MURPHY OIL USA

Meraux Refinery

Area: ALL / Unit: ALL / File: GEN034-0109.DOC
Certified By:G. A. Creekmore
Rev #:0
Rev Date:February 16, 2009 / Procedure
Number
OPS-GEN-034
Title: Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
TASK / N/A
SAFETY / N/A
REFERENCE
DOCUMENTS / N/A
SPECIAL
MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT / N/A
QUALITY
ASSURANCE / N/A
ENVIRONMENTAL / N/A
SPECIAL
INSTRUCTIONS / N/A

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

TITLE:

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

POLICY:

The purpose of this policy is to provide a process when performing tasks to identify hazards associated with specific steps and identify safeguards to eliminate, or reduce the risk of injury or material damage. Employees are encouragedto identify safe work practices and work process improvements for routine and non-routine jobs.

GOAL:

The goal of using a JSA process is to:

  • reduce incidents by analyzing the hazards associated with jobs, then controlling or eliminating those hazards
  • to have employees analyze how they perform their jobs with an eye for safety and health so they adjust their behavior and become more safety conscious
  • to provide a standardized system to train new employees and supervisors
  • to determine if an employee is deviating from standard procedure
  • to provide a reference point should an accident occur
  • to help start a new job in a safe manner
  • to reinforce knowledge and the use of correct job techniques for the participants
  • to set performance standards which can make the entire workplace safe and healthier

PROCEDURE:

1.0Setting JSA Priorities

The long-range objective is to conduct and make JSAs available for all jobs in the workplace. It is very important to set priorities for developing JSAs. In deciding which job to start with, here are some factors to consider:

  • Jobs that have a high frequency of injury or illness
  • Jobs that have injury and illness severity
  • Jobs new to the plant or new to the personnel performing them
  • Jobs that have changes in process or procedure

2.0Employee Involvement

Authority to initiate a JSA is given to any employee who has a job or task to accomplish. The JSA process must have employee involvement in order to succeed. Competency to perform a JSA should not necessitate anything other than ordinary job knowledge requirements. The JSA process is a plant wide process – not a safety department process. Everyone has a specific role that must be understood by all other employees. One approach is to form JSA teams to identify the hazards and reach an agreement as to the safest way to complete the job. A JSA Team can consist of the following members:

Employee

Employees, who are experienced in the job, can communicate well, and assist in identifying steps and hazards of a job.

Supervisor

The employee's supervisor is likely to have insight about the job which is different than the employee.

Other Possible Members

Engineering, Maintenance, Safety, Managers, other contractors and SMEs (subject matter experts) can help the Team by providing different points of view on safe work practices.

2.1Break Jobs into Sequential Steps

List the basic steps for the job in the order in which they are performed. Here are some points to consider in listing steps.

Keep jobs specific. Typical jobs suitable for a JSA are the type of job assignments that an Operator or mechanic may perform. “Removing a pump for maintenance” or “Making a tie-in to piping” are good subjects for a JSA.

Break procedures down into observable steps. The steps should not be too detailed or too general. Focus on action steps.

Describe each step completely, but concisely. Each step tells what is done, not how to do it.

Number each step and begin each step with an action verb. The step is completed by naming the item to which the action applies. Use verbs such as "add," "rotate to the right," "switch off," etc.

2.2Identify all Hazards

When looking for hazards, be sure to consider the environment, equipment and processes, and employee work practices. Only when people identify hazards can they take the steps necessary to control them. This information is derived from a combination of the team’s experience, observation, and judgment. Often the field workers are more experienced at the job than other team members. Listen closely to their opinions.

The JSA is highly judgmental and interpretive. Often there are steps that are complex and involve certain subtleties. In listing sequential steps and identifying the hazards associated with these steps, bear in mind that the JSA should be created as a useful training tool for employees new to the job. Make sure that a new employee could look at the completed JSA and know precisely how to complete the job in the safest possible manner. List the protective equipment and tools employees should utilize.

  • Record the types of possible incidents and, if appropriate, the causes.
  • Use a checklist of potential hazards when developing JSAs. No one can remember all the hazards and a memory jogger is useful at this stage. Consider the following hazard types:

1.Contact - Contact occurs when a worker is struck by, or strikes against, an object; or when the worker comes in contact with hazardous objects, such as hot pipes.

2.Caught - A worker is caught on, in, or between stationary or moving objects. Examples include snagged skin, limbs pinned in machinery, or becoming trapped in a boiler or pipe.

3.Fall - A fall occurs when the worker falls to ground level, or falls from one level to a lower level. This includes trips and slips.

4.Overexertion - Overexertion occurs when the worker experiences excessive strain or stress, to the point of injury. An example is a pulled muscle resulting from incorrect lifting techniques.

5.Exposure - Exposure occurs when a worker either breathes or has skin exposure to harmful vapors, liquids, or dusts. The exposure may occur over the short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic).

Exposure to heat and cold conditions; noise and vibration are included in this category.

"Exposure" should be distinguished from accidents such as acid burn, which is a "contact" accident.

6.Cumulative Trauma Disorders - Cumulative Trauma Disorders are health effects that can occur from repeated ergonomic stress over a significant period of time (e.g., excessive repetition, awkward posture, lack of rest, poor work environment, excessive force, etc.). Cumulative Trauma Disorders can cause damage to soft tissue, nerves, tendons, or muscles.

