.Forcomparison,Lambertia formosa appearstoproduceitsmaximumnumberofflowerstwotothreeyearsafterasummerfire,andseedproduction isthoughttopeakduringthisperiod.TheseedofLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisisreleasedfromthe twoflatfolliclesassoonasitisripeandgerminationratesarehighestwhentheseedisfresh(Foxetal.1987).
Likemostothermembersof thegenus,Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisishighlysusceptibletotheplant pathogenPhytophthoracinnamomi(dieback),which ispresentintheimmediateareaoftheonlyknownwild population(Keighery1997).Asiteapproximately300mtothesouthofthepopulationneartheaccessroad testedpositiveforP.cinnamomi,andseriousinfectionsareknowntohaveoccurredupslopeof thepopulationin StateForest(ObbensandCoates 1997).
Despitethepopulationbeingtreatedwithphosphitein 2000and2001,andtissueanalysisindicatingphosphite concentrationswithintheplantstoberelativelyhigh,fourplantsdiedin2001all ofwhichtestedpositivefor P.cinnamomi.Thelevelsofphosphiteabsorptionwereupto10timeshigherthanotherProteaceousspeciesin thesameironstonecommunity.Thisraisesquestionsofpossiblephosphitetoxicity.Researchwillbeconducted byDCLMin2003examining patternsof P.cinnamomi susceptibility andtheuptakeofphosphite inother Lambertiaspecies(personalcommunicationC.Crane1).
1 ColinCrane,ResearchScientist,DCLM'sScienceDivision
Seedscollectedfromthepopulationhaveahighlevelofviability.
Thereiscurrentlylittleinformationavailableaboutpollinators,flowerandfruitpredation,germinationtriggers, thetaxon’sresponseto herbicideapplicationor higherwatertablesdueto landclearance.Thisinformationis essentialtotherecoveryofLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalis.
Threats
Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentaliswasdeclaredasRareFlorainOctober1996andrankedasCritically
EndangeredinNovember1998.ItcurrentlymeetsWorldConservationUnion(IUCN,2000)RedListCategory
‘CR’undercriteriaA2c;B1+2ce;C2a;C2bandD(IUCN1994)asitisknownfromasinglewildpopulation
comprising lessthan50matureindividuals, withacontinuingdeclineinthequalityofthehabitatandthe number of mature plants due to the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. The main threats are disease, inappropriatefireregimes,mineralsandexploration,waterlogging,weedsandrabbitgrazing.
DiebackdiseaseisaseriousthreattoLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisasthesubspeciesis highly susceptibletoPhytophthoracinnamomi(Keighery1997)whichisknowntohaveimpactedbushlandnear thepopulation.Phosphitetreatmentwasimplementedin2000and2001butdidnotappeartoaffordthe levelofprotectionthatit doesforothertaxa.Lateranalysisoffourdeadplantsfoundto beinfectedwithP. cinnamomihasshownthemtohavearelativelyhighconcentrationofphosphiteintheplanttissues.
Canker (probably Armillarialuteobubalina)mayhavecauseddeathsoftheDRFtaxon Dryandranivea subsp.uliginosawhichgrowsnearLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalis.The susceptibilityofLambertia echinatasubsp.occidentalistothisplantpathogenisunknown.
Inappropriatefireregimesarelikelytoaffecttheviabilityofthesinglepopulation.Lambertia echinata subsp.occidentalis seedprobablygerminatesafterfireand,ifthisisthecase,thesoilseedbankwould rapidlybedepletedif firesrecurbeforeregeneratingorjuvenileplantsreachmaturity.However,it is likely thatoccasionalfiresareneededforthetaxontorecruit.
Mineralsandextraction istooccurinprivatelyownedlandadjacenttotheareaofStateForestwhich contains Lambertiaechinata subsp. occidentalis. Liaison between theproponent, DCLM andrelevant governmentbodiesisongoing.Potentialimpactsincludemodificationof thehydrologyof theareaandthe proponenthasdesignedanartificialrechargesystemtobemonitoredby severalpiezometers.
WaterloggingisapotentialthreattotheironstonehabitatinwhichLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalis occurs(TilleandLantzke1990).Extensiveclearingforagricultureintheareaislikelytohaveincreased surface runoffandrecharge ofthegroundwater. Waterlogging isnotanimmediate threatbutrequires monitoring.Hirschberg(1989)measuredlevelsofsalinityinthegroundwaterinthearea,andfoundthe waternearthispopulationtorangebetween200-400perlitretotaldissolvedsolids,whichisreasonably fresh.
