W-H Science Department Curriculum Map

Grade 8

State Standards

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Objectives

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Resources

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Time Allotment

/ WHRHS Student Expectations / Knowledge
(What must students know? What should they remember years from now?) Include a listing of vocabulary terms that will be assessed) / Skills
(What must students be able to do? What should they be able to do years from now?) / Relevance
(Why do students need this knowledge and these skills right now? How are knowledge and skills used by adults?)

Trimester 1:

Earth and Space Science

(ESS 1) / Recognize, interpret, and be able to create models of the earth’s common physical features in various mapping representations, including contour maps. / Understanding how to read & interpret maps
Generate a map from a model or reverse. / Map skills
Scales/keys
Legends
Interpreting features
Modeling Earths features / Directions
Erosion
Weathering
Orienteering
ESS 2 / Describe the layers of the earth, including the lithosphere, the hot convecting mantle, and the dense metallic core.
MCAS QUESTIONS:
(2004 q5) (2003 q 9) (2003 q 24) (2001 q 1) / Glencoe Science Voyages (Blue):
Chapter 10Plates Tectonics
10.1: “Continental Drift”
10.2: “Seafloor Spreading”
10.3: “Plate Tectonics” / 2 WEEKS / Essential Questions:
  1. How did the Earth come to be?
  2. Where did the continents come from?
  3. What causes earthquakes?
  4. What causes volcanoes?
/ Composition and Depth of Earth’s layers
How convection cells drive tectonics
Vocabulary:
-Continental Drift
Pangaea
-Seafloor Spreading
-Plate Tectonics
-Plate
-Lithosphere
-Asthenosphere
-Convection Current
-Divergent Boundary
-Convergent Boundary
-Subduction Zone
-Mid-Ocean Ridge / Diagram & label
Layers / Function of the layers
Earth’s Dynamic surface
ESS 5 / Describe how the movement of the earth’s crustal plates causes both slow changes in the earth’s surface (e.g., formation of mountains and ocean basins) and rapid ones (e.g., volcanic eruptions and earthquakes).
MCAS:
(2004 q39) (2003 q2) / Glencoe Science Voyages (Blue):
Chapter 10.3: “Plate Tectonics”
Glencoe Science Voyages (Blue):
Chapter 8Earthquakes
8.1: “Forces Inside Earth”
8.2: “Earthquake Information”
8.3: “Destruction by Earthquakes”
Glencoe Science Voyages (Blue):
Chapter 9
Volcanoes
9.1: “Causes of Volcanoes”
9.2: “Types of Volcanoes”
9.3: “Igneous Rock Features” / See above
2 WEEKS
2 WEEKS / See Above / Plate Tectonics
Boundary Activity – Cause
And Effect
Vocabulary:
(Chapter 8):
-Fault
-Earthquake
-Normal Fault
-Reverse Fault
-Strike-Slip Fault
-Seismic Wave
-Primary Wave
-Secondary Wave
-Surface Wave
-Epicenter
-Inner Core
-Outer Core
-Mantle
-Crust
-Seismologist
-Seismograph
-Magnitude
-Tsunami
Chapter 9:
-Volcano
-Vent
-Crater
-Hot Spot
-Shield Volcano
-Tephra
-Cinder Cone
-Composite Volcano
-Batholith
-Dike
-Sill
-Volcanic Neck
-Caldera / Demonstrate plate movement & effects / Understanding Earth Formation
ESS 6 / Describe and give examples of ways in which the earth’s surface is built up and torn down by natural processes, including deposition of sediments, rock formation, erosion, and weathering.
MCAS:
(2004 q10) (2001 q7)
(2001 q15) / SV Blue (Chapter 10) / See Above / See Above / See Above / Rock identificatiom
Identify land features caused by the various forces. / Understanding weathering
Deforestation
Beach erosion
Conservation
ESS 7 / Explain and give examples of how physical evidence, such as fossils and surface features of glaciation supports theories that the Earth has evolved over geologic time.
MCAS:
(2001q13) (2001q35) / SV Blue:
Chapter 10
Science Voyages (Blue):
Chapter 11
Clues to Earth’s Past
11.1:
“Types of Fossils”
11.2: “Relative Dating”
11.3: “Absolute Dating” / 2 WEEKS / See Above / Vocabulary Chapter 11:
-Fossil
-Petrified Remains
-Carboneous Film
-Mold
-Cast
-Index Fossil
-Principle of Superposition
-Relative Dating
-Absolute Dating
-Radioactive Decay
-Half-Life
-Radiometric Dating
-Uniformitarianism / Geologic time line
Knowledge of eras, epochs, and periods. / Changes over time
Evolution of Earth’s features

