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Second Semester Review

Waves, Sound, Light, Electricity, Special Relativity, Work and Energy

1. The time it takes for a vibration to repeat is called its ___.

A. frequency / B. wavelength / C. period / D. amplitude

2. A mass is hanging at the end of a string and caused to vibrate back and forth as pendulum. The time it takes to vibrate back and forth depends on its ___.

A. mass / B. amplitude / C. composition / D. length

Use the above diagram to respond to questions #3-#7.

3. Which letter represents the amplitude of a wave?

4. Which letter represents the wavelength of a wave?

5. Which letter represents the maximum displacement a particle experiences during any portion of its vibration?

6. Which letter represents the total distance a wave will travel during a period?

7. Which type of wave is represented by the diagram?

A. transverse / B. longitudinal / C. sound / D. surface

8. Which of the following units is used to state frequency?

A. seconds / B. meters / C. newtons / D. hertz

9. If you wished to find the speed of a wave, you could accomplish this by measuring its:

A. amplitude and period / B. wavelength and period
C. wavelength and amplitude / D. frequency and amplitude

10. A wave passes from a slow medium into one in which it moves fast. Which of the following must increase?

A. period / B. frequency / C. wavelength / D. amplitude

11. The speed of a sound wave in air depends most on ____.

A. wavelength / B. amplitude / C. frequency / D. temperature

12. Which of the following is not a cause of standing waves?

A. interference / B. resonance / C. reflection / D. refraction

13. In a standing wave, the region that vibrates very little or not at all is called ___.

A. a node / B. an antinode / C. the Doppler region

14. In a standing wave the distance between successive antinodes represents ____ wavelength(s).

A. 2 / B. 1 / C. 1/2 / D. 1/3

15. The driver of a car that is moving toward you sounds the car's horn. As a result, the frequency of the horn that you hear is ____ that heard by the driver.

A. higher than / B. lower than / C. the same as

16. This phenomenon (in #15) is known as ___.

A. refraction / B. reflection / C. resonance / D. the Doppler effect

17. If the car (in #15) could move faster than the speed of sound, a ____ would be created.

A. shock wave / B. surface / C. transverse / D. standing wave

18. As a supersonic aircraft passes, a high-amplitude wave trails behind it as shown. Which diagram best represents the wave created by the fastest aircraft?

19. Sound travels by means of a ___ wave.

A. transverse / B. longitudinal / C. surface / D. token

20. The pitch of a sound wave detected by human ears is determined by the wave's ___ .

A. speed / B. amplitude / C. frequency / D. loudness

21. The loudness of a sound wave detected by human ears is mostly determined by the wave's:

A. speed. / B. amplitude. / C. frequency. / D. velocity.

22. Why can't sound waves travel through outer space (Why can't we hear the sun)?

  1. Nothing vibrates in space.
  2. Sound waves require a medium.
  3. Sound waves do travel through space; we aren't sensitive to their frequencies.
  4. Sound waves do travel through space; we choose not to listen to them.

23. Resonance is created when:

  1. an object is forced to vibrate at its natural frequency.
  2. an object is forced to vibrate at any old frequency.
  3. a grape is dried and then covered with milk chocolate.

24. The lowest frequency at which an open tube will resonate is known as the ___.

A. 4th harmonic / B. 3rd harmonic / C. 2nd harmonic / D. fundamental

25. Two organ pipes of equal length are played at their lowest resonating frequencies. Pipe "A" is open at both ends while "B" is closed at one end and open at the other. Which of the following will occur?

  1. The frequency of "A" will be twice that of "B".
  2. The frequency of "B" will be twice that of "A ä".
  3. The frequency of "B" will be three times that of "A".
  4. Both pipes will sound the same frequency.

26. Two tuning forks are struck and an oscillating tone that alternates between loud and soft twice a second is heard. This phenomenon is known as ___.

A. a shock wave / B. a sonic boom / C. a bow wave / D. beats

27. The phenomenon in # 26 is a result of ___.

A. the Doppler effect / B. interference / C. resonance

28. If one of the tuning forks in #26 has a frequency of 220 Hz, which of the following is a possible frequency of the other fork?

A. 440 Hz / B. 110 Hz / C. 880 Hz / D. 222 Hz

29. Which of the following is the best approximation of the speed of light in a vacuum?

A. 300,000 m/s / B. 300,000 km/s / C. 300 m/s / D. 300 km/s

30. When light enters into a piece of glass from air, its speed ___.

A. increases / B. decreases / C. stays the same

31. Which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation?

A. sound / B. gamma / C. infrared / D. ultraviolet / E. X-ray

32. What is a light year?

  1. the time it takes for light to travel across the solar system.
  2. the distance light travels in one year.
  3. 365 days of low-fat food consumption.
  4. a year in which there is very little homework assigned.

33. One polarizing filter is placed over another and no light is transmitted. Through what angle must one filter be rotated in order for maximum transmission to occur?

