Architectural Design Principles

Proportion

Handout

Concepts

  • Principles of Design

Theconcepts used to organize or arrange the structural elements of design are known as theprinciples of design.

  • Elements of Design

The elements of design are components or parts that can be isolated and defined in a visualdesign.

Vocabulary

  • Proportion- the correct or desirable relationship between parts of a whole; balance or symmetry
  • Golden Ratio- a ratio between two portions of a line, or the two dimensions of a plane figure, in which the lesser of the two is to the greater as the greater is to the sum of both: a ratio of approximately 0.618 to 1.000
  • Balance- the elements in the design creates a sense of equilibrium.
  • Emphasis- creates a focal point within the design.
  • Rhythm- repetition within a design that creates consistency.
  • Harmony- the elements in the design complement each other.

Architectural Design Principles

Proportion

Test/Project

Proportion

Research various proportions that are implemented in building façade or style construction. Using the proportions for a set type of building (residential, historical commercial buildings) or style

Background

There are proportions and ratios that are used within architecture and design. For example, a historic business district uses the Golden Ratio for all building façades on Main Street. Another example is that certain styles of buildings have proportions for their columns (i.e., Renaissance, Tuscan or Corinthian).

Project

Student will research on how proportions are set as standards for architectural design.

Student will choose a standard either from ancient architecture or local business and home ordnances.

Student will summarize in a written one to two paragraph essay the proportional rules.

Students will use proper citation for references from research.

Student will redesign the façade of the school using an example of the proportional rules

Student will create a draft sketch to show planning that includes the denotations of proportions.

Student can use either paper or CAD (chief architect).

Students will submit the following:

  • Essay summarizing the proportional rules with citations.
  • Draft sketch showing the planning for the project including proportions.
  • Final drawing or CAD design.
  • CAD file if appropriate.

Test

Students will be graded with the rubric and by teacher review.