Latin 3H – Yippee! Nōmen

Dr. McGay OLC, Ch. 35 Worksheet: Indirect Commands, etc.Page | 1

What’s in
Ch. 35? / I. Indirect Commands (subjunctive phrase #3)… with ut/nē… They ordered meto speak.
II. The Sequence of Tenses
a. Primary Sequence = If main verb is present, future or “true” perfect use presentlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll orperfect subjunctive in the dependent clause.
b. Secondary (Historical) Sequence = If main verb is past tense (imperfect, perfect-llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllsimple past, or pluperfect)use imperfect or pluperfectllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllsubjunctive in the dependent clause.
III. Forms of the PluperfectSubjunctiveActive(Formulate:3rd Principal Partstem + -isse- + endings)
IV.Cum clauses in Secondary (Historical) Sequence (subjunctive phrase #4)
V. Review of Passive Forms of the Subjunctive
VI. Review of the Imperfect Subjuctive of (1) sum, esse and (2) ferō, ferre
VII. Forms of the PluperfectSubjunctive Passive(Formulate: 4th Principal Part + imperf. subj. of esse)
VIII. Compounds of the verb currō, currere, cucurrī, cursus/a/um = to run
I. Indirect Commands …(subjunctive phrase #3): “My friends persuaded me to buy sodas for them.”
… Whenever someone orders / commands / wants / asks / persuades/ begs/ urges ( main clause verbs) someone (else) to perform an action (subjunctive), that action is put into the subjunctve mood
Latin Formula: ut / nē + present subjunctive (primary sequence) / imperfect llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllsubjunctive (secondary sequence)
English translation formula : (1) use the English infinitive (Yo, that is mad easy!!!)

1. The Latin formula for indirect commands is identical to the Latin formula for: learned in Ch. 34.

2. What are direct commands? Or how did the Romans form direct commands?

(positive)

(negative)

3. For the following sentences (1) circle the direct commands or imperatives, and (2) put a box around indirect commands, and (3) put a little “PC”next to purpose clause, and (4) put a small “H/J” next to hortatory or jussive subjunctive.

a. Go to the store!

b. Let’s go to the store!

c. Mom asked us to go to the store.

d. Mom gave us some money so that we might buy fruit at the store.

e. Scintilla wrote a letter to Quintus and begged him not to be led into war by Brutus.

f. Let’s write a letter to Quintus to beg him not to be led into war by Brutus.

g. Don’t fight with Brutus!

4. Translate these sentences with indirect command subjunctives (pay attention to the personal endings on the subjunctive verbs):

a. Quintus mīlitī persuādet ut sē ad castra Brutīducat. =

b. Quintus mīlitibus persuāsit ut sē ad castra Brutī ducerent. =

c. mīles Quintum rogat nē festinet, quod est fessus.

d. mīles Quintum rogāvit nē festināret, quod erat fessus.

e. centuriō nōbīs imperat ut ē castrīsdiscēdāmus.

f. centuriō nōbīs imperāvit ut ē castrīs discēderēmus

II. The Sequence of Tenses

Primary Sequence = If main verb is present, future or “true”[1] perfect  use presentlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll or perfect subjunctive in the dependent clause. lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll(See formulas for each subjunctive phrase.)
Secondary (Historical) Sequence = If main verb is a past tense (imperfect, perfect-llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllsimple past, or pluperfect)  use imperfect or pluperfectllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllsubjunctive in the dependent clause.
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll(See formulas for each subjunctive phrase.)

…”Sequence of Tenses” is the term used to explain the logic of the formulas for the subjunctive tenses in their various clauses. The sequence of the tenses is set up initially by the tense of the main or introductory verb, which then determines the tense of the subjunctive verb in the dependent clause. It’s easiest to explain sequence of tenses by 1stconsidering a sentence in the past:

Geraldine sent a letter in order to invite her friend to dinner.

1. How do we know we are in past time?

2. So, logically then, the tense of the subjunctive in the purpose clause “to invite” must be present subjunctive or imperfect subjunctive?

3. Since this sentence is in the past, we say we are in “secondary sequence” or “historical sequence.” Put that sentence into the primary sequence in English using a future main verb:

Geraldinea letter

4. In your rewrite, the tense of the subjunctive in the purpose clause “to invite” must be present subjunctive or imperfect subjunctive?

To sum it all up, if we are in past time, then we are in 2ndary or Historical Sequence. If the main verb is not in the past (e.g., it’s present, future, or a true perfect), then we are in primary sequence.

III. The Forms of the PLUPERFECT ACTIVE Subjunctive:

3rd Principal Part stem + -isse- + active endings only ( -m, s, t, mus, tis, nt)

Do NOT put passive personal endings on this subjunctive tense!

All verbs, regular & irregular, form their pluperfect subjunctive this way.

The translation of the plupf. subjunctive is usually the same as the pluperf. indicative (“we had seen”), but may change depending on the clause.

