Supplemental Phase II/III and Revised Phase IV Remedy Implementation Plan (RIP)
Release Tracking Number 3-2856
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
Readville 5-Yard Facility
Industrial Drive
Dedham & Readville, Massachusetts
Supplemental Phase II/III and Revised Phase IV Remedy Implementation Plan (RIP)
Release Tracking Number 3-2856
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
Readville 5-Yard Facility
Industrial Drive
Dedham & Readville, Massachusetts
January 2010
Prepared By: Elissa Brown, Project Manager Date
January 2010
ReviewedBy: Michael Grasso, CIH Date
1
AECOMEnvironment
Contents
1.0INTRODUCTION
1.1General
1.2Overview
1.3Site Background Information......
1.3.1Site Location......
1.3.2Sensitive Receptors......
1.3.3Regional Topography and Geology......
1.3.4Regional Hydrology/Hydrogeology......
1.3.5Groundwater and Soil Classification......
1.3.5.1Groundwater......
1.3.5.2Soil......
1.4Site History......
1.4.1General......
1.4.2Release History......
1.4.3Previous Investigations......
1.4.3.1Preliminary Site Assessment, Phase I Limited Site Investigation, May 1989.
1.4.3.2Draft Phase III Report, Development of Remedial Alternatives, May 1990..
1.4.3.3Tier II Extension Submittals (1996, 1997, 1998)......
1.4.3.4Immediate Response Action Status Report and Imminent Hazard
Evaluation, October 2000......
1.4.3.5Phase I Initial Site Investigation, September 2001......
1.4.3.6Immediate Response Action, Preliminary Injunction, November 2001.....
1.4.3.7Imminent Hazard Evaluation, February 2002......
1.4.3.8Immediate Response Action, Sampling Outside Fence, March 2002......
1.4.3.9Amtrak Immediate Response Action Completion, December 2002......
1.4.3.10Phase II – Comprehensive Site Assessment, January 2003......
1.4.3.11Phase III – Remedy and Phase II Addendum, January 2003......
1.4.3.12Modified IRA Plan, September 2003......
1.4.3.13Final IRA Plan Modification, February 2004......
1.4.3.14IRA Completion Report, May 2004......
1.4.3.15LFR Subsurface Investigation, November & December 2005......
1.4.3.16Phase IV –Remedial Implementation Plan, June-July 2006......
2.0SUPPLEMENTAL PHASE II CSA
2.1Supplemental Phase II CSA Activities......
2.1.1Field Health and Safety Plan......
2.1.2Preliminary Utility Mark Out......
2.1.3Dust Monitoring and Air Sampling......
2.1.4Decontamination Procedure......
Contents (Cont'd)
2.1.5Tree and Brush Removal......
2.1.6Soil/Debris Stockpile Sampling......
2.1.7Confirmatory LFR Soil Sampling......
2.1.8Containerization and Disposal of Wastes......
2.1.9Decontamination Procedures......
2.1.10Topographic Survey......
2.2Site Geology and Hydrogeology......
2.2.1Site Hydrology......
2.2.1.1Groundwater Hydrology
2.2.1.2Hydraulic Gradients......
2.2.1.3Hydraulic Conductivity......
2.2.1.4Groundwater Velocity......
2.2.2Site Geology......
2.3Representativeness Evaluation and Laboratory Data Usability Assessment......
2.3.1Representativeness Evaluation
2.3.1.1Conceptual Site Model......
2.3.1.2Field Screening......
2.3.1.3Sampling Locations......
2.3.1.4Temporal Data......
2.3.1.5Field Completeness......
2.3.1.6Data Inconsistency......
2.3.1.7Data Not Used......
2.3.2Data Usability Assessment......
2.4Nature and Extent of Contamination
2.5Soil Categories......
2.6Soil Quality......
2.6.1Comparison of AECOM Screening Results to LFR Screening Results......
2.6.2Soil Analytical Results......
2.6.2.1Previous Investigations......
2.6.2.2Supplemental Phase II Investigation......