Weeds areaproblematalltranslocationsites.ThesepartiallyclearedareaswerepurchasedbyDCLMin
1999andaregradually beingrehabilitated. Weeds suppress earlyplantgrowth bycompeting forsoil moisture,nutrientsandlight.Theyalsoexacerbategrazingpressureandincreasethefirehazardduetothe easyignitionofhighfuelloadswhichareproducedannuallybymanygrassweedspecies.
Rabbits areathreattothesingleknownpopulation.Whileposinglittlethreattoadultplantstheymay preventrecruitmentbyselectivelygrazingseedlingsandyounggrowth.
Borerandotherinsectdamagehasbeenobservedonthebranchesofsomeplants,however,atthisstage thethreatthisrepresentstothelongtermsurvivalofthetaxonisunknown.
Summaryofpopulationinformationandthreats
Naturalpopulation
Pop.No.Location / Land Status / Year/No. plants / Condition / Threats1a. Whicher Range / State Forest / 1992 7
1996 7 (10)
1998 4 (17)
2000 3 (15)
2002 14 / Moderate / Dieback disease, inappropriate fire regimes,
nearby mining activities, hydrological changes, weeds, rabbits, insect damage
1b. Whicher Range / State Forest / 2000 1
2002 0 / Poor / Dieback disease, inappropriate fire regimes,
nearby mining activities, hydrological changes, weeds, rabbits, insect damage
1c. Whicher Range / State Forest / 2002 70 / Moderate / Diebackdisease, inappropriate fire regimes,
mining activities, hydrological changes, weeds, rabbits, insect damage
Translocatedpopulations
1T. Whicher Range / State Forest / 2000 (19)2001 0 / Poor / Dieback disease, inappropriate fire regimes,
weeds, rabbits
2T.Whicher Range / State Forest / 1998 (11)
1999 (4)
2000 (0) / Poor / Dieback disease, inappropriate fire regimes,
weeds, rabbits
3T. Whicher Range / Nature Reserve / 2000 (60)
2001 / Dieback disease, inappropriate fire regimes,
weeds, rabbits
4T. Whicher Range / Nature Reserve / 2000 (140)
2001 / Dieback disease, inappropriate fire regimes,
weeds, rabbits
Numbers in brackets = number of juveniles. T= translocated population.
Guidefordecision-makers
Section1providesdetailsofcurrentandpossiblefuturethreats. Anyon-groundworks(clearing,firebreaks, roadworksetc)intheimmediatevicinityofLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentaliswill requireassessment.On- groundworksshouldnotbeapprovedunlesstheproponentscandemonstratethattheywillnothaveanimpact onthespecies,itshabitatorpotentialhabitat,oronthelocalsurfacehydrologysuchthatdrainageinthehabitat ofthespecieswouldbealtered.
2.RECOVERYOBJECTIVEANDCRITERIA
Objectives
Theobjective ofthisInterim Recovery Plan istoabateidentified threatsandmaintain orenhance insitu
populationstoensurethelong-termpreservationofthespeciesinthewild.
Criteriaforsuccess: Thenumberofindividualswithinpopulationsand/orthenumberofpopulationshave increasedbymorethan10%.
Criteriaforfailure: Thenumberofindividualswithinpopulationsand/orthenumberofpopulationshave decreasedbymorethan10%.
3.RECOVERY ACTIONS
Existingrecoveryactions
TheDepartmentofMineralsandEnergywasformallynotifiedofthepresenceofLambertiaechinatasubsp. occidentalisin October1996andtheadjacentprivatepropertyownersin February1999.Theminingcompany with a tenement over the single known population was notified of the presence of two other critically endangeredspecies(PetrophilelatericolaandBrachysemapapilio)in October1994,andof theoccurrenceof Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisinJune1999.
