Name ______Date ______

Ch 9 The Cell cycle – Biology in Focus

Based on AP Biology reading guide by Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw

Overview

1. Define cell cycle.

Concept 9.1 Most cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells.

2. Explain the difference between a prokaryotic genome and a eukaryotic genome.

3. Explain the difference between chromosomes and chromatin.

4. What are somatic cells? How many chromosomes are in your somatic cells?

5. Above is a pair of sister chromatids. Label centromere. What are sister chromatids?

6. Explain the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis.

7. A chicken has 78 chromosomes in its somatic cells. How many chromosomes did the chicken inherit from each parent? ______How many chromosomes will be in each of the chicken’s gametes? ______How many chromosomes will be in each somatic cell of the chicken’s offspring? ______

Concept 9.2 The mitotic phase alternates with interphase in the cell cycle.

8. Label each of the parts of the cell cycle listed below, and give a brief explanation of what happens in each phase.

G1

S

G2

M

9. What are the components of the mitotic spindle? What is the its purpose?

10. What is another name for the centrosome?

11. What is a kinetochore? What is its function?

12. Label the following pictures with the name of the phase and describe what is happening in each.

13. Continue labeling these pictures like you did in #12.

14. What is the function of nonkinetochores?

15. Explain what happens in cytokinesis in an animal cell.

16. Explain what happens in cytokinesis of a plant cell.

17. By what process do bacteria reproduce?

18. Using the following diagram, explain how bacteria reproduce.

Concept 9.3 The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by a molecular control system.

19. Using figure 9.14, explain what controls the cell cycle.

20. What is a ce4ll cycle checkpoint?

21. Summarize what happens at each checkpoint.

Checkpoint / What happens? How is it controlled?
G1
G2
M

22. What is the G0 phase?

23. Explain what growth factors are. How does PDGF stimulate fibroblast division?

24. What is density-dependent inhibition?

25. What is anchorage dependence?

26. Complete the figure 9.16 below.

27. What happens when anchorage dependence and density-dependent inhibition do not happen?

28. What causes the cells to become cancer cells?

29. What is transformation? Metastasis?

30. What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor?

31. What are ways to treat cancer?