2.6.3Extent of Soil Contamination......
2.7Groundwater Categories......
2.8Groundwater Quality......
2.8.12Groundwater Gauging......
2.8.2Groundwater Analytical Results......
2.8.3Extent of Impacts to Groundwater......
2.9Stockpiles......
Contents (Cont'd)
2.10Background Concentrations......
2.11Contaminants of Concern......
2.12Contaminant Fate and Transport......
2.13Revised Risk Characterization......
2.13.1Current and Reasonably Foreseeable Site Activity and Use......
2.13.2Characterization of the Risk of Harm to Health......
2.13.2.1Human Exposure Receptors/Pathways/Exposure Points......
2.13.2.2Soil and Groundwater Categories......
2.13.2.3Summary of Potential Human Exposures......
2.13.2.4Exposure Points /Exposure Point Concentrations......
2.13.2.5Quantification of Human Exposure......
2.13.2.6Dose-Response Assessment......
2.13.2.7Health Risk Characterization......
2.13.2.8Identification of Applicable or Suitably Analogous Standards......
2.13.2.9Uncertainties in the Health Risk Assessment......
2.13.2.10Revised Risk-Based Concentrations......
2.13.3Potential Risk of Harm to Safety......
2.13.4Public Welfare Risk Characterization......
2.13.4.1Characterization of Risks to Public Welfare......
2.13.4.2Upper Concentration Limits......
2.13.5Environmental Risk Characterization......
2.13.5.1Stage I Environmental Screening......
2.13.5.2Upper Concentration Limits......
2.13.5.3Conclusions......
2.13.6Conclusions of Method 3 Risk Characterization......
2.14Supplemental Phase II CSA Conclusions......
2.14.1Discussion......
2.14.2Supplemental Phase II Completion Statement......
2.14.3Licensed Site Professional Opinion......
2.14.4Public Involvement......
3.0Supplemental Phase III......
3.1Introduction......
3.1.1Objectives and Methodology
3.1.2Site Regulatory Background......
3.1.3Remedial Action Plan Objectives......
Contents (Cont'd)
3.2Summary of Phase III RAP Findings
3.2.1Introduction......
3.2.2Risk-Based Clean-up Objectives......
3.2.3Recommended Remedial Alternatives......
3.3Re-Evaluation of Remedial Alternatives......
3.3.1Introduction......
3.3.2Reevaluation of Remedial Action Alternatives......
3.3.3Detailed Evaluation......
3.3.4Evaluation of Response Action Performance Standards (RAPS)......
3.4Recommended Remedial Alternative......
3.4.1Operation, Maintenance, and Monitoring Requirements......
3.4.2Health and Safety......
3.4.3Implementation Schedule......
3.4.4Temporary versus Permanent Solution......
3.4.5Evaluation of Feasibility of Achieving Background......
3.4.5.1Identification of Background Levels......
3.4.5.2Potential of Achieving or Approaching Background Conditions......
4.0Phase IV Remedy Implementation Plan......
4.1Introduction......
4.1.1Objective......
4.1.2Site Background......
4.1.3Previous Investigations......
4.1.4Phase III RAP Recommendations......
4.1.5List of Relevant Contact Information......
4.2Engineering Design......
4.2.1Goals of the Remedial Action......
4.2.2Significant Changes or New Information Related to Disposal Site Conditions..
4.2.3Disposal Site Maps......
4.2.4Characteristics, Quantities, and Location of Contaminated Media to
be Treated......
4.2.4.1Soil Contamination......
4.2.4.2Groundwater Contamination......
4.2.5Conceptual Plan......
4.2.6Relevant Design and Operation Parameters......
4.2.6.1Design Criteria......
4.2.6.2Expected Effectiveness of the Remedial Action......
Contents (Cont'd)
4.2.7Contingency Design Measures......
4.2.8Management of Remediation Wastes......
4.2.9Site-Specific Characteristics Affected by CRA......
4.2.10Avoidance of Environmental Impact......
4.2.11Inspections and Monitoring......
