Global History 10
Mid-Term Review Packet
Industrial Revolution
Where did the industrial revolution begin? Great Britain
What four items were needed to begin the IR?
- Geographical Advantages
- Large Colonial empire
- Transportation and communication
- Agricultural Revolution
List 5 effects of the Industrial Revolution.
- Mass production - shifted from making goods by hand
- Applied new sources of power like steam , ships and railways
- Urbanization
- Rise of capitalist and working class
- Lassie Faire – government hands off economy
Describe how industrialization changed traditional ways of living.
They now had child labor, 12-hour workdays, a middle class, working in factories, people moved to cities.
Nationalism
Define Nationalism: Feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country.
Identify the following people and explain their accomplishments:
Simon Bolivar – Leads revolutions in Venezuela, Columbia, and Ecuador. Crushed the Spanish army.
Toussaint L’Ouverture – 1791 seized control of all of Hispaniola. Haiti became the 1st independent state in Latin America.
Giuseppe Garibaldi – “sword” organized the army Red shirts. Led successful rebellion in southern Italy.
Otto Von Bismarck –Also known as the Iron Chancellor. Unified Germany through wars with Denmark, Austria and France. Followed a policy of “blood and iron.”
Identify two revolutions that inspired independence in Latin America.
- The American Revolution
- The French Revolution
Karl Marx
What was the title of Marx’s book? The Communist Manifesto
Marx protested Capitalism. List three components of Capitalism:
- Means of production were owned by the people
- Laissez-faire – government hands off
- Workers provided their labor for which they were paid by business owner – owner took all risks
How did Marx’s describe history? The history of class struggle – the haves and have nots
What two groups did Marx’s divide people of INDUSTRIAL society into?
Bourgeoisie (middle class) – the haves
Proletaraite (working class) – the have nots
How did Marx’s believe change would come about?
A Worldwide violent revolution
What would be the end result?
A classless society - Communism
Explain the following quote by Marx: “From each according to their ability, to each according to their needs.”
The quote is describing people working to provide for one and other.
Define Communism: A form of socialism that sees class struggle between employers and employees as inevitable. Therefore we should create a classless society where all property is publically owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Imperialism
Define Imperialism: the domination of one country of the political, economic or cultural life of another country or region.
Imperialism can also be called colonialism.
Which nations were imperializing in the 1800’s?
England, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium and America
European nations were imperial because they possessed the following things:
- A strong military
- Nationalism
- Industrialization
Their reasons for imperialism were:
- Social Darwinism
- Natural resources and new materials
- Economic prosperity
Identify the “Scramble for Africa”:
To avoid bloodshed European powers met to carve out or partition their claim, Partition of Africa.
Identify “Spheres of Influence”:
Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges in an area or region
Define “The Open Door Policy”:
A policy to keep Chinese trade open to everyone on an equal basis. Americans did not want to be shut out.
Explain the significance of the Opium War.
During this war China fought to halt imports and British fought to keep them open.
What was “The White Man’s Burden”:
Missionaries, doctors, and colonial officers believed they had the duty to spread what they saw as the blessing of western civilization; including medicine, law and Christian religion.
List 4 negative effects of imperialism:
- Drained resources
- Erosion of traditional values
- Long hours and low pay
- Imperialized nations were treated as inferior
List 3 positive effects of imperialism:
- Increased transportation and communication
- Education brought to imperialized nations
- Medicine and food to imperialized nations
Why would European nations help industrialize these victim nations?
To help their economy and gain natural resources for industrialization.
How did the government of India change after British imperialism?
They had a single system of law and government
Describe the Boxer and Sepoy Rebellions. What was their goal?
The people were upset with the growing foreigner influence in China and India. Their goal was to get the foreigners out.
Meiji Restoration
For many years Japan had been isolated.
Japan lacks natural resources.
Commodore Matthew Perry opened up Japan for trade.
As a result of this Japan came out of isolation and began to modernize and industrialize.
WWI
What were the M.A.I.N. long-term causes of WWI?
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
What was the immediate cause of WWI?
The assignation of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
What were the opposing sides both before and after WWI?
Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Italy
Allied Powers- Britain, France, Russia, and Italy (switched sides during the war)
What was the Treaty of Versailles? List 3 provisions of the treaty.
The treaty ended WWI.
- Disarmament of Germany
- War guilt clause- Germany must take blame
- Reparations – Germany must pay
- Germany lost colonies
What impact did new technology have on the war?
Many soldiers were killed.
The Russian Revolution
How did conditions during WWI lead to the Russian Revolution?
After the was Russia was in shambles, there were no jobs, money or food for its people.
Identify Vladimir Lenin.
Lead the Bolsheviks Revolution of 1917
Identify the Bolsheviks. What did they promise?
The Bolsheviks were a political party who promised peace, land and bread to the people.
Russia was the first nation to have a communist Revolution and turn communist. What was different in Russia than Marx believed would be true of communist Revolutions?
Marx believed in a classless society the government would disappear. In the Soviet Union classes and government took over everything.
What was the NEP? The New Economic Policy
What did Lenin do with political dissenters?
Lenin executed and persecuted them.
Josef Stalin
What did Stalin do with political dissenters?
Stalin executed and persecuted them.
What were the purges?
Stalin had political leaders arrested and executed.
Define totalitarianism: government has total control over the people’s lives
Define Censorship:
The government suppression or prohibition of any news, art or books that they did not agree with.
What other tactics did Stalin use to control people?
Stalin used fear, secret police, propaganda and education to control the people.
What was the Five-Year plan?
The plan was to turn the nation from agriculture to an industrial country. He had a series of goals in which all aspects were controlled by the government. Industrializing and modernizing.
Causes of WWII
List three factors which led to the rise of Fascism:
- Weak government
- Economic problems
- WWI
List five components of Fascism:
- Nationalism
- Unity of social classes
- All powerful leaders reaction against liberalism
- Extreme militarism
List two Fascist leaders and the countries with which they were associated:
- Adolf Hitler – Germany
- Benito Mussolini – Italy
Define appeasement:
Policy of giving in to an aggressor’s demands in order to keep peace.
Explain how Hitler was appeased, and why was it considered a cause of WWII?
Hitler was given Sudetenland and many natural resources. Hitler became bolder and less afraid of the allies.
Define Genocide:
Deliberate attempt to destroy an entire religious or ethnic group.
Middle East
Identify Kemal Ataturk:
Turkish nationalist who overthrew the sultan, defeated western forces and declared Turkey a republic. He modernized and industrialized turkey.
Define Islamic Fundamentalism:
Theoretic government and reaction against western culture. Return to Islamic fundamentals