Liaisonwiththesestakeholdersisongoingastheareaisstillundera Minerallease.ANoticeofIntenttomine Location4102adjacentto thewildpopulationwasissuedin 2000.Therewasconsiderablediscussionof the proposalandits possibleimpacton thevariousthreatenedspecies,andthethreatenedecologicalcommunityof whichtheyarepart,betweenDCLM,otherGovernmentagenciesandthe proponent.Environmentalassessment resulted intheproject being given approval under Statelaw,withconditions attached. These include the establishmentof an artificialrechargesystem,andintensivemonitoring,toguardagainstthepossibilityofthe threatenedecologicalcommunitydryingoutasa resultoftheadjacentminingpit.Theproposalhasalsobeen approved,withconditions,underFederallegislation.Continuingconcernsincludethesignificantchangesto localhydrologythatmayresultinthelongerterm,andthegeneralimpactofhavinglargenumbersofpeople andheavymachineryinthenearvicinity.Theproponenthasinstalledseveralpiezometerstomonitorlocal waterlevels.
Twoareasof privatepropertycontainingironstonesoilsubstratewererecentlypurchasedbyDCLM,withthe intentionofrehabilitating clearedsectionsandusingthelandastranslocation sitesforthreatenedironstone species.Bothareashavenowbeenvestedas ClassANatureReservesforthepurposeofconservation.Onearea, adjacenttotheonlywildpopulationofGrevilleamaccutcheonii,has beenfencedwithrabbit-proofnettingand containsthetranslocatedPopulation3TofLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalis.Thesecondareahasbeen wire-strandfencedandcontainsthetranslocatedPopulation4TofLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalis.
Sixcollectionsofseedhavebeenmadefromthenaturalpopulation,thefirstin1995,witha totalofabout1100 seedsnowplacedinstorageatDCLM'sThreatenedFloraSeedCentre(TFSC).Asmallnumberofthesehave beengerminatedaspartofanapprovedTranslocationProposal. StaffoftheTFSCtesttheviabilityofseed soonaftercollection andagain afteroneyearin storage.Theinitialgermination percentage of Lambertia echinatasubsp.occidentalisseedrangedbetween93%and100%,andafteroneyearinstoragebetween90% and93%(unpublisheddataA.Cochrane2).
TheBotanic Garden andParks Authority (BGPA) currently have88plantsof Lambertiaechinata subsp. occidentalis fromsixclones. Propagation ofthisspecies fromcuttings hasbeenvariable, withstrike rates rangingfrom0%to98%.Thereisevidencethatbothyoungandestablishedplantsarequitesusceptibleto fungalinfection(personalcommunicationA.Shade3).
In July1998,11Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisseedlingswereplantedintoStateForestnearBusselton, accordingto anapprovedTranslocationProposalas requiredunderDCLM’sPolicyStatementNumber29. All seedlings were alive in December 1998, but deaths were noted in 1999, probably due to Phytophthora cinnamomiorpoorrootestablishment.Allplantsweredeadby2000.
A second Translocation Proposal was approved in 2000, and 179 plants were translocated into the two previouslymentionedNatureReservesitesthatyear.Fiftyplantswereintroducedtoanareaofironstonenorth ofthewildpopulation(Population3T)and129toasecondareanortheastofthewildpopulation(Population
4T).Differenttreatmentsbeingtrialledincluderippingandmounding,mounding,wateringandshading.Control
siteswerealsoestablished.Problemswere(andcontinueto be)experiencedwiththedeathof translocatedplants due toPhytophthorainfectionandpossiblypoorrootestablishment.
Fivemonthsafterplanting,therewas82%survivalattranslocatedPopulation3T,butafter18monthsthis numberhaddeclinedto44%.Similarly,therewas80%survivalafter5monthsattranslocatedPopulation4T, butthisdeclinedto27%18monthsafterplanting.Phytophthoracinnamomiisimplicatedbutmanyplantsalso appear tobefailing todevelop efficient rootsystems andmaybedyingasaresultofthis.Anumber of hypotheseshavebeendevelopedaboutwhythisisso,andallarebeinginvestigated(Spencer2002).
Additionalplantingsweremadein2001with168rootedcuttingsplantedatPopulation3Tand11atPopulation
4T.Survivalofthe2001plantingswasmixed.Rabbits,weeds,strongwindsandinundation,followedbya longerthanaveragesummerdroughtallcontributedto plantdeathswithinitialsurvivalbeingpoor.Watering systemsweresetupatbothsites,weedandrabbitcontrolcontinuedandwindbreaksplanned.
2 AnneCochrane,Manager,DCLM'sThreatenedFloraSeedCentre
3 AmandaShade,Horticulturalist,BotanicGardenandParksAuthority
In2002furtherplantswereputintoPopulations3Tand4T.Researchwasconductedat thattimeto ascertainthe optimumageoftranslocatedplants.