4.3Construction Plans and Specifications......
4.4Operation, Maintenance, and Monitoring......
4.4.1Performance Monitoring Plan......
4.5Miscellaneous Implementation Issues......
4.5.1Health and Safety Plan......
4.5.2Necessary Federal, State, or Local Permits Required for the RIP......
4.5.3Property Access......
4.5.4Public Involvement Requirements......
4.6Additional Phase IV Activities......
4.6.1As-Built Construction Report......
4.6.2Final Inspection Report......
5.0References......
List of Figures
Figure 1Site Locus Plan
Figure 2Site Plan
Figure 3Detailed Site Plan
Figure 4GIS Data Layer
Figure 5Comparison of Soil Lead XRF and Laboratory Results
Figure 6Comparison of Soil Arsenic XRF and Laboratory Results
Figure 7Lead and Arsenic Background Exceedances from 0-6 inches
Figure 8Lead and Arsenic Background Exceedances from 0-3 feet
Figure 9Lead and Arsenic Background Exceedances from 3-8 feet
Figure 10Lead and Arsenic Background Exceedances from over 8 feet
Figure 11Lead and Arsenic Upper Concentration Limit (UCL) Exceedances from 0-6 inches
Figure 12Lead and Arsenic Upper Concentration Limit (UCL) Exceedances from 0-3 feet
Figure 13Lead and Arsenic Upper Concentration Limit (UCL) Exceedances from 3-8 feet
Figure 14Lead and Arsenic Upper Concentration Limit (UCL) Exceedances from over 8 feet
Figure 15Lead and Arsenic Risk-Based Concentration (RBC) Exceedances
Figure 16Soil Excavation and Stockpiles Removal for Off-Site Treatment and Disposal (Alternative 4)
Figure 17Phase IV Remedy Implementation Plan Remediation and MCP Submittal Schedule
Figure 18Soil Re-grading Plan
List of Tables
Table 1Summary of Supplemental Phase II Stockpile Soil Sample Analytical Results
Table 2Summary of Supplemental Phase II Grid Cell Soil Sample Analytical Results
Table 3Summary of Data Qualifications
Table 4Summary of Supplemental Phase II Lead and Arsenic XRF and Laboratory Results
Table 5Comparison of AECOM Supplemental Phase II Data and LFR Phase IV Data
Table 6Summary of Exposure Point Concentrations
Table 7Summary of Noncarcinogenic and Carcinogenic Cancer Risks Due to Soil Exposure in
Area 1 (Orphan Line)
Table 8Summary of Noncarcinogenic and Carcinogenic Cancer Risks Due to Soil Exposure in
Area 2 (Ashcroft Street Fence Line)
Table 9Summary of Noncarcinogenic and Carcinogenic Cancer Risks Due to Soil Exposure in
Area 3 (Main Rail Yard)
Table 10Summary of Noncarcinogenic and Carcinogenic Cancer Risks Due to Soil Exposure in
Area 4 (Exclusion Zone)
Table 11Summary of Noncarcinogenic and Carcinogenic Cancer Risks Due to Soil Exposure in the VPH Hot Spot
Table 12Summary of Noncarcinogenic and Carcinogenic Cancer Risks Due to Soil Exposure in the EPH Hot Spot
Table 13Summary of Noncarcinogenic and Carcinogenic Cancer Risks Due to Soil Exposure in the Lead Hot Spot 1
Table 14Summary of Noncarcinogenic and Carcinogenic Cancer Risks Due to Soil Exposure in the Lead Hot Spot 2
Table 15Summary of Noncarcinogenic and Carcinogenic Cancer Risks Due to Soil Exposure in the Lead Hot Spot 3
Table 16Summary of Noncarcinogenic and Carcinogenic Cancer Risks Due to Soil Exposure in the Soil Stockpiles in Area 4
Table 17Summary of Noncarcinogenic and Carcinogenic Cancer Risks Due to Soil Exposure in the Stockpile Hot Spots in Area 4
Table 18Summary of Noncarcinogenic and Carcinogenic Cancer Risks Due to Fugitive Dust Exposure by Nearby off-site residents
Table 19Alternative 1 – Excavate Site-Wide Background Soils
Table 20Alternative 2 – Excavate Site-Wide Residential RBC Soils
Table 21Alternative 3 – Excavate Site-Wide UCL Soils
Table 22Alternative 4 – Excavate Commercial/Industrial RBC Soils
Table 23Alternative 5 – Engineered Barrier
Table 24Stockpile Confirmatory Sampling Plan
List of Appendices
Appendix ALaboratory Analytical Reports
Appendix BBoring and Test Pit Logs
Appendix CSoil Exposure Point Concentration Calculations
