EXECU
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Table of Content
LIST OF ACRONYMS iv
ACKNOWLEGMENT vi
DEFINITIONS vii
SYNOPSIS ON TANZANIA xii
CHAPTER 1 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Purpose 2
1.2 Objectives of the ESMF 2
1.3 Principles and Methodology 3
CHAPTER 2 4
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 4
2.1 Background 4
2.2 Lessons Learned from TASAF I 4
2.3 Project Development Objective 4
2.4 Guiding Principle 5
2.5 Description of TASAF II 6
2.7 Categories of Beneficiaries 7
2.8 Project Location 8
2.9 Institutional Capacity 8
2.10 Anticipated Sub-projects to be funded 8
2.11 Project Institutional Arrangement and Coordination 8
CHAPTER 3 9
3.0 OVERVIEW OF POLICIES, LEGISLATION AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 9
3.1 Environmental Policies/Legislation and Institutional Arrangement 9
3.2 EIA Procedure in Tanzania 12
3.3 World Bank Safeguard Policies 14
CHAPTER 4 16
4.0. POTENTIAL IMPACTS 16
4.1 Overall Environmental and Social impacts 16
4.3 Potential Negative Impacts 18
4.4 Impact of Agricultural Chemicals 19
4.6 Localized Negative Impacts 20
4.7 Cumulative Impacts 20
4.8 Strategic Impacts 22
4.9 Other Social and Environmental Degradation Issues 22
CHAPTER 5 24
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS AND PROCEDURES 24
5.1 Categorization of TASAF subprojects for EA 24
5.2 Environmental Screening Process 25
5.3 Assigning appropriate environmental category 25
5.4 Conduct ER, LEA or EIA 25
5.5 Review and Approval 26
5.6 Public Consultation and Disclosure 27
5.7 Monitoring and Evaluation 28
5. 8 Monitoring Indicators 29
CHAPTER 6 31
6.0 MAINSTREAMING ESMF IN SUB PROJECT CYLE AND REPORTING MECHANISM 31
6.1 Implementation of ESMF 33
6.2 Reporting Lines, Advisory and Support Mechanisms 33
6.3 Roles and responsibilities 35
6.3.1 Community Level 35
6.3.2 District Level 35
6.3.3 National Level 36
6.4 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for TASAF II Program 36
6.4.1 EMP for the ESMF 36
6.4.2 EMPs for Sub-projects 37
6.5 Review and Approval of EMPs 38
CHAPTER 7 39
7.0 TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT 39
7.1 Introduction 39
7.2 Recommended Sensitization, Training and Capacity Building Activities at Different Levels 39
7.3 Training and Sensitization on Environmental and Social Management 40
7.4 Budget for Mainstreaming, Capacity Building and Training in Environmental and Social Management 41
CONSULTED LITERATURES: 43
ANNEX 1: ACCESSIBILITY TO NATURAL RESOURCES AND SERVICES 1
Annex 2: TYPES F SUB PROJECTS THAT REQUIRE FULLY EIA 1
Annex 3(a): LIST OF SUB PROJECT THAT MAY/MAY NOT REQUIRE EIA FOR MAINLAND…….. 1
Annex 3(b) ACTIVITIES WHICH DO NOT REQUIRE AN EIA CERTIFICATE – ZANZIBAR 1
Annex 3C WORLD BANK CATEGORIZATION OF SUB PROJECTS 1
Annex 4: TASAF II INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT 1
Annex 4A: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND COORDINATION FOR MAINLAND………. 1
Annex 4B: INSTITUTION ARRANGEMENT AND COORDINATION FOR ZANZIBAR……. 1
Annex 5: FLOW CHART FOR EIA PROCEDURE IN TANZANIA 1
Annex 6: SUMMARY OF WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES 1
Annex 7: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO RISKS FOR TASAF II 1
Annex 8: POTENTIAL POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF TASAF II FUNDED SUB-PROJECTS 1
Annex 9A: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORMS 1
Annex 9B: CHECKLIST FOR SUB PROJECT 1
Annex 9C: ENVIROMENTAL REVIEW (ER) FORM 1
Annex 9D: LIMITED ENVIROMENTAL ASSESSMENT (LEA) FORM 2
Annex 10: SAMPLE MATRIX OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)…………. 1
Annex 11: TYPICAL TYPES OF SUB PROJECTS THAT MAY BE FUNDED BY TASAF II……….. 1
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
CBO - Community Based Organization
CDD - Community Driven Development
CMO - Community Management Organization
DCDO - District Community Development Officer
DEO - District Environmental Officer
DOEZ - Department of Environment Zanzibar
DoE - Division of Environment
EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment
EIS - Environmental Impact Statement
EMA - Environmental Management Act 2004
ER - Environmental Review
ESA - Environmental and Social Assessment
ESMF - Environmental and Social Management Framework
GDP - Gross Domestic Product
GoT - Government of Tanzania
GoZ - Government of Zanzibar
LGSP - Local Government Support Programme
HBS - Household Budget Survey
IDA - International Development Association
LEA - Limited Environmental Assessment
LGAs - Local Government Authorities
MLHS - Ministry of Land and Human Settlement
MDGs - Millennium Development Goals
MSLSD - Ministry of State, Local Government and Special Department
NFDA - National Food and Drug Authority
NEMC - National Environment Management Council
NGO - Non-Governmental Organizations
