Two Column Notes Skeletal and Muscular Systems

TWO COLUMN NOTES SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS

(To be used with Power Point)

1. What two systems are we studying today? / Skeletal and muscular
2. The framework of the human body is composed of 206 bones and it forms the skeletal system. This system has 5 major functions. The skeleton gives shape and support to your body. Bones protect your internal organs. Major muscles are attached to bone and help them move. Blood cells are formed in the center of the soft tissue called marrow. Finally, major quantities of calcium and phosphorous compound, which make bones hard, are stored in the skeleton. / How many bone are in the human body?
What elements make bones hard?
List the 5 functions of the skeletal system
3. Osteoblasts are cells that form these specialized organs. Osteoclasts are cells that break down these specialized organs. / What is the difference between osteoclast and osteoblasts?
4. Periosteum: a living bone’s surface is covered with this tough tight fitting membrane. Blood vessels contained within carry nutrients to the bone. Cells involved in the growth and repair of bones are also found in the periosteum. There are two types of bones under the periosteum, spongy and compact. / What function does the periosteum serve?
5. Spongy Bone: Spongy bone is located towards the end of long bones like your thigh and upper arm. Spongy bone has many small open spaces that make the bones lightweight. Compact Bone: This is located directly under the periosteum. Calcium and phosphate components make compact strong. Bone cells and blood vessels are found in this layer. / What is the difference between sponge and compact bone?
6. Cartilage: cartilage is the smooth slippery thick layer of tissue what covers the ends of bones. There are no blood vessels or minerals contained in cartilage. Nutrients are delivered by nearby blood vessels. Because cartilage is flexible acts like a shock absorber for the joints. It also reduces friction caused by bones rubbing together. / How does cartilage help to protect our body?
7. Joint: A place where two or more bones come together. Ligament: This is a tough band of tissue that holds the bones together at the joints. / What is the difference between joints and ligaments?
8. Immovable joints: These are joints that allow little or no movement. The skull and pelvis are examples. Movable joints: These allow the body to move in a wide range of motions. There are 4 types of moveable joints: pivot, ball and socket, hinge and gliding. / Name 2 examples of an immovable joint.
9. Pivot: One bone rotates in a ring of another bone that does not move. Turning your head is an example.
Ball and Socket: This a ball with a rounded end that fits in the cavity of another bone. Swinging arms and legs in any direction is an example of this motion.
Hinge: This joint has a smaller range and has a back and forth motion like a door. These joints are found in elbows, knees and fingers.
Gliding: This joint is where one part of the bone slides over another and they also move back and forth. They are found in wrists ankles and in between vertebrae. / List one example of each kind of movable joint.
10. MUSCLES
There are 600 muscles in the muscular system. Muscles connect some of the bones in your body. A muscle is an organ that can relax, contract and provide the force to move a body. As a result energy is used and work is done. / How many muscles are there in the human body?
What is the function of muscles?
11. Involuntary muscles: These are muscles that cannot be consciously controlled. This is how blood is pumped and food is digested.
Voluntary muscles: These are muscles that can be consciously controlled. / What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?
12. Skeletal muscles: these are muscles that move bones.
Tendons: These are thick bands of tissues that connect skeletal muscles to bones.
Cardiac muscle: These type of muscles are found only in the heart. The cardiac muscle is striated and it contracts about 70 times per minute every day all day.
Smooth muscle: These muscles are found in the intestines, bladder, blood vessels and other internal organs. They are non-striated and they contract and relax slowly. / How does the composition of each different kind of muscle allow it to do its job?
13. Tendons: These are thick bands of tissues that connect skeletal muscles to bones. Working muscles: When one muscle in a pair contracts the other relaxes. Chemical energy is used in this process. / How do tendons help us move?
14. When the muscles contract they pull on the bones they are attached to create movement. The muscles action of pulling on the bones helps them move in all different directIons. We need muscles to move involuntary and voluntary. Muscles create 85% of body heat, and hold our posture. The brain sends impulses to the muscles to move bones, which is movement. One needs the other to work. Together they produce bodily movement.
When the brain sends impulses to the muscles, it causes them to contract and because they are connected to the bones the bones are moved along with the muscles.
Muscles receive messages from brain through the somatic nervous system telling the muscles to move. Muscles listen and contract then the bone is pulled along with the muscle by the tendon. The bone is there to support the body. / Beginning with a thought in the brain explain how we voluntarily move our bodies?
15. There are 3 types of levers in this body system called
1st 2nd and 3rd class.
= / Draw and label the 3 kinds of levers. Make sure to label the load, fulcrum and force as well as the direction of each.