A. 30 deg. / B. 45 deg. / C. 90 deg. / D. 180 deg. / E. 360 deg.

34. The fact that light can be polarized is evidence that it travels in the form of a ___ wave.

A. transverse / B. longitudinal / C. surface

35. Which of the following situations would most likely cause light to become polarized.

  1. Light is transmitted through a windshield.
  2. Light is reflected off of the surface of a windshield at a low angle.
  3. Light is emitted by a light bulb.
  4. Light is reflected off of a piece of paper.

36. The colors that we see are a result of our response to the ___ of visible light.

A. frequency / B. amplitude / C. speed

37. This color is interpreted when we see the longest wavelength of visible light.

38. Red + green = ____.

39. White - yellow = ____.

40. A green apple illuminated by yellow light would appear ____.

Object "A" appears red when illuminated by magenta light while "B" appears blue. When illuminated by green light, "A" appears green while "B" appears black.

41. What color would "A" appear in white light?

42. What color would "B" appear in white light?

43. What color would "A" appear in cyan light?

44. An artist paints a picture that he wishes to appear the appropriate colors when viewed using the phenomenon of retinal fatigue. What color should the artist paint a red barn?

45. Which color is scattered the most by the earth's atmosphere?

46. Which light ray in the diagram above best demonstrates the law of reflection?

47. A plane mirror forms ___ images of most objects because the light rays that reflect off of it are:

A. real, diverging / B. real, converging / C. virtual, diverging / D. virtual, converging

48. A light ray passes from substance "A" into "B" then "C" as shown. In which substance does the light ray travel fastest?

49. Light bends as it passes into a new medium because it changes ____.

A. frequency / B. speed / C. amplitude / D. period

50. The index of refraction of a substance is related to the ___ of light in that substance.

A. frequency / B. speed / C. amplitude / D. period

51. The index of refraction of light in air has a value of ____.

A. 0.00 / B. 0.50 / C. 1.00 / D. 1.50 / E. 2.00

Consider the diagram at the right for questions #52 -#54.

52. A light ray passes from substance "A" into "B" then "C" at boundaries "X" and "Y" as shown in the diagram at the right. Which substance has the highest index of refraction?

53. Total internal reflection could occur when a light ray meets the ___ boundary from the ___ side?

A. X ; A / B. X ; B / C. Y ; C

54. Imagine "A", "B","C" represented the substances air, glass, diamond. Which is the most likely match?

  1. A : air; B : glass; C : diamond
  2. A : air; B : diamond; C : glass
  3. A : glass; B : air; C : diamond
  4. A : glass; B : diamond; C : air

55. White light passes through a triangular prism as shown. Which ray most likely represents violet light?

56. Which ray traveled the fastest in the prism?

Two lenses are shown at right. Which of the lenses, A or B or both:

57. is bi-convex?

58. forms virtual images?

59. forms real images?

60. forms reduced images only?

61. can be used as a magnifying lens?

62. can be used to correct near-sightedness?

63. If an object is placed at a distance from a converging lens that is twice focal length of the lens (at 2F), where will the image be formed?

A. beyond 2F / B. at 2F / C. between 2F and F / D. between 2F and the lens

64. If an object is placed at a distance from a converging lens that is between 2f and F, where will the image be formed?

A. beyond 2F / B. at 2F / C. between 2F and F / D. between 2F and the lens

65. In which situation above will the image be magnified (larger than the object)?

A. #63 / B. #64 / C. #63 and #64 / D. neither #63 nor #64

66. Which of the following is true?

  1. Both of the images in #63 and #64 will be real.
  2. Both of the images in #63 and #64 will be virtual
  3. One of the images in #63 and #64 will be real and the other will be virtual
  4. It is impossible to determine the types of images that will be formed in #63 and #64.

67. A neutral object would acquire a negative charge if it ____.

A. gained some atoms. / B. gained some electrons / C. gained some protons
D. lost some electrons / E. lost some neutrons

68. A neutral balloon is suspended from a string. A charged plastic golf tube is brought nearby. As a result, the balloon will be ____.

  1. attracted to the tube
  2. repelled by the tube.
  3. neither attracted to or repelled by the tube.
  4. either attracted or repelled, depending on whether the tube is + or - charged.

A negatively-charged balloon is brought next to two conducting cans that are touching each other as shown above (before). The balloon is closer to can #1 than it is to # 2. While the balloon is near, the cans are separated and the balloon is removed (after).

69. After the balloon is removed, can # 1 is ______.

A. positively-charged / B. negatively-charged / C. neutral

70. The process described above is called ______.

A. charging by friction / B. charging by conduction
C. charging by induction / D. grounding

71. The resistors in circuit ____ are connected in series.

72. What is the effective/equivalent resistance of circuit "A"?

A. 1/3 Ohm / B. 1 Ohm / C. 3 Ohm / D. 9 Ohm / E. 27 Ohm / AB. 81 Ohm

73. What is the effective/equivalent resistance of circuit "B"?

A. 1/3 Ohm / B. 1 Ohm / C. 3 Ohm / D. 9 Ohm / E. 27 Ohm / AB. 81 Ohm

74. A woman standing on the ground sees a rocket ship move past her at 95% the speed of light. compared to when the rocket is at rest, the woman measures the rocket's length as:

A. longer. / B. shorter. / C. the same length.

75. When an object is pushed to relativistic speeds, its mass is _____.

A. greater than at rest. / B. smaller than at rest. / C. the same as at rest.

76. An astronaut traveling at 0.87c holds a 1-meter stick in her hand, moving forward in spear-like fashion. The astronaut sees the spear's length as _____.