Appendix DRisk Characterization Tables – MassDEP ShortForms
Appendix ERisk Characterization Tables – AECOM Spreadsheets for Commercial/Industrial Worker
Appendix FRisk Characterization Tables – Modified MassDEP ShortForms Used for Evaluating Fugitive Dust Exposures by Off-Site Resident
Appendix GRisk Based Concentrations Calculations
Appendix HComprehensive Response Action Transmittal Form & Phase II, III, IV Completion Statements (BSWC-108)
Appendix ILetters to Municipal Officers and PIP Participants
Appendix JMBTA and MassDEP Correspondence
Appendix KHealth and Safety Plan (HASP)
Appendix LAir Monitoring Plan
Appendix MTransportation Plan
List of Acronyms and Definitions
ACECArea of Critical Environmental Concern
ACMAsbestos Containing Material
ADDAverage Daily Dose
ADEAverage Daily Exposure
AOCArea of Concern
ASTAbove-ground Storage Tank
AULActivity and Use Limitation
AWQCAmbient Water Quality Criteria
BC(L)/SSSample code for surface soil samples collected to test Baseline Conditions
bgsBelow Ground Surface (depth below the ground surface)
BNsBase Neutral extractable compounds
BOLBill of Lading
BP/HASample code for soil samples collected to investigate a former Burn Pit (BP) in the Historical Area (HA)
BTEXBenzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes
BWSCBureau of Waste Site Cleanup
CA/TCentral Artery/Tunnel Project
CAMCompendium of Analytical Methods
CDCCenter for Disease Control
CDMCampDresser and McKee Consultants
CERCLAComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
CF/GPSample code for soil samples collected at Clinker Fill (CF) locations by Geoprobe (GP)
CFRCode of Federal Regulations
CL/GPSample code for soil samples collected at Center Line (CL) locations by Geoprobe (GP)
CMRCode of Massachusetts Regulations
COCContaminants of Concern
CRAComprehensive Remedial Action
CSAComprehensive Site Assessment
CSFCancer Slope Factors
CSMConceptual Site Model
DD/HASample code for soil samples collected from Drainage Ditch (DD) locations within the Historical Area
DEPMassachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
DEQEMassachusetts Department of Environmental Quality and Engineering (precursor to MassDEP)
DUPDuplicate
ELCRExcess Lifetime Cancer Risk (human health risk assessment)
EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency
EPCExposure Point Concentration
EPHExtractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons
EZExclusion Zone
EZ/GPSample code for soil samples collected from the Exclusion Zone (EZ) by Geoprobe (GP)
EZ/MWExclusion Zone/Monitoring Well
EZ/TPExclusion Zone/Test Pit
FEMAFederal Emergency Management Administration
ft/ftFoot per foot
List of Acronyms and Definitions (Cont’d)
GISGeographic Information System
GPRGround Penetrating Radar
GPSGlobal Positioning System
Group AHuman Carcinogen - sufficient evidence in epidemiological studies to support causal association between exposure and cancer in humans
Group B2Probable Human Carcinogen
Group CPossible Human Carcinogen - inadequate or lack of human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals
Group DNot Classifiable - inadequate or no human and animal evidence of carcinogenicity
GW-1Groundwater category GW-1 applies if the groundwater is located within a Current Drinking Water Source Area or Potential Drinking Water Source Area
GW-2Groundwater category GW-2 applies within 30 feet of an existing occupied structure where the average annual depth to groundwater is 15 feet below grade or less
GW-3Groundwater at all disposal Sites in Massachusetts is considered a potential source of discharge to surface water and is therefore categorized GW-3 at a minimum
HASPHealth and Safety Plan
HB/GPSample code for soil samples collected from Historical Building (HB) locations by Geoprobe (GP)
HDPEHigh-density Polyethylene
HEASTHealth Effects Assessment Summary Tables
HIHazard Index
HMMHMM Associates, Inc.