LS 11

/ Recognize that evidence drawn from geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy provides the basis of the theory of evolution.
MCAS:
(2004q12) (2004q33) / See Above / See Above / See Above / See Above / See Above / See Above

LS 17

/ Identify ways in which ecosystems have changed
throughout geologic time in response to physical conditions, interactions among organisms, and the actions of humans. Describe how changes may be catastrophes such as volcanic eruptions or ice storms. (2004q2) / See Above / See Above / See Above / See Above / See Above / See Above

Trimester 2:

Life Science

(LS 9) / Compare sexual reproduction (offspring inherit half of their genes from each parent) with asexual reproduction (offspring is an identical copy of the parent’s cell).
MCAS:
(2003q32) / Science Voyages (Blue)
Chapter 12
Change Through Time
12.1: “Natural Selection”
12.2: “Evidence for Evolution”
Prentice Hall: Cells and Heredity
Chapter 5
Changes Over Time
5.1: “Darwin’s Voyages”
5.2: “Fossil Record”
5.3: “Other Evidence for Evolution” / 2 WEEKS
2 WEEKS / Essential Questions:
Why are there so many kinds of animals and plants?
How are all organisms related?
Why do organisms become extinct?
What are you made of?
What does a gene do?
Where do you get your characteristics from? / Vocabulary:
(SV Blue 12):
-species
-evolution
-natural selection
-variation
-punctuated equilibrium
-gradualism
-sedimentary rock
-radioactive element
-homologous
-vesitigial structure
-embryology
(PH Chapter 5):
-species
-adaptation
-evolution
-scientific theory
-natural selection
-variation
-fossil
-sedimentary rock
-petrified fossil
-mold
-cast
-relative dating
-absolute dating
-radioactive element
-half-life
-fossil record
extinct
-gradualism
-punctuated equilibria
-homologous structure
-branching tree

LS 10

/ Give examples of ways in which genetic variation and environmental factors are causes of evolution and the diversity of organisms. / See Above / See Above / See Above / Describe the process of natural selection
Variation vs Adaptation
Genetic Bottleneck / Demonstrate why genetic variation provides protection against extinction / Understanding diversity on earth

LS 11

/ Recognize that evidence drawn from geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy provides the basis of the theory of evolution.
MCAS:
(2004q12) (2004q33) / See Above / See Above / See Above / See Above

LS 12

/ Relate the extinction of species to a mismatch of adaptation and the environment. (2004q22) / See Above / See Above / See Above / See Above

LS 18

/ Recognize that biological evolution accounts for the diversity of species developed through gradual processes over many generations. / See Above / See Above / See Above / See Above

LS 2

/ Recognize that all organisms are composed of cells, and that many organisms are single-celled (unicellular), e.g., bacteria, yeast. In these single-celled organisms, one cell must carry out all of the basic functions of life. / Prentice Hall: Cells and Heredity
Chapter 1
Cell Structure and Function
1.1: “Discovering Cells” / Chapter 1: 2 WEEKS / See Above / Vocabulary:
Chapter 1.1:
-cell
-microscope
-compound microscope
-cell theory
-magnification
-convex lens