Disease hygiene measures areimplemented during alloperations. This includes limiting vehicle access to
tracks,andcleaningalltoolsused.In 1999,bollardswereinstalledacrossthemainaccesstrackto prevent unauthorizedvehicleaccessintothepopulation.
PlantsamplesweretakenfromthewildpopulationbyDCLM’sScienceDivisioninMay1997andthepresence of P. cinnamomiwaspositivelyidentified.Astherehadbeenseveraldeathsofsusceptiblespeciesat thesite, includingLambertiaechinata subsp.occidentalis,itwassprayedwithphosphiteinAprilandDecember1998 andagainin2000and2001followingadetectedincreaseinP.cinnamomiactivity.However,theprogramwas notcompleteddueto adjacentlandmanagers’concernsaboutaerialspraying.Thesite,includingthenewly discovered Population 1c, was treated again in March and April 2002. There is evidence of dieback at Population1cwithdeathsofnearbyindicatorspeciesandoneLambertiaplantbutno formalanalysishasbeen made.
Phytophthoraspp.werealsoimplicatedin thedeathsof translocatedplantsat Population3T.P.cinnamomiwas recordedfromrootsandsoil,whileP.cryptogeawasalsoisolatedfromsoilinearly2002.
Aphosphitemonitoringprogramwasestablishedin1998,andisongoing.Thisinvolvesthemonitoringofplots bycheckingthehealthofa numberoftaggedplantsandrecordingchangesover time.Photographicrecordsare alsokeptforcomparison.
Tissueanalysisofphosphiteconcentrations inplantsfromthewildpopulationwasundertakenin2001,two monthsafterphosphitespraying.Thisanalysiswasextendedtoincludetranslocatedplantsin 2002.Analysis indicatedrelativelyhighlevelsof phosphitein thetissue,especiallycomparedto thatof otherironstonespecies. Despitethis,fourplantsdiedwithinfectionsfromPhytophthoraspp.Studiesindicatethatfor mostplantspecies disease infection generally decreases with increasing phosphite application, however, the interactions are complex and may not always provide a specific correlation between concentrations and disease control. Resistancetodiseaseappearstolastseveralyearsposttreatment.Resistancemay,however,differbetween species(Barrett,ShearerHardy,dateunknown).Furtherresearchintothe Phytophthorasusceptibilityand responsetophosphitetreatmentof Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalis isurgentlyrequired,andwillbe undertakenbyDCLM’sScienceDivisionin2003.
Acoordinated fireresponse planforthetaxonhasbeendeveloped andincorporated intotheFireControl WorkingPlan.Thisincludesstrategiesforfirecontrolateachlocationofthetaxon,includingtranslocation sites.Theinformationwillalsobecommunicatedtootherfireresponseorganisations.
In2001,volunteersandDepartmentstaffcontrolledinvasiveweedsimmediatelyaroundtranslocatedPopulation
3Tbyhand.TocontrolGuilfordGrass(Romuleasp.)in openareasawayfromtranslocatedplantsherbicidewas applied viaablanket wiper mounted onafour-wheel motorbike. Theremaining weedspeciesaremostly annuals and these will becontrolled byapplication ofherbicide and slashing asrequired. The aim isto eventuallysmothertheweedspecieswithre-introducednativevegetation.
ThefencesurroundingtranslocatedPopulation3Twasobservedto havedeterioratedin somesectionsandrabbit activitynoted.Repairshavenowbeenundertakenand1080poisonedoats,gassingandshootingusedtoreduce therabbitpopulation.However,rabbitscontinueto threatennewlytranslocatedplantsandrabbitcontrolwill continue.
ImplementationofrecoveryactionsasoutlinedintheIRPentitled‘ShrublandsonsouthernSwanCoastalPlain
Ironstones’(English1999)hascommenced.
A double-sided A4 poster has been produced and includes a description of Lambertiaechinata subsp. occidentalis, itshabitat,threats,recoveryactionsandphotos.Itwillbedistributedtocommunitymembers throughlocallibraries,wildflowershowsandhandouts.It is hopedthatit mayresultinthediscoveryofnew populations.A secondinformationsheetthatdescribesandillustratestheThreatenedEcologicalCommunityin whichthistaxonoccurs,includingitsvaluesandthreats,hasalsobeenproduced.