A. 0.5 m / B. 0.87 m / C. 1 m / D. 1.25 m / E. 1.5 m

77. A spaceship that is traveling very fast with respect to your frame of reference, fires a light beam that travels at speed c with respect to the spaceship. You measure the light beam's speed to be _____.

A. less than c / B. more than c / C. equal to c

78. According to the special theory of relativity, if you measure your own pulse while traveling at very high speeds, you would notice your pulse rate to ____.

A. increase / B. decrease / C. be the same as

79. If a person jumps twice as high on a trampoline, ...

  1. she will have twice the potential energy at the top of her jump.
  2. she will have started with twice the kinetic energy at the begining of her jump.
  3. she will have four times as much potential energy at the top of her jump.

80. A person jumps on a trampoline. If the person reaches a height above the trampoline of 0.350 meters, with what velocity did the person leave the trampoline? (Hint: mass cancels from the work-energy equation)

  1. 0.35 m/s
  2. 0.85 m/s
  3. 6.9 m/s
  4. 2.6 m/s
  5. none of these

81. A 50.0-kg sack is lifted 2.0 meters in the same time a 25.0-kg sack is lifted 4.0 meters. The power expended in raising the 50-kg sack as compared to the power used to lift the 25-kg sack is:

  1. Twice as much
  2. Half as much
  3. The same

82. Since the earth is attracted to the sun, why doesn't it fall into the sun?

  1. Because it has a large tangential velocity.
  2. Because there is an equal force holding it away from the sun.
  3. Because it has too much mass to move towards the sun.
  4. Because it has too much inertia to move toward the sun.

83. Neel, whose mass is 75-kg, ascends the 1.6-meter high stairs in 1.2 s. Determine Neel's power rating. PSYW

84. A 500-kg roller coaster car starts at a height of 32.0 m. Assuming negligible energy losses to friction and air resistance, determine the PE, KE, and speed of the car at the various locations (A, B, C, D, and E) along the track.

Location / Height (m) / PE (J) / KE (J) / velocity (m/s)
Start / 32.0 / ______/ ______/ 0
A / 28.0 / ______/ ______/ ______
B / 11.0 / ______/ ______/ ______
C / 20.0 / ______/ ______/ ______
D / 5.0 / ______/ ______/ ______
E / 15.0 / ______/ ______/ ______
F / 0 / ______/ ______/ ______

85. What is the angle of incidence on an air-to-glass boundary if the angle of refraction in the glass (n = 1.52) is 25 degrees?

a. 16 degrees / b. 25 degrees / c. 40 degrees / d. 43 degrees

86. An object is placed at a distance of 30 cm from a thin converging lens along its axis. The lens has a focal length of 10 cm. What are the values, respectively, of the image distance and magnification?

a. 60 cm and 2.00 / b. 15 cm and 2.00 / c. 60 cm and -0.50 / d. 15 cm and -0.50

87. Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on an glass-to-air boundary at greater than the critical angle?

a. total reflection / b. total transmission
c. partial reflection, partial transmission / d. partial reflection, total transmission

88. A light ray in air is incident on an air to glass boundary at an angle of 45 degrees and is refracted in the glass of 30 degrees with the normal. What is the index of refraction of the glass?

a. 2.13 / b. 1.74 / c. 1.23 / d. 1.41

89. If a virtual image is formed 10 cm along the principal axis from a convex mirror of focal length -15 cm, what is the object distance from the mirror?

a. 30.0 cm / b. 10.0 cm / c. 6.0 cm / d. 3.0 cm

90. In an experiment to find the speed of waves in a rope, a standing wave pattern is established as shown in diagram 5-53. The vibrating end makes ninety vibrations per minute. The speed of the waves is

a. 3 m/s. / b. 6 m/s. / c. 180 m/s. / d. 360 m/s. / e. 540 m/s.

91. Waves generated at A are reflected at B to produce a standing wave as shown in diagram 5- 56. The number of antinodes in the diagram is

a. 3. / b. 5. / c. 6. / d. 7. / e. 12.

92. The standing wave pattern in diagram 5-56 (above) is representative of the ____ harmonic.

a. third / b. fifth / c. sixth / d. seventh / e. twelth

93. Determine the critical angle for the following boundaries:

  1. air - crown glass (n=1.52)
  2. air - diamond (n=2.42)
  3. crown glass (n=1.52) - diamond (n=2.42)
  4. air - Lucite (n=1.40)
  5. air and a material through which light travels at a speed of 2.1 x 108 m/s