LS 3

/ Compare and contrast plant and animal cells, including major organelles (cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria, vacuoles). / Prentice Hall: Cells and Heredity
Chapter 1
Cell Structure and Function
1.2: “Looking Inside Cells”
Chapter 2
Cell Process and Energy
2.3: “Cell Division” / See Above / See Above / Vocabulary:
1.2
-organelle
-cell wall
-cell membrane
-nucleus
-chromatin
-cytoplasm
-mitochondria
-endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
-ribosome
-golgi body
-chloroplast
-vacuole
-lysosome
2.3:
-cell cycle
-interphase
-replication
-mitosis
-chromosome
-chromatid
-cytokinesis

LS 4

/ Recognize that within cells, many of the basic functions of organisms (e.g., extracting energy from food and getting rid of waste) are carried out. The way in which cells function is similar in all living organisms. / Prentice Hall: Cells and Heredity
Chapter 1
Cell Structure and Function
1.3: “Chemical Compounds in Cells”
1.4: “The Cell in its Environment”
2.3: “Cell Division”
2.4: “Cancer” / See Above / See Above / Vocabulary:
1.3
-element
-atom
-compound
-molecule
-organic compound
-inorganic compound
-carbohydrate
-protein
-amino acid
-enzyme
-lipid
-nucleic acid
-DNA
-RNA
1.4:
-selectively permeable
-diffusion
-osmosis
-passive transport
-active transport
2.4:
-cancer
-mutation
-chemotherapy
-tumor

Physical Science

PS 6 / Differentiate between an atom (the smallest unit of an element that maintains the characteristics of that element) and a molecule (the smallest unit of a compound that maintains the characteristics of that compound). / 1.3 / See Above / See Above / See Above