2.3Specify Control Measures or Safe Operating Procedures

State the control measures that should be followed to eliminate or reduce hazards and prevent potential incidents. Control measures include:

  • Eliminating the hazard by changing the job.
  • Engineering out hazards or reducing them through engineering - machine safeguards, lockout/tagout, ventilation, isolation of a process, new tools, substitution of materials, etc.
  • Using administrative controls - reduce frequency of exposure, increase or provide training and monitoring, provide or use safe operating procedures.
  • Using personal protective equipment.

When specifying control measures, consider the following:

  • Avoid general precautions, such as "work safely.” Specifically state what the employee should or should not do to eliminate the hazard or exposure to the hazard.
  • Changes may affect other jobs, so look around at the workflow and see what other changes need to be made.

JSA Worksheet

The JSA Worksheet is used to record the sequential steps necessary to complete an identified job. It also specifies the potential hazards associated with each step. The hazards are recorded with the appropriate safeguards to eliminate, or minimize each hazard to an acceptable level.

Conducting the JSA by the Direct Observation Method

The Direct Observation Method of job evaluation requires actual on-site participation of those involved in the JSA. There is direct visual observation of an employee doing the job under evaluation.

Conducting the JSA by the Discussion Method

In the Discussion Method of task evaluation, employees identify sequential steps, hazards, and safe working procedures by discussing the job, in detail, with an employee or employees who are knowledgeable and experienced in the job.

2.4File the Completed JSA Forms

These forms serve as a useful tool when evaluating potential changes in the work process and for training new employees. The JSA is not a recyclable document (it must be refreshed for each job). It is acceptable to reference and use applicable data from an “archived” JSA, but caution must be taken to prevent complacency in evaluating the job details.

Completed electronic JSA forms should be saved by the user in the appropriate folder located on the I:\Common\JobSafetyAnalysis\Area\Job. Files should be named as follows: YR Month Date Title. An example of a named file for a completed JSA would be 090131 Draining Water Boot MDH. The title must be identifiable with the task that was completed so anyone searching for an archived JSA file can locate it easily.

Written JSA forms should be forwarded to the appropriate Area PSM/Trainer for scanning into the correct JSA file.

Review of the Job Safety Analysis

Successfully implementing a JSA process involves establishing a specific review process.

  • As JSAs are written, questions and recommendations must be followed up on and resolved. The PSM/Trainer is responsible for reviewing the JSAs in their area for any items that require additional action such as a work order, RFC, requisition, etc.
  • The Safety Department will review the JSA database annually, to ensure JSAs are being conducted and documented, and that their quality is adequate.
  • PSM/Trainers, Shift Supervisors and Area Specialists will coach employees in properly performing JSAs and ensure conformance with written JSA while work is being performed.
  • On an annual basis, the PSM/Trainer shall review the archived database and remove any JSA forms that are no longer pertinent to the job or equipment in their assigned Area.

Written by: Gerald Creekmore

1

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

Task / Job Summary / Date / New
Revised / Title of Person Who Does Job / Supervisor
Requested and/or Recommended Personal Protective Equipment / Approved and Incorporated Into Operating Procedures By:
(Supervisor or Team Leader)
1. Sequence of Basic Task Steps / 2. Potential Hazards / 3. Recommended Action or Procedure / 4. Environmental Aspects
-Break task down into normal basic steps.
-Record in normal sequence of occurrence.
-Describe the what, not the how of each step.
-Check with experience job doer.
Example: Replace light bulb.
  1. Bring and set up ladder.
  2. Ascend ladder.
  3. Remove light globe.
  4. Replace light.
  5. Replace light globe.
  6. Descend ladder.
  7. Remove/store ladder.
List each step before going to Column 2. / -Question each job step for potential accidents.
-Get ideas from (1) observing job being done; (2) discussing with employees; and (3) recalling past accidents.
-Record and number each potential accident by combining the correct accident type abbreviation (see below) with the agent of contact.
Example: SB – Load
Accident Type Abbreviations
  1. SB – Struck By, Against, Contact With
  2. CO – Caught On, In, Between
  3. F – Fall
  4. S – Strain, Stress
  5. E – Exposure To
  6. CTD – Repetitive, Awkward Posture, Force
Finish each step before going on to Column 3. / -For Each potential accident, decide exactly what employee should do or not do to avoid the accident. Be specific.
Examples:
Lock out main power switch.
Keep feet inside shuttle car.
Don’t go beyond temporary supports.
Don’t pull cable around sharp corners.
-Number each recommended procedure to coincide with number assigned to potential accident in Column 2.
-Get ideas from (1) observing task; (2) discussing with task doers; and (3) recalling past accidents.
-Write as if talking to employee. Never record useless generalities, like be careful, be alert, use caution, etc.
-If applicable, cite published general safety rule code.
Finish each step before going to Column 4. / -What waste will be generated, what is the disposal plan & what is the potential impact to WWT
-Have Environmental and Safety approved / reviewed the disposal plan? What will be done to lessen or mitigate risks / extremes?
1. Sequence of Basic Job Steps / 2. Potential Hazards / 3. Recommended Action or Procedure / 4. Environmental Aspects

Comments:

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Job Safety Analysis(JSA) Sign In Sheet

Task / Job Summary (and Number if Applicable): / Date:
Name (Please Print) / Signature / Company