CP World History (Unit 13, #2) Name ______
Date ______Pd ______
The Cold War in Asia: China and Korea
I. The Cold War Expanded into Asia in the 1940s and 1950s
A. The Cold War was a conflict of rival ideologies between the ______that lasted from 1945 to 1991
1. Early in the Cold War from 1945 to 1949, the focus of the conflict was on ______
2. The United States used the ______, ______, & ______to successfully contain communism in Europe
3. Beginning in 1949, however, ______seemed to ______as communism spread to China, Korea, & Vietnam in Asia
B. Communism in China
1. The Fall of China’s Dynastic System
a. For almost 2,000 years, China was the world’s most ______because of trade along the ______& the power of the ruling dynasties
b. In the 1600 & 1700s, European nations became powerful, began ______, & claiming ______
c. The ______in the 1700s & 1800s made Europe the center of power in the world
d. Europeans used ______to control Africa & Asia
i. Britain used the ______to claim ______rights in China
ii. By 1900, China was ______& divided into ______
2. Sun Yat-sen and the Nationalists introduce democracy in China
a. A group of reformers called ______called for changes
b. In 1912, ______ended the Chinese dynastic system & created a ______called the Republic of China
i. But, the republic did not ______China or help peasants
ii. In the 1920s, nationalist leader ______took over & ran China as a ______
3. The Communist Revolution
a. Meanwhile, ______was growing in China under the leadership of ______
b. Mao’ s Communist Party gained popularity among ______by offering to redistribute ______from wealthy warlords
c. From 1930 to 1949, Nationalists & Communists fought in a bloody ______for control of China
d. In 1949, the ______won the Civil War & Mao created the Peoples’ Republic of China
i. Chiang’s gov’t ______China & set up in ______
ii. The USA was ______when ______fell to communism & only recognized the ______as the gov’t of China
4. Mao was determined to reshape China’s economy based on Marxist ______
a. He seized ______from the rich & ______the land among the poor peasants
b. Mao followed ______example by creating ______& a ______to improve Chinese industry
5. The Great Leap Forward
a. In 1958, Mao began a massive program to create ______called the “______”
b. Millions of Chinese citizens were sent to work on large ______to grow food
c. Other citizens were required to work on massive ______like making iron & ______or building dams & ______
d. Mao’s Great Leap Forward started well…but, the it required forced labor & led to lots of ______by millions of Chinese citizens
e. The Great Leap Forward was a ______& led severe ______, famine, & poor quality industry
f. Mao ______the Great Leap Forward after three years
6. The Cultural Revolution
a. After the failure of the Great Leap Forward, Mao began the ______(1966 -1976)
b. The goal of the Cultural Revolution was to emphasize Mao’s ______& attack ______Chinese ideas
c. Mao distributed to all Chinese citizens the “______,” a book of his quotes that reinforced what was ______for Chinese communists
d. Mao targeted ______& many joined the ______, a group to protected the culture of the revolution
e. Red Guards closed ______& universities; burned books; & humiliated, beat, ______people who opposed Mao’s ideas
f. The Cultural Revolution ______the Chinese people but also led to the ______or imprisonment of thousands of citizens
7. In 1976, Mao Zedong ______& was followedby more ______Communist officials
8. Even without Mao, China remains a Communist nation today
C. The fall of China to communism had a major impact on the Cold War between the USA & USSR
1. The U.S. reaction
a. The U.S. response to the fall of China was to more ______communism the world
b. The USA was afraid of a “______” in which communist nations turn their ______communist
c. As a result, the USA vowed to ______the spread of communism anywhere in the world
2. The USA acted when communism threatened ______
a. During World War II, Korea was liberated from Japanese control by the ______army in the South & the ______army in the North
b. After WWII, Korea was divided along the 38° with a ______gov’t in North Korea & a ______in South Korea
c. The Korean War
i. In 1950, North Korea (using Soviet supplied weapons) crossed the 38° & ______South Korea
ii. When South Korea appealed to the United Nations, the USA ______to Korea to contain communism
iii. But, when the USA pushed too close to ______, the Chinese Army entered the war & helped North Korea
iv. After 3 years of fighting, a ______was agreed to in 1953, the fighting stopped, & the ______was restored as the boundary between North & South Koreas
d. The USA ______communism from spreading into South Korea & showed that it was willing to ______to contain communism
e. Today, Korea remains ______between a communist North & a democratic South
3. Non-Aligned Nations
a. The fighting in Korea convinced many nations to ______during the Cold War
b. These “neutral” countries during the Cold War were known as the “______nations”
D. While Korea was a success, the Cold War would ______in the 1950s & 1960s as communism threatened Africa, Southeast Asia, & ______