Life Science

(LS 7) / Recognize that every organism requires a set of instructions that specifies its traits. These instructions are stored in the organism’s chromosomes. Heredity is the passage of these instructions from one generation to another. (2004q6) / Prentice Hall,
Cells and Heredity
2.3
Prentice Hall: Cells and Heredity
Chapter 3: Genetics: The Science of Heredity
3.1: “Mendel’s Work”
3.2: “Probability and Genetics”
3.3: “The Cell and Inheritance”
3.4: “The DNA Connection”
Prentice Hall:
Cells and Heredity
Chapter 4:Modern Genetics
4.1: “Human Inheritance”
4.2: “Human Genetic Disorders”
4.3: “Advances in Genetics” / 10 periods / See Above / Understand basic structure of chromosomes & genes.
Mendel
Pedigree
Vocabulary
Chapter 3:
3.1
-trait
-heredity
-genetics
-purebred
-gene
-allele
-dominant allele
-recessive allele
-hybrid
3.2
-probability
-Punnett Square
-phenotype
-genotype
-homozygous
-heterozygous
-codominance
3.3
-meiosis
3.4
-messenger RNA
-transfer RNA
Vocabulary
Chapter 4
4.1
-multiple alleles
-sex-linked gene
-carrier
-pedigree
4.2
-genetic disorder
-amniocentesis
-karyotype
4.3
-selective breeding
-inbreeding
-hybridization
-clone
-genetic engineering
-gene therapy
-genome / Punnett Squares
Pedigree
Simple Mendelian Genetics / Understanding Inherited Genetics
LS 8 / Recognize that hereditary information is contained in genes located in the chromosomes of each cell. A human cell contains about 30,000 different genes on 23 different pairs of chromosomes. / Prentice Hall,
Cells and Heredity
Chapter 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Chapter 4
4.1
4.2
4.3 / See Above / See Above / See Above
Human Genome Project
LS 9 / Compare sexual reproduction (offspring inherit half of their genes from each parent) with asexual reproduction (offspring is an identical copy of the parent’s cell). (2003q32) / Prentice Hall
Cells and Heredity
Chapter 3
3.1 / See Above / See Above / Differences Btw Sexual & Asexual
Cloning vs Variation
Advantages & Disadvantages / Mechanics of Reproduction
Meiosis / Understanding differences in population(variation)
Evolutionary protection
Why Asexual?
Trimester 3
LS 16 / Recognize that producers (plants that contain chlorophyll) use the energy from sunlight to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water through a process called photosynthesis. This food can be used immediately, stored for later use, or used by other organisms. (2004q14) (2003q13) (2003q19) / Prentice Hall:
Cells and Heredity
Chapter 2
Cell Processes
2.1: “Photosynthesis”
2.2: “Respiration”
Science Voyage (Blue):
Chapter 18.2 / 1 WEEK / Essential Questions:
Do plants really need us?
Who is at the top of the food chain?
Why don’t animal populations grow too large for their environment? / Vocabulary:
Chapter 2.1
-photosynthesis
-chlorophyll
-pigment
-stomata
-autotroph
-herterotroph
2.2
-respiration
-fermentation
LS 13 / Give examples of ways in which organisms interact and have different functions within an ecosystem that enable the ecosystem to survive. (2003q8) (2003q17) / Science Voyages (Blue)
Chapter 17: Life and Environment
17.1: “Living vs. Nonliving”
17.2: “Interactions Among Living Organisms”
17.3: “Matter and Energy”
Chapter 18:
Ecosystems
18.1: “How Ecosystems Change”
18.2: “Land Environments”
18.3: “Water Environments”
Chapter 19:
Resources and the Environment
19.1: “Natural Resources”
19.2: “Natural Resources and Wildlife Protection”
19.3: “Maintaining a Healthy Environment” / 2 WEEKS / See Above / Vocabulary:
Chapter 17
-biosphere
-ecology
-abiotic factor
-biotic factor
-population
-community
-ecosystem
-population density
-limiting factor
-carrying capacity
-symbiosis
-habitat
-niche
-food chain
-food web
-ecological pyramid
-water cycle
-nitrogen cycle
Chapter 18:
-ecological succession
-primary succession
-pioneer community
-secondary succession
-climax community
-biome
-tundra
-taiga
-temperate deciduous forest
-tropical rainforest
-grassland
-desert
-plankton
-estuary
-intertidal zone
Chapter 19:
-natural resource
-renewable resource
-nonrenewable resource
-fossil fuel
-photovoltaic (PV) cell
-hydroelectric power
-nuclear energy
-soil depletion
-erosion
-soil management
-extinction
-endangered species
-recycling
-pollutant
-smog
-acid rain
-ozone depletion
-green house effect
-global warming
-hazardous waste
-groundwater
LS 14 / Explain the roles and relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers in the process of energy transfer in a food web. 2003q8) (2003q17) (2004q31) (2001q18) (2002q2) (2002q15) (2003q17) (2003q1) / Science Voyages (Blue)
Chapter 17
Chapter 18 / See Above / See Above / See Above
LS 15 / Explain how dead plants and animals are broken down by other living organisms and how this process contributes to the system as a whole. / Science Voyages (Blue)
Chapter 17
Chapter 18 / See Above / See Above / See Above
LS 17 / Identify ways in which ecosystems have changed
throughout geologic time in response to physical conditions, interactions among organisms, and the actions of humans. Describe how changes may be catastrophes such as volcanic eruptions or ice storms. (2004q2) / Science Voyages (Blue)
18.1
19.2
19.3 / See Above / See Above / See Above / See Above / See Above
LS 6 / Identify the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestion, reproduction, excretion, protection from disease, and movement, control, and coordination) and describe ways that these systems interact with each other. (2004q8) (2003q10) (2003q34) / Globe Fearon
Human Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 1 / See Above / See Above / See Above / Describe the function of the primary organ systems / Understand how the human body functions

Revised 7.2007Page 1