We Have Looked at Properties of Individual Atoms (IE, EA, Radius)

7.6 Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids

We have looked at properties of individual atoms (IE, EA, radius).

Only the ________________ ___________________ exist as individual atoms in nature.

Review properties of metals & nonmetals (Table 7.3, p. 264)

Ge is a ________________ , Sn is a ________________ even though they are in the same group. How can you explain this difference?

Metallic character ________________ down a group and ________________ across a period.

Metals

All metals are solid except for ________________ ; Cs and Ga melt just above room T

Metals tend to have ________________ ionization energies and tend to form ________________ relatively easily.

Since metals lose e- in reactions, they are ________________ .

First ionization energy is the best indicator whether an element behaves as a metal or a nonmetal.

Sn forms either a 2+ or 4+ ion. Why?

Soluble metallic oxides react with water to form hydroxides:

Na2O(s) + H2O à

CaO(s) + H2O à

Metallic oxides react with acid to produce a salt and water:

NiO(s) + HNO3 à

p. 267 SE (a) Would you expect scandium oxide to me a solid, liquid, or gas at room T?

(b) Write the net ionic equation for scandium oxide reacting with nitric acid:

PE: copper(II) oxide and sulfuric acid

Nonmetals

________________ , ________________ , or gas at room T. Melting points tend to be ________________ than metals.

Nonmetals tend to ________________ e- to fill the outer p sublevel when they react with metals.

Compounds of nonmetals tend to be __________________________ substances that are ________________ , ________________ , or ________________ with low ________________ ________________ .

Nonmetallic oxides react with water to produce an acid

CO2 + H2O à

This is why carbonate beverages are acidic and is one factor in acid rain. SO2 and SO3 produced from burning fuels are also responsible for acid rain.

P4O10 + H2O à

Nonmetallic oxides react with bases to produce a salt and water

CO2 + NaOH à

A compound, XCl3, has a melting point of -112oC. Would you expect the compound to me molecular or ionic? If you were told that X is either scandium or phosphorus, which do you think is the more likely choice?

Write net ionic equations:

SeO2 (s) + H2O à

SeO2(s) + NaOH(aq) à

P4O6(s) + H2O à

Read Metalloids on page 268

7.7 Trends for Group 1A and Group 2A Metals

Read Group 1A: The Alkali Metals on page 269

Alkali metals combine directly with most nonmetals.

When hydrogen combines with a metal, it forms the hydride ion (H-)

Na + H2 à

K + S à

Alkali metals react with water to produce a metallic hydroxide (base) and hydrogen

Li + H2O à

(this is an __________________________ reaction)

Why are alkali metals stored in oil or kerosene?

Write the balanced equations and net ionic equations for cesium metal reacting with (a) Cl2 (b) H2O (c) H2