EOC U.S History Westward Expansion Part 2Name______

  • Cultural Clashes Caused by Expansion
  • Great Plains
  • extending through the west-central portion of the United States.
  • Lots of prairies
  • Area where expansion begins.
  • Two main groups affected by expansion
  • who lived in the plains
  • – (Mainly European Decent), who sought to expand into the plains
  • Horse and Buffalo
  • Buffalo
  • Provided basic needs (food, shelter, clothing)
  • Center of lives
  • Horse
  • Introduced by ,
  • Allowed hunting, speed, and mobility
  • Life of Plain Indians
  • 1. Role of Men
  • Hunters, Warriors
  • 2. Role of Women
  • Butcher game, Prepare hides, Cook
  • 3. Education for children
  • through stories, myths, games
  • 4. Leaders ruled by council not force…no one person dominated
  • NATIVE AMERICAN THOUGHTS ON LAND
  • “LAND IS A SACRED GIFT THAT COULD NOT BE OWNED BY ANYONE.”
  • It belongs to .
  • Settlers push into Native Indians’ Land
  • REASONS
  • LURE OF AND SILVER (places like CO and CA)

–led to Creation of towns all over the west on Native American land

  • Desire to own land

–took it from Americans

  • Spread Religious Beliefs (missions)

–tried to take away Native American culture

  • US government began to Native Americans to protect settlers
  • 1834 – designated as one big reservation
  • By 1850s – tribes restricted to particular areas
  • Development of the also influenced govt. decisions
  • Native American Response: Anger and Ignore Restrictions
  • Result: clashes with settlers and miners
  • Native American Conflicts
  • 1864: US Army attack killed natives (mostly women and children)
  • Bozeman Trail
  • The trail ran through Native Am. ground in the Big Horn Mountains
  • Native American (Sioux in particular) attack settlers along the trail in defense of their Hunting Grounds.
  • Led to the .
  • Closed Bozeman Trail
  • In exchange Sioux agreed to live on a reservation
  • Sitting Bull (leader of the Sioux) refused to signed it
  • Custer’s Last Stand/Little Big Horn
  • Miners in Black Hills
  • Sioux leaders protested the mining
  • Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse (both Sioux leaders) Custer and his troops at Little Big Horn River
  • One of the few victories for Native Americans
  • Battle at Wounded Knee
  • Dec 1890 – Custer’s old regiment rounded up Sioux and took them to Wounded Knee, SD
  • A unknown shot led to a cannon being shot and the deaths of unarmed Native Americans ensued
  • This event officially marks the end of the “ ”
  • Destruction of the Buffalo
  • Tourist and fur traders shot buffalo for sport and profit
  • Destroyed one of the main way NA’s sustained life
  • 1800: 65 million buffalo
  • 1890: less than 1000
  • Assimilation
  • plan under which Native Americans give up their beliefs and way of life and become part of

culture

  • Dawes Act (Americanize)
  • Attempted to Native Americans
  • of reservation life and introduction of American life
  • Gave land to individual Native Americans by household; rest sold off to settlers
  • 1932 – 2/3rds of land committed to Native Americans had been sold
  • given to Native Americans for land sold