StafffromDCLM'sBlackwoodDistricthavedevelopeda mapdelimitingtheareasnotavailableforcommercial wildflower picking tohelp ensure that pickers donotentertheareainwhich Lambertiaechinata subsp. occidentalisoccurs.
StafffromDCLM'sBlackwoodDistrictregularlymonitorthewildandtranslocatedpopulationsof thistaxon. Monitoringincludesrecordingchangestovegetationconditioncausedbyweeds, Phytophtoracinnamomiand otherplantdiseases,grazingactivity,fire,fencingandothertypesofdisturbance.
TheSouthWestRegionThreatenedFloraRecoveryTeam(SWRTFRT)isoverseeingtheimplementation of thisIRPandwillincludeinformation onprogressinitsannualreporttoDCLM'sCorporateExecutiveand fundingbodies.
Futurerecoveryactions
WherepopulationsoccuronlandsotherthanthosemanagedbyDCLM,permissionhasbeenor willbe sought fromappropriatelandmanagerspriortorecoveryactionsbeingundertaken.
1.Recoverycoordination
The SouthWestRegionThreatenedFloraRecoveryTeam(SWRTFRT)will coordinaterecoveryactionsfor Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisandotherDeclaredRarefloraintheregion.Itwillincludeinformation onprogressinitsannualreporttoDCLM’sCorporateExecutiveandfundingbodies.
Action:Coordinaterecoveryactions
Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$6,200peryear(note:thiscoversallThreatenedFloraspeciesintheRegion)
2.Diseasehygiene
TheironstonehabitatinwhichLambertiaechinatasubsp. occidentalisoccursbecomeshighlysaturatedoverthe wintermonths.Thisfavourstheestablishmentandspreadof Phytophthoraspecies,withmanyspeciesincluding Lambertiaechinatasubsp. occidentalisbeingsusceptible.Diebackhygiene(outlinedinDCLM1992a)willbe adhered towherever possible, particularly during theinstallation andmaintenance offirebreaks andwhen walkingintothepopulationduringwetsoilconditions. Signsadvisingofthediebackriskwillbemadeandinstalled.
Action:Maintaindiseasehygiene
Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$2,000inthefirstyearforsigns(note:thiscoversallThreatenedFloraspeciesinthe ironstonehabitat)
3.Phosphateapplication
Phytophthoracinnamomi(dieback)isaseriousthreattoLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentaliswhichis highly susceptibletothepathogen.Researchconductedbetween1992and1997hasshownthatphosphiteapplication isveryeffectiveincontrollingtheimpactofdiebackdiseasefora widerangeofspecies(Murray1997)and,on that basis, aerial spraying of phosphite has been implemented. This action also protects the associated ThreatenedEcologicalCommunitywhichincludesseveralotherthreatenedflora.However,giventhat recent monitoringsuggeststhatphosphitemaynotbeasbeneficialtoLambertiaspeciesas to thosein othergenera, researchwillbeundertakenbyDCLMtoassess theresponseofarangeofspeciesinthegenus(personal communicationC.Crane).
Theimpactof bothdiebackandphosphiteapplicationonthistaxonanditshabitatwillbemonitoredat least annually.
Action:Applyphosphateeverytwoyearsandmonitorimpact
Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict,DiebackDiseaseCoordinator)throughSWRTFRT
Cost:$3,800inthefirst,thirdandfifthyears,plus$500peryearformonitoring
4.Mapcriticalhabitat
ItisarequirementoftheEPBCActthatspatialdatarelatingtocriticalhabitatbedetermined.Althoughcritical habitatisdescribedinSection1,theareasasdescribedhavenotyetbeenmappedandthatwillbedoneunder thisaction.Ifanyadditionalpopulationsarelocated,thencriticalhabitatwillalsobedeterminedandmapped fortheselocations.
Action:Mapcriticalhabitat
Responsibility:TheDepartment(BlackwoodDistrict,WATSCU)throughtheSWRTFRT
Priority:Moderate
Cost:$2000inthefirstyear
5.Firemanagementstrategy
Itisthoughtthatfirekillsadultplantsofthespeciesandregenerationislargelyfromsoil-storedseed. Overly frequentfirethatoccursbeforeseedlingsreachmaturitymaypreventtheaccumulationof sufficientseedfor recruitmentandshouldbe preventedfromoccurringifpossible.Afireresponseplanhasbeendevelopedforthis siteandisincorporatedintotheBlackwoodDistrict’sFireControlWorkingPlan.Otherfirefightingagencies willbeinformedofappropriateresponsestofirethreateningthissite.Firebreakswillcontinuetobemaintained.
