1. What Is the Metabolism? It Can Be Divided Into How Many Groups?

Problem set 6

Metabolism

1. What is the metabolism? It can be divided into how many groups?

2. Describe the role of these parts of the cell. What do they consist of?

a) membraneb) nucleusc) cytosold) mitochondria

3. How does ATP participate in metabolism? How is it produced? Where?

4. What are the stages of a metabolism? Which one is more important to produce energy?

5. Describe the process of digestion of carbohydrates, lipids (fat), and proteins. Describe where it takes place, the type of reaction(s) and list the products.

6. How does stomach help the digestion of proteins? What kind of reactions? Which enzyme is used in this section?

7. What is the NAD+? Which kind of reactions does it take part in? How?

8. Explain the glycolysis process? Explain the process and name the products of the oxidation of pyruvate in aerobic conditions. In anaerobic conditions, which reaction is take palce?

9. Is the production of glycogen harmful for our body? If is not, when does it become harmful.

10. What are the feed and product of the citric acid cycle? How many oxidizing reactions do we have? How many CO2 molecules are removed? Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

11. Which reaction of citric acid cycle is hydration? Which one is hydrolysis?

12. Why the electron transport is important for our body? Name four important electron carriers in our body.

13. Explain the chemiosmotic model. What is the main physical action in this system? What is the role of ATP synthase?

14. Before -oxidation, the fatty acids undergo a reaction. Which reaction is it? What is the name of the product?

15. What are the ketone bodies? How are they produced? How can our body use them later?

16. In ketosis disease, what is the main problem? How can we do against this disease?

17. Where does the degradation of amino acids take place? Name the reactions.

18. When does the Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) become high? How can we do against this problem?

19. Why do the anabolic and catabolic reactions have different pathways?

20. What are the products of glycolysis? Where does it take place? How many ATP are produced?

21. What is the function of kinase enzyme? What is the function of isomerase enzyme?

22. During the glycolysis, how many oxidation reactions do we have?

23. The oxidation of pyruvate is an aerobic reaction. Why?

24. Explain the fermentation and where does it take place?

25. What is the meaning of gluconeogenesis? What is the product of this process?

26. Explain the Cori cycle.

27. How can we convert glucose to di- and polysaccharides? What is the function of UTP?

28. What is glycogenesis? What is the final product? Write the reaction.

29. What is the difference between synthesis of fatty acids and degradation of fatty acids?

30. How our body can produce the fatty acids? What is the reactant?

31. What is acyl carrier protein? What is its function and how it can do this function?

32. In how many steps can we produce a fatty acid? Name them.

33. Explain the process of phospholipid synthesis.

34. What is the building block of cholesterol?

35. What is the difference between essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids? And how does our body synthesize the nonessential amino acids?

Dr. Behrang MadaniChemistry 203CSUB