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REVIEW SHEET OF CHAPTER 12 (NERVOUS TISSUE)

  1. Study guides (same as what they appear in the PowerPoint slides):
  • Critically read Chapter 12 pp. 442-461 (textbook) before section 12.5 Synapses.
  • Comprehend Terminology (those in bold in the textbook) within the reading scope above.
  • Study-- Figure questions, Think About It questions, and Before You Go On (section-ending) questions (within the reading scope above).
  • Do end-of-chapter questions: Testing Your Recall— 1-4, 7, 11-17; True/False– 1-4, 6, 8

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  1. Key concepts:
  1. 12.1 Overview of the nervous system—the central nervous system including brain and spinal nerve cord and the peripheral nervous system including the somatic and autonomic nervous systems; understand Figures 12.1, 12.2
  • Match each statement with a response chosen from the key: afferent neuron, association neuron (interneuron), central nervous system, efferent neuron, ganglion, neuroglia, peripheral nervous system

Structures/Terms / Descriptions
1 / The brain and spinal cord collectively
2 / Specialized supporting cells in the CNS
3 / Neuron serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons
4 / Ganglia and spinal and cranial nerves
5 / Collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS
6 / Neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands
7 / Neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery
  1. 12.2 Properties of neurons--types, structural features, and functions of the major types of neurons; understand Figures 12.3-12.5
  • Draw a “typical” neuron in the space below. Include and label the following structures on your diagram: cell body, Nissl bodies, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals, axon hillock, and neurofibrils.
  • Match the above terms with the appropriate description or function.

Structures/Terms / Descriptions
1 / Region of the cell body from which the axon originates
2 / Secrets neurotransmitters
3 / Receptive region of a neuron
4 / Insulates the nerve fibers
5 / Site of the nucleus and is the most important metabolic area
6 / May be involved in the transport of substances within the neuron
7 / Essentially rough endoplasmic reticulum, important metabolically
8 / Impulse generator and transmitter
  1. 12.3 Supportive cells (Neuroglia)--types and functions of neuroglia cells including myelination; types of neuroglia in the CNS? Those in the PNS? Table 12.1 is essential. Understand Figures 12.6-12.8 and read INSIGHT 12.1-12.2
  • Complete the following table.

Types of neuroglia in the CNS / Functions
1 / Phagocytosis of debris, bacteria etc.
2 / Myelinate neuron processes in the CNS
Astrocytes / 3
Ependymal cells / 4
  • Name the PNS glial cell that forms myelin. Answer: ______
  • Name the PNS glial cell that surrounds neuron cell bodies in ganglia. Answer:______
  • Certain diseases cause demyelination of nerves. Name one disease of this type. How will the disease affect nerve function? (read INSIGHT 12.2 on page 450) Answer: ______
  1. modes of transportation within the neuron and regeneration of the axon;
  2. 12.4 Electrophysiology of neurons--electrophysiology of neurons especially resting, local, and action potentials; Understand Figures 12.11-15; Table 12.2 on page 456 is very important
  • Complete the following table.

Local potential / Action potential
Graded—proportional to stimulus strength
Reversible—returns to resting membrane potential if stimulation ceases before threshold is reached
Local—has effects for only a short distance from point of origin
Decremental—signal grows weaker with distance
  • What ion produces the spike of the action potential? Answer:______
  • Nerve A has a refractory period of 5 milliseconds and nerve B has a refractory period of 10 milliseconds. Which nerve can fire at the fastest rate (the most impulses per second)? Answer: ______
  • Nerves C and D are identical except that nerve C has a myelin sheath. Which nerve has the fastest conduction velocity? Answer: ______
  1. concepts related to nerve message conduction including action potential, local potentials, threshold, refractory period, saltatory, and nondecremental impulses; understand Figures 12.16-17; Watch/comprehend video clips appear in chapter 12 on

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