Action:Implementthefiremanagementstrategy Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT Cost: $1000peryear
6.Translocation
Due toarange ofthreats tothesingle small wild populationof Lambertiaechinata subsp. occidentalis translocation is thought to be essential for the long-term conservation ofthe taxon. Information onthe translocation ofthreatenedplantsandanimalsinthewildisprovidedinDCLM'sPolicyStatementNo.29
Translocationof ThreatenedFloraandFauna.
A Translocation Proposal has been developed and has been endorsed by DCLM’s Director of Nature
Conservation.Itiscurrentlybeingimplemented,withplantspropagatedandplantedintothreesites in1998,
2000,2001and2002.Additionalplantingswilltakeplaceinaccordancewiththeproposal.Monitoringofthe translocationisessentialandwillcontinueaccordingtothetimetabledevelopedforproposal.
Action:Continuetranslocations
Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict,TFSC)andBGPAthroughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$9,500peryear
7.Liaison
StafffromDCLM'sBlackwoodDistrictwillcontinuetoliaisewiththeholderoftheminingtenementand adjacent land managers toensure thatpopulations arenotaccidentally damaged ordestroyed duringtheir operations.
Action:Liaisewithlandmanagers
Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$500peryear
8.Monitoring
Annualmonitoringofhabitatdegradation(weedinvasion,salinityandplantdiseases),groundwaterqualityand levels,populationstability(expansionordecline),pollinationactivity,seedproduction,recruitment,longevity
andpredationisessential.Periodicassessmentofthelevelofinsectdamagewillbemadeand,iffoundtobe significant,remedialactiontaken.
Action:Monitorpopulation
Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$500peryear
9.Weedcontrol
Followingpreviousweedcontrolthecurrentlevelofthreatfromweedsismoderate.However,if weednumbers increasetheyarelikelytoimpactonL.echinata subsp.occidentalisbycompetingforresources,degrading habitat,exacerbatinggrazingpressureandincreasingtheriskandseverityof fire.Remainingweedsaremostly annualsandweedcontrolwillbe undertaken asneeded.Thiswillbebyhandweedingorlocalisedapplicationof herbicide.Allweedcontrolwillbefollowedbyareportonthemethod,timingandsuccessofthetreatmentand anysideeffectsonL. echinatasubsp.occidentalisandassociatednativeplantspecies.
Action:Continueweedcontrol
Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$500peryear
10.Rabbitcontrol
Followingsomepreviouscontrolthecurrentlevelofthreatfromrabbitsismoderateandismainlycentredon thetranslocatedpopulations.Population3Thashadarabbitproof-fencederectedtoprotectthetranslocated plants.However,rabbitscontinueto havesomeimpactthroughgrazinganddigging.Somecontinuingcontrolis thereforenecessaryandwillbedoneinconsultationwithrelevantlandholders.
Action:Continuerabbitcontrol
Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$200peryear
11.Surveys
Although the ironstone community in which Lambertia echinata subsp. occidentalis occurs has been extensivelysurveyedoverthelastdecadeitispossiblethatadditionalpopulationsofthisorotherironstone speciesmaybediscoveredonprivateland.Oncepermissionhasbeenobtained,surveysduringthe flowering periodofthespecies(OctobertoDecember)willtargetremnantvegetationonprivatelands.
Action:Conductfurthersurveys
Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$2000peryear
12.Germplasm
Preservationofgermplasmisessentialtoguardagainstextinctionifwildpopulationsarelost.Suchcollections arealsoneededtopropagateplantsfortranslocations.A smallquantityofseedandcuttingmaterialhasbeen collected fromPopulation 1 but further collections are required. In addition, seed collections from the translocatedpopulationswillbemadewhenpossible.
Action:Collectseedandcuttingmaterial
Responsibility:DCLM(TFSC,BlackwoodDistrict)andBGPAthroughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$2,800inthesecondandfourthyears
13.Biologyandecology
ImprovedknowledgeofthebiologyandecologyofLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentaliswillprovidea better scientificbasisforitsmanagementinthewild.Anunderstandingofthefollowingisparticularlynecessaryfor theeffectivemanagementofthespecies:
1.Soilseedbankdynamicsandtheroleofvariousdisturbances(includingfire),competition,rainfalland grazingingerminationandrecruitment.
2.Thepollinationbiologyofthetaxon.