NSC - National Steering Committee
NVF - National Village Fund
PADEP - Participatory Agriculture Development and Empowerment Project
PC - Project Coordinator
PO-RALG - President’s Office Regional Administration and Local
PPA - Participatory Poverty Assessment
PPT - Project Preparation Team
PRS - Poverty Reduction Strategy
PRSP - Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
RAP - Resettlement Action Plan
SSP - Social Support Program
TASAF - Tanzania Social Action Fund
TBS - Tanzania Bureau of Standard
TNA - Training Needs Assessment
TMU - TASAF Management Unit
TOR - Terms of Reference
TOT - Training of Trainers
TPC - TASAF Project Coordinator
TPRI - Tropical Pesticides Research Institute
VDP - Village Development Plan
VPO-DOE - Vice President – Division of Environment
VIC - Veterinary Investigation Center
WB - World Bank
OP - Operational Policy
OM - Operational Manual
WEO - Ward Executive Officer
DED - District Executive Officer
PEDP - Primary Education Development Programme
PPT - Project Preparation Team
RWSS - Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
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ACKNOWLEGMENT
This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is a product of a broad range of stakeholders that were consulted or involved in the process of preparing the final work. The TASAF II Project Preparation Team (PPT) provided overall leadership guidance and facilitation in the preparation of this framework.
This document has been prepared by a team of multi-displinary sector specialists both from mainland and Zanzibar. TASAF Management Unit would like to thank the team for their enormous efforts.
The list of individuals who participated in the preparation of this framework document are Eng. Evans S. B. Ntagwabira of Ministry of Works, Mr. Joseph R. Kombe of National Environment Management Council (NEMC), Mr. Hamad O. Juma of Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Cooperatives, Department of Environment Zanzibar, Mrs. Esther Makwaia of Division of Environment Vice President’s Office and Mr. Barnabas F. Jachi of TASAF. Ms. Lilian B. Njau of TASAF provided secretarial services.
Special thanks should also go to various people at District and village levels, who were met during environmental reconnaissance survey conducted in February 2004. Their inputs have been extensively used in the preparation of this ESMF.
Participants of the Stakeholders workshop held on 13th July 2004 at the Tanzania Episcol Conference in Kurasini – Dar es Salaam valuable contribution to this final version of the document.
R. M. Khijjah
Chairperson
TASAF II Preparation Team
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DEFINITIONS
Environmental Assessment (EA): The process of managing the environmental aspects of a policy, strategy, program or sub projects from the earliest stages of identifying the potential actions to their completion and evaluations. The process encompasses identification of potential adverse environmental impact, assessments of these impacts and comparison with impacts of alternative approaches; design and implementation measures and plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts; and development of associated management and monitoring measures.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): An environmental assessment instrument to identify and assess major potential environmental impact of proposed sub projects, evaluate alternatives and design appropriate mitigation, management and monitoring measures
Environmental Review (ER): An environmental assessment instrument in which the subprojects is likely to have minimum impacts but should be reviewed with a simple and standardized checklist of possible impacts and appropriate mitigation measures.
Environmental Screening (ES): The process of identifying, as early as possible, the potential adverse environmental impacts of proposed sub projects assigning the environmental category indicating the level of anticipated impact corresponding level of environmental assessment required: and identifying the most relevant EA instrument needed to address the potential impacts and environmental issues associated with sub projects. The screening process will indicate whether environmental assessment is required for each subproject or not, and if it is required, which of the three environmental instruments (ER, LEA or EIA) should be used.
Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA): An instrument to assess whether a subproject is likely to cause environmental impacts that merit consideration by an environmental specialist, and which special measures of mitigation should be incorporated into the design. Detailed checklists, customized for different subprojects types, would normally be used and supplemented on a case-by –case basis, possibly by field visit.