1. Conjugate in the Latinpluperfect subjunctiveActive: (a) agō, agere, ēgī, actum;

(b) sciō, scīre, scīvī, scītum

Person/Number / (a) agō, agere, ēgī, actum / (b) sciō, scīre, scīvī, scītum
1st Person Singular
2nd Person Singular
3rd Person Singular / ēgisset
1stPerson Plural / scīvissēmus
2nd Person Plural
3rd Person Plural

2. Conjugate in Latin pluperfect subjunctiveActivethe irregular verbs: (c) sum, esse, fuī, futūrus = to be; (d) ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum = to bring, carry, endure

Person/Number / (c) sum, esse, fuī, futūrus / (d) ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum
1st Person Singular / fuissem
2nd Person Singular
3rd Person Singular
1st Person Plural
2nd Person Plural / tulissētis
3rd Person Plural
IV. Cum clauses in Secondary (Historical) Sequence (subjunctive phrase #4)
…The conjunction cum(“when”) in past time usually takes the subjunctive (imperfect or pluperfect)…for exceptions to this rule, see ch. 47.
Examples: (1) Quintus, cum ad nāvem rediisset, continuō dormīvīt = Quintus, when he had returned to the ship, immediately fell asleep.
(2) cum in forō manērēmus, multōs senātōrēs vīdimus. = When we were waiting in the forum, we saw many sentators.

V. Review of Passive Forms of the Subjunctive: Look over the charts on pages 133 and 134 for the passive of the present and imperfect sujunctives.

VI. Review of the Imperfect Subjuctive of (1) sum, esse and (2) ferō, ferre

1. Conjugate in Latin IMPERFECT subjunctive the irregular verbs: (e) sum, esse, fuī, futūrus = to be; and in the active: (f)ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum = to bring, carry, endure

Person/Number / (5) sum, esse, fuī, futūrus / (6) ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum
1st Person Singular / ferrem
2nd Person Singular
3rd Person Singular / esset
1st Person Plural
2nd Person Plural
3rd Person Plural

VII. The Forms of the PluperfectPassive Subjunctive:

(1) 4th Principal Part + (2) helping verb: the imperfect subjunctive of esse

Put only active personal endings on the helping verb the passive part of this tense is the 4th principal part!

Since the 4th principal part is an adjective (The Perfect Passive Participle), its nominative endings will change depending on the gender and number of the subject. So, -us, -a, or -um in the singular, or -ī, -ae, or -ain the plural.

All verbs, regular & irregular, form their pluperfect subjunctive this way.

The translation of the plupf. passive subjunctive is usually the same as the pluperf. passive indicative (“we had been seen”), but may change depending on the clause.

Use the next few pages to practice conjugating this tense.

VIII. Compounds of the verb currō, currere, cucurrī, cursus/a/um = to run
1. Give the meanings for these compounds of currere:
accurrō = ; circumcurrō =
concurrō = run into, clash (battle); agree; dēcurrō = ; discurrō = l
incurrō = ; intercurrō = ; ocurrō = meet, run into (+ dative) l
percurrō =; praecurrō = ; recurrō = l
succurrō = run to the help of; trānscurrō =; prōcurrō = l

VII. The Forms of the PluperfectPassive Subjunctive:

1. Conjugate in the PLUPERFECT subjunctive PASSIVE: (g) moveō, movēre; mōvī, mōtus/a/um; and (h) plicō, plicāre, plicāvī, plicātus/a/um

Person/Number / (g) moveō, movēre; mōvī, mōtus/a/um / (h) plicō, plicāre, plicāvī, plicātus/a/um
1st Person Singular
2nd Person Singular / plicātus/a/um essēs
3rd Person Singular
1st Person
Plural
2ndPerson Plural
3rd Person
Plural / mōtī/ae/a essent

2. Conjugate in the PLUPERFECT subjunctive, both ACTIVE and PASSIVE:

(i) vincō, vincere; vīcī, victus/a/um “to conquer” in all possible forms.

Person/Number / Pluperfect Active Subjunctive / Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive
1st Person Singular / victus/a/um essem
2nd Person Singular
3rd Person Singular
1st Person
Plural
2nd Person Plural / vīcissētis
3rd Person
Plural

3. Conjugate in the PLUPERFECT subjunctive, both ACTIVE and PASSIVE:

(j) pōnō, pōnere; posuī, positus/a/um “to place, set” in all possible forms.

Person/Number / Pluperfect Active Subjunctive / Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive
1st Person Singular
2nd Person Singular
3rd Person Singular / posuisset
1st Person
Plural / positī/ae/a essēmus
2nd Person Plural
3rd Person
Plural

4. Conjugate in the PLUPERFECT subjunctive, both ACTIVE and PASSIVE:

(k) capiō, capere; cēpī, captus/a/um “to seize” in all possible forms.

Person/Number / Pluperfect Active Subjunctive / Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive
1st Person Singular / cēpissem
2nd Person Singular
3rd Person Singular
1st Person
Plural
2nd Person Plural
3rd Person
Plural / captī/ae/a essent

5. Conjugate in the PLUPERFECT subjunctive, both ACTIVE and PASSIVE:

(l) laudō, laudāre; laudāvī, laudātus/a/um “to praise” in all possible forms.

Person/Number / Pluperfect Active Subjunctive / Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive
1st Person Singular
2nd Person Singular
3rd Person Singular / laudāvisset / laudātus/a/um esset
1st Person
Plural
2nd Person Plural
3rd Person
Plural

6. Conjugate in the PLUPERFECT subjunctive, both ACTIVE and PASSIVE:

(m) ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus/a/um “to bring, carry, endure ace, set” in all possible forms.

Person/Number / Pluperfect Active Subjunctive / Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive
1st Person Singular
2nd Person Singular
3rd Person Singular
1st Person
Plural / tulissēmus / lātī/ae/a essēmus
2nd Person Plural
3rd Person
Plural

[1] There are 3 ways to translate the perfect tense: (1) we saw, (2) we did see, and (3) we have seen. The last one, “we have seen,” is the true perfect (using has/have) and initiates primary sequence. The others, (1) we saw, (2) “we did see,” are the simple past or aorist and intiate secondary or historical sequence.