3.Therequirementsofpollinators.
4.Thereproductivestrategies,phenologyandseasonalgrowthofthespecies.
5.Thepopulationgeneticstructure,levelsofgeneticdiversityandminimumviablepopulationsize.
6.Theimpactofdiebackdiseaseandcontroltechniqueson Lambertiaechinata subsp. occidentalisandits
habitat.
7.TheimpactofchangesinthelevelofsalinityonLambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalisanditshabitat.
Action:Obtainbiologicalandecologicalinformation
Responsibility:DCLM(ScienceDivision,BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$17,200peryearinthesecond,thirdandfourthyears
14.Insitugermination
Burning,smoke-waterandsoildisturbancemaybeeffectiveinstimulatingthegerminationofsoil-storedseed. Thesetrialswillbeconductedasappropriateatthebaseofdeadmatureplants.
Action:Stimulatethegerminationofsoil-storedseed Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT Cost: $1000insecondandfourthyears
15.Awareness
Theimportanceofbiodiversityconservationandtheneedforthelong-termprotectionofwildpopulationsof thistaxonwillbepromotedto thecommunitythroughposterdisplaysandthelocalprintandelectronicmedia. Formallinkswithlocalnaturalistgroupsandinterestedindividualswillalsobeencouraged.
Action:Promoteawareness
Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$600peryear
16.FullRecoveryPlan
Attheendofthefourthyearofitsfive-yeartermthis InterimRecoveryPlanwillbereviewedandtheneedfor furtherrecoveryactionswillbeassessed.IfthespeciesisstillrankedasCriticallyEndangeredatthattimea full RecoveryPlanmayberequired.
Action:Reviewtheneedforfurtherrecoveryactionsand/orafullRecoveryPlan
Responsibility:DCLM(WATSCU,BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$20,300inthefifthyear(iffullRecoveryPlanrequired)
17.Habitatrehabilitation
Ifidentifiedasaneedfollowingweedcontrol,DCLMwillundertakehabitatrestorationatthesiteofLambertia echinatasubsp.occidentalis,includingtheadditionoflocalprovenancespecies.
Action:Rehabilitatehabitat,ifnecessary
Responsibility:DCLM(BlackwoodDistrict)throughtheSWRTFRT
Cost:$2,900inthirdandfourthyearsand$1,000insubsequentyears
4.TERMOFPLAN
ThisInterimRecoveryPlanwilloperatefromMay2003toApril2008butwillremaininforceuntilwithdrawn orreplaced.If thetaxonis stillrankedCriticallyEndangeredafterfiveyears,theneedto reviewthisIRPor to replaceitwithafullRecoveryPlanwillbedetermined.
5.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ThefollowingpeoplehaveprovidedassistanceandadviceinthepreparationofthisInterimRecoveryPlan: AnneCochrane Manager,DCLM'sThreatenedFloraSeedCentre
ColinCraneSeniorTechnicalOfficer,DCLM’sScienceDivision
LeonieMonksResearchScientist,DCLM’sScienceDivisionAmandaShadeHorticulturalist,BotanicGardenandParksAuthority BryanShearer PrincipalResearchScientist,DCLM’sScienceDivision MeredithSpencer ConservationOfficer,DCLM'sBlackwoodDistrict
ThanksalsotothestaffoftheW.A.HerbariumforprovidingaccesstoHerbariumdatabasesandspecimen information,andDCLM'sWildlifeBranchforassistance.
6.REFERENCES
Brown, A., Thomson-Dans, C. and Marchant, N. (Eds). (1998) Western Australia’s Threatened Flora.
DepartmentofConservationandLandManagement,WesternAustralia.
English, V. (1999). Shrubland Association on Southern Swan Coastal Plain Ironstone (Busselton Area)
(Southern Ironstone Association), DraftInterimRecovery Plan.Department ofConservation andLand
Management,WesternAustralia.
Fox,J.,Dixon,B.andMonk,D.(1987).GerminationinOtherPlantFamilies*.Pp83-97inGerminationof
AustralianNativePlantSeed.P.L.Langkamp(ed).InkataPress,Melbourne.
Gibson,N.,Keighery,B.,Keighery,G.,Burbidge,A.andLyons,M.(1994).AfloristicsurveyoftheSouthern Swan Coastal Plain. Unpublished report for the Australian Heritage Commission prepared by the DepartmentofConservationandLandManagementandtheConservationCouncilofWesternAustralia (Inc.).