Environmental Management Plan (EMP): An instrument that details (a) the measures to be taken during the implementation and operation of a project to eliminate or offset adverse environmental impacts, or to reduce them to acceptable levels; and (b) the actions needed to implement these measures.
Environmental Monitoring (EM): Monitoring is a systematic measuring and recording of physical, social and economic variables associated with project impacts. The objective of monitoring is to provide information on the characteristics and functioning of the occurrence and magnitude of impacts and whether mitigation measures have been carried out. Thus monitoring is one of the important factors for environmental management within the EIA context.
Environmental Audit (EA):
Environmental Audits involve reassessment of the developed project by looking at the positive and negative impacts. The environmental Audit report will be prepared by the proponent and submitted to competent authorities for evaluation.
Scoping: The process for determining the extent of environmental impact of the impact for the project to be undertaken. In the process extensive consultations with principle stakeholders is mandatory in order to inform them about the proposed activities and solicit their views about it.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania established the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) in year 2000 through credit financing from the International Development Agency (IDA) to support poverty stricken communities in Local Government Authorities (LGAs) and Unguja and Pemba. The principle is based on the community-driven initiatives, with TASAF investment fund being managed by the communities themselves.
The implementation of TASAF I has confirmed that community strategies are viable for poverty alleviation in accelerating sustainable economic growth and human development. Social service delivery infrastructures have facilitated access to health, water and education services, of which, by 31st December 2003, over 1,300 poor communities involving an estimated population of about 1.6 million people have been supported and about 1,348 different types of social service delivery infrastructures (sub-projects) completed. Evident implementation challenges from TASAF I which need to be addressed include: inadequate technical capacity and management skills in some districts on project planning, implementation and monitoring of progress in all aspects at community and district levels; insufficient community participation in some of operational areas due to other survival preoccupation activities negatively impacting implementation of sub-projects; operationalisation of sector norms and standards in most of the districts and more incorporation of NGOs and CBOs. Since TASAF I is coming to an end, these challenges will have to be addressed in TASAF II.
The project development objectives of TASAF II will be to ensure that the program supports communities to contribute to Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) and the meeting selected Millennium Development Goals (MDG) indicator targets through National Village Fund (NVF) and Mfuko wa Kijiji/Shehia. These funds will be managed by communities through Community Management Organizations (CMOs) under the leadership of Village Council Shehia Council/Mtaa. The project will support community interventions in (a) closing the service gaps initiatives, (b) vulnerable groups, (c) safety nets for able-bodied poor, (d) community savings promotion programs, (e) as well as supporting institutional development. Potential beneficiaries will be the shorts of service, need of safety nets, vulnerable groups and savers.
The guiding principle of TASAF II operations will be to strengthen community empowerment through; participatory project management, direct financing, promoting transparency and accountability, building capacities of implementers at all LGAs/Islands and Village/Shehia/Mtaa, supporting poor communities and disadvantaged groups. In addition to that it will be operating in harmony with other ongoing initiatives within the LGAs.
The purpose of this Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is to ensure that environmental and social sustainability of the TASAF II funded sub-projects are achieved through application of safeguard measures on environmental and social issues during project implementation.
ESMF will ensure that both substantive concerns of the World Bank and National Environmental Polices and Laws are satisfactorily addressed. The objectives of this ESMF are:
§ To establish methodologies for environmental and social impact assessment procedure within the Community-Driven Development (CDD) sub-project cycle;
§ To assess the potential environmental and social impacts of the TASAF II project, whether positive or negative, and propose mitigation measures which will effectively address these impacts;
§ To inform the stakeholders of the potential impacts of different anticipated sub projects, and relevant mitigation measures and strategies;
§ To serve as a tool for project implementers at the National, District, Ward, /Village/Mtaa/Shehia level to identify and mitigate potential environmental and social impacts during all stages of the sub-project cycle thereby avoiding long term negative impacts;
§ Identify potential environmental policies, legal and institutional framework pertaining to TASAF II.
§ To highlight Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure.
In order to meet the above objectives of ESMF, sub-projects funded by TASAF II will follow environmental and social screening process using the National EIA Guidelines and Procedures and the World Bank’s safeguard polices as stipulated in the Operational Manual OP 4.01 and GP 4.01.
The guiding principle for implementation of the sub-projects will be based on CDD Cycle which will involve identification, appraisal, approval, launching, implementation, supervision, monitoring and evaluation, inauguration /commissioning. Therefore mainstreaming ESMF into the sub-project cycle activities will ensure that Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) is taken into consideration.