ICPInductively Coupled Plasma
IDWInvestigational Derived Waste
IEUBKIntegrated Exposure, Uptake, and Biokinetic Model
IHImminent Hazard
IRAImmediate Response Action
IRISIntegrated Risk Information System
IWPAInterim Wellhead Protection Area
kg/daykilogram/day
LADDLifetime Average Daily Dose
LADELifetime Average Daily Exposure
LFRLevine Fricke Consultants
LOAELLowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
LSPLicensed Site Professional
LT/SSSample code for surface soil samples collected from Looping Track (LT) locations
MassDEPMassachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
MBTAMassachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
MCPMassachusetts Contingency Plan
mg/kgMilligrams per kilogram
mg/kg/dayMilligrams per kilogram/day
MWMonitoring Well
MWRAMassachusetts Water Resources Authority
NHRHTANew Haven Railroad Historical and Technical Association, Inc.
List of Acronyms and Definitions (Cont’d)
NIOSHNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NISTNational Institute of Standards and Technology
NOAELNo-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
NORNotice Of Responsibility
NRSNumerical Ranking System
O&MOperations & Maintenance
OHMOil and/or Hazardous Materials
OL/SSSample code for surface soil samples collected from the Dedham Secondary/Orphan Line area
OMMOperation, Maintenance and/or Monitoring Plan
OSHAOccupational Safety & Health Administration (US government)
OSWEROffice of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
P/MWSample code for Perimeter Monitoring Wells
PAHPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
PCBPolychlorinated Biphenyls
PIDPhoto-ionization Detector
PIPPublic Involvement Plan
PRPPotentially Responsible Party
RAARemedial Action Alternatives
RAFsRelative Absorption Factors
RAOResponse Action Outcome
RAPRemedial Action Plan
RAPSResponse Action Performance Standard
RBCRisk-Based Concentration
RCRisk Characterization
RCRAResource Conservation and Recovery Act
RCRA 8Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 8 Metals
RfCsReference Concentrations
RfDsReference Doses
RIPRemedial Implementation Plan
RPResponsible Party
RTNRelease Tracking Number
SA/GPSample code for soil samples collected from the Staging Area (SA) by Geoprobe (GP)
SA/MWSample code for Staging Area Monitoring Wells
SA/TPSample code for Staging Area Test Pit samples
SOWScope of Work
SSCMPSoil Stockpile Characterization and Management Plan
SVOCSemi-Volatile Organic Compounds
SW/GPSample code for soil samples collected from Southwest Perimeter by Geoprobe (GP)
TCLPToxicity Characteristic Leachate Procedure
TPHTotal Petroleum Hydrocarbons
TSCAToxic Substances Control Act
TVOCsTotal Volatile Organic Compounds
UCLUpper Confidence Level
List of Acronyms and Definitions (Cont’d)
μg/lmicrogram per liter
μg/m^3microgram per cubic meter
USCGU.S. Coast Guard
USGSUnited States Geological Survey
USTUnderground Storage Tank
UTMUniversal Transverse Mercator coordinate system
VOCVolatile Organic Compounds
VPHVolatile Petroleum Hydrocarbons
XRFX-Ray Fluorescence
January 2010
ES-1
AECOMEnvironment
Executive Summary
The Readville 5 Yard facility (“the Site”) is a 42-acre parcel located on Industrial Drive at the border between Dedham and Boston, Massachusetts. Sections of the Site are unpaved and the perimeter is fenced. The Site is abutted by residential properties to the north and west and by industrial properties to the south and east. The Site is owned by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). AECOM (formerly known as Earth Tech, Inc. - Earth Tech) has prepared a Final Supplemental Phase II/III Report and Revised Phase IV Remedy Implementation Plan (RIP), on behalf of the MBTA, in accordance with 310 CMR 40.0874 of the Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP).