Hirschberg, K.J.B. (1989). Busselton shallow-drilling groundwater investigations, PerthBasin. Professional
Paper,GeologicalSurveyof WesternAustralia. Report25,pp17-37. Hnatiuk,R.J.(1995).Lambertia.FloraofAustralia16:425-436.
Keighery,G.J.(1997).AnewsubspeciesofLambertiaechinata(Proteaceae).Nuytsia11(2):283-284.
Murray,D.(Ed.)(1997).Controlof PhytophthoraandDiplodinaCankerinWesternAustralia.FinalReportto the ThreatenedSpeciesandCommunitiesUnit,BiodiversityGroupEnvironmentAustraliapreparedby DepartmentofConservationandLandManagement,WesternAustralia.
Obbens,F.J.andCoates,D.J.(1997).Conservationbiologyandmanagementof endangeredLambertiaspecies.
Project443.FinalreportbyDepartmentofConservationandLandManagementsubmittedtoEnvironment
Australia.
DCLM(1992a)Diebackdiseasehygienemanual.DepartmentofConservationandLandManagement,Western
Australia.
DCLM(1992b)PolicyStatementNo.44 WildlifeManagementPrograms.DepartmentofConservationand
LandManagement,WesternAustralia.
DCLM (1994) Policy Statement No. 50 Setting Priorities for the Conservation of Western Australia’s
ThreatenedFloraandFauna.DepartmentofConservationandLandManagement,WesternAustralia.DCLM (1995) Policy Statement No. 29 Translocation of Threatened Flora and Fauna. Department of
ConservationandLandManagement,WesternAustralia.
DCLM (1998) Western Australian Herbarium FloraBase – Information on the Western Australian Flora.
DepartmentofConservationandLandManagement,WesternAustralia.
Tille, P. J. and Lantzke, N. C. (1990). Busselton – Margaret River – Augusta land capability study; methodologyandresults.Volume2 Appendices.TechnicalReport109.DivisionofResourceManagement. WesternAustralianDepartmentofAgriculture,Perth.
World Conservation Union (2000) IUCN red list categories prepared by the IUCN Species Survival
Commission,as approvedby the51stmeetingof theIUCNCouncil.Gland,Switzerland.
7.TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION
Keighery,G.J.(1997).AnewsubspeciesofLambertiaechinata(Proteaceae).Nuytsia11(2):283-284.
Lambertiaechinatasubsp.occidentalis
Shrub,to3 mtall,notlignotuberous,muchbranchedatthebasewithmanyshortvegetativebranchesanda few longerectfloralbranches. Vegetativeleaves entire,17-45mmlong,linear-lanceolate,apexpungent. Floral leavesonerectbranches,afewimmediatelybelowtheinflorescencewithupto5points,theremaindereither trifid (50-80%) or entire (20-50%), 12-30 mm long. Flowersyellow. Inflorescences crowded at ends of branchlets,7-flowered.Floralbractsscarious,entire,brown,acute,narrowlyobovate,15-19mmlong.Perianth
23-26mmlong;lobesrecurved,3-5mmlong.Styleyellow,33-36mmlong.
Lambertiaechinatasubsp.echinataisacompactshrubto1mtallthathasinflorescencesofpink-redflowerson shortbranchletsinthemainbodyoftheplant.Bothsubspeciescitrinaandoccidentalishave inflorescencesof yellowflowersonshortbranchletsborneonlongerectfloweringbranchesto3metrestallabovethemainbody oftheplant.InLambertiaechinatasubsp.citrinaallvegetativeandfloralleaveshave3-5rigidpoints,whereas L.echinatasubsp.occidentalishasentirevegetativeleavesandmostfloralleaves3-pointedor entire.Thefloral bractsofsubsp. occidentalis arelonger,measuring15-19mmcomparedto12-16mminsubspecies citrina. Thereisalsoadifferenceinlengthbetweenthefloralleavesofallsubspecies,30-40mminsubsp.echinata,15-
35mminsubsp.citrinaand12-30mminsubsp.occidentalis.
ADDENDUM
WesternPricklyHoneysuckle(Lambertia echinatasubsp.occidentalis)InterimRecoveryPlan
2003-2008
InadoptingthisplanundertheEnvironment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
(EPBCAct),theMinisterfortheEnvironmentandHeritagehasapprovedthefollowingmodifications.