The Draft Supplemental Phase II/III Report and Revised Phase IV RIP was submitted in November 2008. Comments from the public and from Mass DEP on the draft document were received, addressed, and resolved in correspondence (October 17, 2008; March 23, 2009; May 8, 2009; and June 8, 2009), included here as Appendix J, and in the body of the report as necessary.
The purpose of this Final Supplemental Phase II/III Report and Revised Phase IV RIP (Revised Phase IV RIP) is to document engineering concepts and design criteria to be used for the design and construction for the Comprehensive Remedial Action (CRA) based on commercial/industrial property end use. Secondary goals of this document are to present and analyze supplemental Site data in support of an updated Risk Characterization (RC) and Supplemental Phase II Comprehensive Site Assessment (CSA) report, as well as to present a Supplemental Phase III Remedial Action Plan (RAP).
For the purposes of the risk characterization and the Phase III, the 42-acre Site was divided into four separate potential exposure areas (Areas 1 through 4) based primarily on historical use, types and concentrations of contaminants, and existing zoning and access. The revised risk characterization examines the commercial/industrial scenario, uses MassDEP Shortforms, and calculates new exposure point concentrations (EPCs) for each on-Site area, based on MassDEP comments.
The four areas assessed in the risk characterization and evaluated in the Phase III study include:
- Area 1 – Orphan Line: The Orphan Line was formerly the Dedham Secondary Line and consists of an approximately 90-foot wide by 3,200–foot long section of abandoned railroad tracks along the Site’s northern boundary.
- Area 2 – Western Fence Line (adjacent to Ashcroft Street):Area 2 is a narrow strip of land located along the southwestern Site boundary between the exclusion zone (EZ) and a wooded area followed by residential properties on Ashcroft Street.
- Area 3 - Main Rail Yard:The Main Rail Yard is the largest area evaluated for this Site. Comprising approximately 21 acres, the area contains both active and inactive tracks. The Main Rail Yard is currently used by MBTA and Massachusetts commuter rail operators for storage of railroad materials (ties, track panels, etc.), and has a long history of use as a former railroad maintenance and storage yard. One large building was formerly located within the Main Rail Yard, and the foundation of this structure still exists in some areas.
- Area 4 - Exclusion Zone:This Area is located west of the Main Rail Yard and occupies most of the western portion of the Site. Reportedly, Area 4 has been used for railroad associated materials and a historical burn pit, and has soil piles. Soil and debris stockpiles are present in this area and evaluated as a separate exposure point in the risk assessment.
In addition to the four areas identified and the two lead “hot spots”, 15 soil and debris stockpiles are located in Area 4.
Materials identified in the soil and debris piles included the following: soil, creosote timbers, asphalt, wood debris, railroad ties, bricks, ash, trash, metal, burnt material, and other miscellaneous items. Elevated concentrations of metals (primarily lead and arsenic) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and petroleum compounds have been detected in surface and subsurface soil. Based on the results of soil and debris pile sampling and characterization, the soil and debris piles were estimated by Weston & Sampson to comprise approximately 21,000 tons of material. Of this material, approximately 5,000 tons (24% of total material) were found to contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Site-wide Risk-Based Concentration levels (RBCs) were developed during risk characterization for four potential future general use scenarios/receptors, which include: residential, recreational, commercial/ industrial (indoor/outdoor worker) and construction. Contaminants of concern (COCs) carried through the risk characterization for the four Areas included arsenic, lead, antimony, barium, chromium, cobalt, copper, nickel, zinc, extractable petroleum hydrocarbon (EPH) parameters, and select PAHs. Specific contaminants driving the remediation of the Site include arsenic and lead.